小兴安岭西北部晚石炭世造山后达音河岩体的 特征及其地质意义

小兴安岭西北部达音河岩体主要由碱长花岗岩、正长花岗岩组成。碱长花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为304.4±1.3 Ma,时代属于晚石炭世,而不是过去认为的晚侏罗世。该岩体化学组成以高硅、钾、钠,低钙为特征,富集Rb、La、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu等大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta、Zr高场强元素,反映斜长石作为源区残留相对岩浆地球化学特征的控制。该岩体同区域上十二站、新开岭、龙镇、扎兰屯等岩体构成晚石炭世造山后伸展背景下形成的I型和A型花岗岩带,反映了兴安、松嫩块体在晚石炭世结束块体碰撞造山,转入造山后伸展环境。     

大兴安岭南段晚中生代侵入岩时空分布及主脊与东坡岩体特征对比

通过岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学对位于大兴安岭主脊上的马勒根坝岩体、朝阳沟岩体和大兴安岭东坡区域的野猪沟岩体、布敦化岩体的4个不同花岗岩岩体的岩石类型、主量和微量元素特征、年代学及构造背景进行对比分析,讨论了研究区在晚侏罗世—早白垩世的岩浆活动及地质背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示:主脊朝阳沟岩体和东坡布敦化岩体年龄分别为(154±1) Ma和(154.1±1.6) Ma,属于晚侏罗世岩体,主脊马勒根坝岩体和东坡野猪沟岩体年龄分别为(144.62±0.74) Ma和(140.2±2.7) Ma,属于早白垩世岩体。岩相学和地球化学特征显示:主脊岩体为高钾钙碱性-准铝质-过铝质花岗岩岩体,东坡岩体为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性-准铝质-弱过铝质TTG型岩体;主脊比东坡岩体更加亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti、Eu元素,为高分异I型花岗岩,东坡岩体为正常的I型花岗岩。结合区域地质资料分析,认为在晚侏罗世—早白垩世伊泽奈崎板块NNW向俯冲和蒙古—鄂霍次克洋闭合共同作用于大兴安岭南段地区,在大兴安岭主脊形成断裂带,导致幔源岩浆上涌底侵下地壳而形成沿断裂带分布的花岗岩体;主脊处于碰撞向伸展环境过渡的时期,东坡区域此时应处于俯冲时期。     

秦岭造山带蟒岭花岗岩锆石LA ICP MS U Pb年龄及其地质意义

蟒岭花岗岩位于东秦岭地区商南—丹凤断裂带北侧的北秦岭构造带上,呈北西西走向,与区域构造线方向基本一致。本文报道了该岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年数据和地球化学数据,并结合前人的资料初步总结了该岩体的年代学特征。结果显示,蟒岭花岗岩的岩浆演化可以分为两个阶段:晚侏罗世—早白垩世的二长花岗岩(158.4±1.8Ma～160.5±1.3Ma)和早白垩世中期的钾长花岗岩(124.1±2.0Ma)。此外,样品09CL264获得锆石继承核部年龄为1883±36Ma、1860±35Ma,可能代表了源岩年龄。地球化学特征上,早期的二长花岗岩具有高硅、碱,K2O/Na2O>1,以及高Sr、低Yb、Y的特征,而晚期的钾长花岗岩具有高硅、碱,K2O/Na2O<1,低Sr、低Y、Yb的特征。其中,晚侏罗世—早白垩世的二长花岗岩(09CL260)的εHf(t)值变化于-9.4～-3.1,暗示其可能具有多源特征,源岩主要为下地壳元古宙物质。     

内蒙古安家营子金矿与侵入岩的关系及其地球动力学意义

位于华北陆块北缘金矿成矿带的安家营子中型金矿属赤峰-朝阳金矿化集中区。金矿体主要赋存于安家营子花岗岩岩体内。区内广泛分布着与金矿化相伴生的流纹斑岩脉。与金矿化密切相关的安家营子花岗岩具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、较低的^87Sr／^86Sr初始比值、Ba—Sr含量高等特点，暗示该花岗岩浆形成深度较大。这些特点与我国胶东地区与金矿有关花岗岩的特征非常相似，但区别于较早期的喀喇沁花岗岩和成矿后的流纹斑岩脉。锆石U—Pb年龄表明，安家营子花岗岩侵位时代为132—138Ma，而穿切矿体的流纹斑岩岩脉的成岩时代为124．9—126，5Ma，进而金矿成矿时代可以限定在126．132Ma。这一年龄结果与华北克拉通中生代动力学体制发生转折的时间相吻合。研究表明，早中生代前后华北东部曾发生了动力学机制的重大转折，如挤压向伸展转变和岩石圈的减薄达到高峰导致岩浆作用增强等。华北克拉通绝大多数金矿床集中形成于这一转折时期暗示成矿作用可能与深部作用过程有关，即早白垩世地慢物质-能量强烈上涌的同时，使金等威矿元素活化迁移至地壳层次，并在有利的构造部位富集成矿。     

