城口县1∶500城镇地籍测绘工程独立坐标系统建立研究

本文简要分析了高程归化与高斯投影综合变形,介绍了建立地方独立坐标系中央子午线和抵偿投影面,并计算独立椭球参数的原理。运用重庆市国土资源和房屋管理局GNSS连续运行参考站系统技术建立了工程地区的独立坐标系统,建立了该县首级GPS控制网,包括数据采集、基线向量检核等,用常规测量方法进行了有关边长检验,为建立工程建设地区独立坐标系统GPS控制网积累了经验。     

库车县城市D级GNSS平面控制网的建立方法研究

控制网的长度综合变形要求不超过2.5cm/km(相对变形为1:40000)这一原则。对于离国家3°带统一坐标系中央子午线较远的地区以及测区平均大地高超过1000米的地区,其长度综合变形往往超出了这一要求。为此,库车县城市D级GNSS平面控制网选择"任意投影带"同时改变投影面来削减长度综合变形。介绍了库车县城市D级GNSS平面控制网的建立以及坐标转换的方法,为建立地方坐标系提供参考依据。     

采用南方GNSS数据处理软件进行独立网平差方法探讨

针对南方GNSS数据处理软件特点,探讨采用该软件进行GNSS独立网平差方法。通过算例进行数据分析,并列出了两种典型GNSS独立网平差方法,获得正确结果。对工程施工GNSS控制网布设具有参考价值。     

GNSS控制网独立基线选取方法及精度分析

采用GNSS手段建立大地控制网是目前工程应用中最为常见的一种形式。GNSS控制网数据处理过程主要包含预处理、基线解算及网平差过程,网平差时需要选择独立基线参与解算,独立基线选取质量高低直接影响最终结果精度。鉴于此,探讨独立基线的选取方法,分别采用顺序连接型、射线型、随机选择等方式选取独立基线参与网平差,并对不同方法选取的独立基线进行网平差后精度分析,为GNSS控制网独立基线选取提供了有益借鉴。     

基于已有GNSS控制网的高精度隧道独立控制网建立方法

施工单位在进行高速铁路长大隧道施工前,需要对设计院已建立的GNSS控制网进行复测、加密、建立隧道独立控制网用于指导隧道施工,常用的两种建立隧道独立控制网方法存在不同的缺陷,难以保证隧道实现高精度贯通。为此,本文提出了一种基于已有GNSS控制网的高精度隧道独立控制网建立方法,经多个特长隧道工程实际应用,保证了隧道实现高精度贯通所需精度,达到隧道衬砌无损施工而不侵限的目的。     

独立坐标系在建立境外矿区GPS控制网中的应用

总结了独立坐标系在老挝巴松县铝土矿勘探测量中的应用,以期提供一套行之有效的解决类似问题的方法。主要论述了坐标系的选择,独立坐标系的建立及实现,数据处理及平差计算。在对GPS控制网进行约束平差及精度评定后,得出"该GPS控制网优于E级GPS控制网的精度,完全可以作为该矿区的平面首级控制"的结论,印证了独立坐标系建立境外矿区GPS控制网的可靠性。     

城区独立坐标系及基本控制网的建立

结合生产实际详细介绍城区独立坐标系建立的方法、GPS控制网的数据采集、基线向量的检核及GPS控制网利用GPSurvey软件,在城区独立坐标系中的平差方法,为建立城区独立GPS控制网积累了经验.     

城市独立坐标系平面控制网之扩建及改造

本文以重庆市独立坐标系平面控制网之扩建及改造为例 ,阐明城市独立坐标系平面控制网之扩建及改造的方法     

沂源县城区独立坐标系建立的研究

本文结合生产实际详细的介绍了城区独立坐标系建立的方法、GPS控制网的数据采集、基线向量的检核及GPS控制网利用GPSurvey软件，在城区独立坐标系中的平差方法，为建立城区独立GPS控制网积累了经验。     

独立坐标系在农村集体建设用地确权中的应用

洛阳市伊滨区利用国家坐标系投影转换不能满足农村集体建设用地确权发证的精度要求,需要建立地方独立坐标系。本文分析了地方独立坐标系的建立原理,建立了测区具有高程抵偿面的任意带高斯投影平面直角坐标系,建立的独立坐标系能满足集体建设用地地籍测量规范的精度要求。利用分布均匀满足转换精度的公共点坐标,通过七参数转换模型,将测区控制点坐标由西安80坐标系向城区独立坐标系进行了转换,建立测区基本控制网,为农村集体建设用地确权发证工作做好了基础。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。