江南造山带东段东源含钨岩体的岩石化学、矿物学特征研究

东源岩体主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩构成。长石绢云母化、碳酸盐化作用较强,黑云母发生白云母化和轻微绿泥石化蚀变。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得岩体的成岩年龄为晚侏罗世-早白垩世((146.7±4.1)Ma);含有大量新元古代的继承锆石,加权平均年龄为(770.2±9.7)Ma。岩体中黑云母为镁质黑云母,显示寄主岩为壳幔混合来源。岩石地球化学特征总体表现为高钾钙碱性系列-橄榄粗玄岩系列,准铝质-过铝质,相对高的Sr、Ba含量,低Y和Yb,弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.74~0.83),富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素。初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.7124,εNd(t)值为–5.53。东源岩体的地球化学特征表现出埃达克质岩的亲缘性,类似于加厚下地壳部分熔融产生的熔体。锆石εHf(t)值为–13.0~–7.0,变化较大。结合区域地质和构造演化,认为在晚侏罗世-早白垩世(约146.7 Ma),古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲使先前交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,幔源岩浆底侵到壳幔过渡带附近,导致下地壳部分熔融,可能与少量的幔源岩浆发生岩浆混合作用,形成了东源岩体。     

内蒙古安家营子赋金岩体地球化学特征及成因

有关内蒙安家营子金矿田赋矿岩体似斑状二长花岗岩的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素及Sr、O、Pb同位素的研究表明:安家营子似斑状二长花岗岩与中国花岗岩平均化学成分对比,介于花岗岩与石英二长岩之间,属正常系列钙碱性岩石,成岩年龄为(132±5)Ma,属燕山晚期产物;岩体为岩浆成因,与国外Ⅰ型和国内同熔型花岗岩特征一致,侵位深度大于13km,结晶温度在750～800℃范围内;源岩来自上地幔和部分下地壳成分,形成于造山带挤压构造环境;岩体中的岩石-脉岩-矿石成矿元素具有明显的相关性,属同源产物。     

浙皖晚中生代仙霞岩体锆石U Pb年代学、地球化学及成岩地质意义

仙霞岩体是浙北和皖南交界区域明显受北东向学川-孝丰断裂构造带控制的大岩体,其内部岩性复杂,主要由早期中粒二长花岗岩、巨斑状二长花岗岩和晚期中粗粒正长花岗岩、细粒正长花岗岩组成,后期有大量细晶岩、石英正长岩、闪长玢岩、安山岩、辉绿岩等脉岩侵入。锆石U-Pb年龄数据显示早期二长花岗岩大约侵位于145.1~144.2Ma,晚期正长花岗岩大约侵位于131.7~130.8Ma,后期辉绿岩脉侵位于128.3Ma。两期岩石均具高SiO_2、高K_2O+Na_2O和低P_2O_5特征;早期二长花岗岩为准铝质、高钾钙碱系列岩石,稀土配分曲线强右倾,中等负Eu异常,富集Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等特征;晚期正长花岗岩为准铝质-过铝质、钾玄岩系列岩石,稀土配分曲线弱右倾、强负Eu异常,同样富集Rb、Th、U、K,强亏损Sr、P、Ti等特征;均属高分异I型花岗岩类。两期岩石均具有相对高的(86Sr/87Sr)i值(0.70807~0.70988)和εNd(t)值(-8.87~-5.14),Nd二阶段模式年龄为1.36~1.65Ga。成岩可能与古太平洋板块俯冲角度的改变,构造背景由中晚侏罗世(165±5~145±5Ma)的挤压环境向早白垩世早期(145±5~125Ma)的伸展拉张环境转变有关,致使古老江南造山带地壳物质熔融并可能混染扬子岩石圈地幔物质形成的两期岩浆经高程度结晶分离作用先后侵位,也表明浙西北乃至华南地区晚中生代构造转换时间为145Ma左右,且在早白垩世发生了多期次伸展拉张作用。     

北秦岭蟒岭岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其演化

蟒岭岩体位于北秦岭构造带北部,岩石类型主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒二长花岗岩、含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩。依据LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果,结合前人测试的年龄,将蟒岭岩体的岩浆演化划分为晚侏罗世早期、晚侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期和早白垩世中期3期。第一期为含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩,其LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为(157±1)Ma,该期岩石SiO2质量分数较低,富碱,属于准铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性系列;第二期二长花岗岩,侵位年龄为(148±1)Ma~(144±1)Ma,具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于准铝质-弱过铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩;第三期黑云母钾长花岗岩,侵位年龄为(124±2)Ma,具高硅、富碱、低镁、铝饱和指数偏高的特征,属过铝质,高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩。组成蟒岭岩体的花岗岩从早到晚,SiO2质量分数逐渐升高,而Al2O3、TiO2、MgO、CaO、P2O5、TFe2O3质量分数逐渐降低;稀土元素总量具有由高到低的变化趋势,第一期和第二期岩石的稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾型,而第三期的稀土元素配分曲线呈两边高中间低的不对称弧形,整体上负铕异常不明显或呈微弱正铕异常;微量元素上,这3期岩石均富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损P、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。与区域上同时代成矿花岗岩体对比,两者均具有高硅、富碱的特征,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线呈轻稀土元素富集的右倾斜型,但蟒岭岩体中二长花岗岩没有明显的Eu异常,且Ba、P、Ti亏损及Ta、Nb富集没有含矿花岗岩明显。     

内蒙古东乌旗索纳嘠铅锌银矿区花岗岩地球化学特征及其构造与成矿意义

内蒙古东乌旗索纳嘎铅锌银矿区赋矿侵入岩为一由中粗粒花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩组成的杂岩体.三种岩石的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄依次为(319.6±4.1)Ma、(172.5±1.4)Ma和(165.5±1.8)Ma.三者均以高钾、富碱、贫镁为特征,均属钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质岩石,分异程度较高.岩石稀土总量较高,轻稀土相对富集,均具负铕异常;均富集U、Th,Rb/Sr值大于壳源Rb/Sr值,应属S型花岗岩.根据花岗岩地球化学和区域地质特征分析认为,中粗粒花岗岩形成于晚石炭世后碰撞伸展构造环境;中侏罗世细粒黑云母花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩产于板内伸展构造环境,为同源岩浆演化不同阶段的产物.似斑状钾长花岗岩富含成矿元素Pb和Zn,而且其成岩年龄与辉钼矿(163.4±2.4) Ma～(166.6±2.4) Ma的Re-Os同位素年龄基本一致,可能为成矿母岩.     

吉林东部延边地区二长花岗岩年代学、岩石成因学及其构造意义研究

高岭岩体位于吉林省延边地区和龙市东侧,大地构造位置上位于华北板块北缘东段,岩性主要为似斑状二长花岗岩,基质为中粒-中细粒结构。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,样品YH04和N-5的加权平均年龄分别为172.25±0.97Ma和170.9±0.68Ma,表明岩体侵位时代为中侏罗世。岩石地球化学特征上,高岭岩体样品具有高硅(69.60%~74.30%)、富铝(13.90%~15.80%)、富钾(3.05%~4.50%)和低镁(0.22%~0.82%)及Mg#(26~37)的特点。样品富集轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素(LREE/HREE=13~21),具有微弱的负Eu到正Eu异常(δEu=0.78~2.14),其稀土元素配分模式图与埃达克岩稀土元素配分模式图类似。高岭岩体样品富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Sr和高场强元素Th、U和Zr,同时亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta以及P元素。同时样品具有较低的初始87Sr/86Sr值(0.7039~0.7051)和负的εNd(t)值(-0.6~-0.3),且其t DM1和t DM2模式年龄分别为922~928Ma和984~1011Ma,表明研究区新元古代存在地壳增生事件。Sr-Nd同位素特征及岩石地球化学特征表明高岭岩体母源岩浆来源于加厚下地壳基性岩石部分熔融且受到了新元古代增生物质的影响。结合区域构造演化,中侏罗世高岭岩体侵位构造环境可能受到环太平洋构造体系和华北板块与西伯利亚板块持续碰撞的叠加影响。     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

新疆阿图什市木吉地区木吉群孢粉化石的发现

新疆维吾尔自治区阿图什市木吉地区邻近帕米尔,是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压应力最集中的地区,地层变质和变形强烈,研究基础薄弱。木吉群由变质砂岩、板岩、千枚岩、石英岩、钙质石英岩、变粒岩、二云石英片岩、大理岩等组成,一直未发现任何化石。最近,笔者在木吉乡的喀拉足克沟和阿拉木陶沟的粉砂岩、钙质粉砂岩中发现了一些植物管胞片和孢粉化石:Gran-ulatisporites sp.,Cycloranisporites sp.,Verrucosisporites sp.,Pityosporites sp.,Punetatosporites sp.,Leiotriletes sp.,Apicu-latisporites sp.,Platysaccus sp.,Cycodopites sp.等。从地层接触关系和孢粉化石的整体面貌看,木吉地区含上述孢粉化石的木吉群的时代可能为泥盆纪—石炭纪。     

西藏措勤县雄玛地区始新统林子宗群帕那组 火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景

西藏措勤县雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩大地构造位置位于冈底斯—念青唐古拉山板片,地层分区上属于冈底斯地层区、隆格尔—南木林地层分区。岩性主要为一套以浅灰色、灰绿色流纹质凝灰岩为主,夹浅黄绿色、灰绿色流纹岩及英安岩、火山角砾岩、杂砂岩及砾岩的岩石组合。之下与永珠组和拉嘎组呈喷发不整合接触。岩石地球化学特征表明该火山岩系属过铝质的高钾钙碱性—亚碱性系列,稀土元素地球化学中轻稀土元素明显富集,微量元素中大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、P、Ti)亏损。以上特征说明雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩岩浆源于陆壳重熔,属与俯冲造山有关的陆相火山岩,同时又兼具陆—陆碰撞的特点。推测帕那组火山岩形成于新特提斯洋壳俯冲基本结束,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞开始的构造背景下,年龄大概在38Ma左右,为始新世晚期。     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代

自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动.     

Metasomatic effects in the Faraday Metagabbro,Bancroft, Ontario,Canada

Summary The Middle Proterozoic Faraday Metagabbro in the Bancroft area of eastern Ontario has been subjected to syn-orogenic textural and mineralogical modifications resulting in the formation of scapolite-bearing metagabbro and gabbroic blastomylonite assemblages. The elemental flux during cryptic and overt scapolitization has been calculated usingGresens general metasomatic equation which applies corrections for density and volume changes during alteration. Metasomatic variation diagrams using analyses from two primary gabbros and six altered rocks indicate that Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb, and Ba are the principal introduced elements and that Cu and S were removed. These changes are very similar to those involved in the formation of metasomatic nepheline-bearing rocks elsewhere in the district and, furthermore, nephelinization and scapolitization were broadly coincident in time and space. It is concluded that the nephelin- and scapolite-bearing rocks and their cryptic facies are different manifestations of the same metasomatic agent and that the source of the fluids was a possible horizon of evaporitic sediments within the country rocks in which the gabbro was emplaced.

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Metasomatose im Faraday-Metagabbro, Bancroft, Ontario, Kanada

Zusammenfassung Der Mittel-proterozoische Faraday-Gabbro in der Umgebung von Bancroft (Ost-Ontario) erfuhr synorogene Veränderungen in Textur und Mineralogie, die zur Bildung skapolit-haltiger Metagabbros und gabbroider Blastomylonite führten. Die während kryptischer und offener Skapolitisierung stattfindende Elementtransport wurde mit Hilfe der vonGresens entwickelten generellen metasomatischen Gleichung errechnet; Korrekturen für Varänderungen in spezifischer Dichte und Volumen wurden angebracht. Metasomatische Variationsdiagramme basierend auf Analysen an zwei primären Gabbros und sechs modifizierten Gesteinen zeigen, daß Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb und Ba die hauptsächlich zugeführten Elemente darstellen, und daß Cu-und S-Konzentrationen abgebaut wurden. Diese Veränderungen sind vergleichbar mit solchen, wie sie bei der Bildung metasomatischer, Nephelin-haltiger Gesteine erkannt wurden. Außerdem fallen Nephelinisierung und Skapolitisierung zeitlich und räumlich in etwa zusammen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß Nephelin- und Skapolit-haltige Gesteine und deren kryptische Phasen durch den gleichen metasomatischen Prozeß entstanden sind, und daß die Herkunft der umwandelnden Lösungen möglicherweise in evaporitischen Sedimenten zu suchen ist, in die der Gabbro intrudierte.

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With 3 Figures     

Geochronology of the Dovyren intrusive complex, northwestern Baikal area, Russia, in the Neoproterozoic

The paper reports newly obtained data on the geochronology of the Dovyren intrusive complex and associated metarhyolites of the Inyaptuk Formation in the Synnyr Range. The data were obtained by local LA-ICPMS analysis of zircons in samples. The U-Pb age of olivine-free gabbronorite from near the roof of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif is 730 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 1.7, n = 33, three samples) is close to the estimated age of 731 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 56, five samples) of a 200-m-thick sill beneath the pluton. These data overlap the age of recrystallized hornfels found within the massif (“charnockitoid”, 723 ± 7 Ma, MSWD = 0.12, n = 10) and a dike of sulfidated gabbronorite below the bottom of the massif (725 ± 8 Ma, MSWD = 2.0, n = 15). The estimates are also consistent with the age of albite hornfels (721 ± 6 Ma, MSWD = 0.78, n = 12), which was produced in a low-temperature contact metamorphic facies of the host rocks. The average age of the Dovyren Complex is 728.4 ± 3.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.8, n = 99) based on data on the sill, near-roof gabbronorite, and “charnockitoid”) and is roughly 55 Ma older than the estimate of 673 ± 22 Ma (Sm-Nd; [13]). The U-Pb system of zircon in two quartz metaporphyre samples from the bottom portion of the Inyaptuk volcanic formation in the northeastern part of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif turns out to be disturbed. The scatter of the data points can be explained by the effect of two discrete events. The age of the first zircon population is then 729 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 0.74, n = 8), and that of the second population is 667 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 1.9, n = 13). The older value pertains to intrusive rocks of Dovyren, and the age of the “rejuvenated” zircon grains corresponds to the hydrothermal-metasomatic processes, which affected the whole volcano-plutonic sequence and involved the serpentinization of the hyperbasites. This is validated by the results of Rb-Sr isotopic studies with the partial acid leaching of two serpentinized peridotite samples from the Verblyud Sill. These studies date the overprinted processes at 659 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 3).     

Sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald,England, and Bas-Boulonnais,France

Study of the cross-stratification and other sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald, England, and Bas-Boulonnais, France, indicates that the sediments were deposited by the lateral migration of sand waves in a neritic sea. Comparison of the Lower Greensand sea with the modern North Sea was attempted. If those sediments were deposited as a result of tidal current similar to the present-day North Sea then the Lower Greensand shoreline could be deduced as running northwest-southeast, indication that the western part of the London Platform was submerged.     

Sedimentology in metamorphic rocks,the Willyama Supergroup,Broken Hill,Australia

In the upper greenschist to granulite grade rocks of the Willyama Supergroup at Broken Hill, Australia, earlier recognition of metamorphosed graded bedding in siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks led to interpretations of these rocks as deep-water turbidites. However, graded beds can also be deposited in shelfal environments below storm wave base. This study identified other tempestite features including wave oscillation ripples, hummocky cross-stratification and swaley cross-stratification indicating that deposition took place above the wave base of the larger storms.

Albitised metasedimentary rocks of the upper Thackaringa Group show structures such as swaley cross-stratification typical of shallow-water conditions above fair-weather wave base. Deposition of the Broken Hill Group commenced with muddy Allendale Metasediments conformable on the Thackaringa Group. The Ettlewood Calc-Silicate Member, originally a dolomitic, siliceous sediment, is interpreted as coastal sabkha indicating onset of a marine transgression. The Parnell Gneiss represents a volcanic or volcaniclastic interruption, heralding gradually increasing input of sand in the Freyers Metasediments reaching a maximum in middle Freyers Metasediments, followed by an abrupt reversion to mud, still influenced by wave action. An open marine shelf is interpreted, possibly 30 m deep (no more than 100 m) in the final stage of a developing rift. The Broken Hill Group terminated with the massive Hores Gneiss volcanic unit.

Sedimentation of the siliciclastic Sundown Group took place in similar conditions, commencing with a muddy interval overlying the Hores Gneiss. The shallowing produced by ～90 m thickness of volcanic/volcaniclastic Hores Gneiss was compensated by subsidence.

Paragon Group deposition commenced with substantial black mud, resulting from isolation from the sand supply and probably isolation from the sea. A fresh connection to the sea led first to the deposition of dolomitic carbonate (King Gunnia Calc-Silicate Member), then to deposition of parallel-laminated fine sand below wave base (upper Cartwrights Creek Metasediments), followed by ripple cross-laminated sand above wave base (Bijerkerno Metasediments). The Dalnit Bore Metasediments show abundant very thin graded silt–mud units possibly deposited below storm wave base, and thicker units of stacked wave oscillation ripples deposited above the wave base of larger storms.

The Broken Hill orebody is hosted by altered Broken Hill Group metasedimentary rocks deposited at water depths of ～30 m. Unless the ore fluid temperature was less than 150°C, it is likely that the orebody formed below the seafloor: at such shallow-water depths, the confining pressure would be inadequate to suppress boiling of hotter rising hydrothermal fluids.     

海南长塘岭矿区大坡岩体岩石学、地球化学特征及其含矿性初探

海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.