基于植被覆盖度的石漠化遥感信息提取方法研究

以云南隆林各族自治县为研究区,利用中巴02B星多光谱遥感数据,在前人研究基础上,提出了基于植被覆盖度的石漠化遥感信息提取方法。实验表明,该方法在剔除阴影、水体、裸地及耕地等影响因素,结合土地利用现状的基础上,无需估算叶面积指数等需要复杂推导的参数就可以有效、准确地提取研究区石漠化分布状况。     

八步沙林场防沙治沙区植被覆盖度时空演变分析

以古浪县八步沙林场防沙治沙区域及其周边乡镇为研究区,基于Landsat影像,利用植被覆盖度遥感估算方法提取了1991-2019年研究区的植被覆盖度数据,并对区域内植被覆盖度变化的总体趋势、时空演变特征、影响因素等进行了深入分析.结果 表明:①1991-2019年区域内植被覆盖度明显向好发展,极低植被覆盖度区域逐年减少,...     

全球碳循环研究背景下的植被初级生产力遥感

总结了植被初级生产力遥感的理论和研究动态, 及其在全球碳循环研究中的重要意义。综述了利用遥感提取植被覆盖、生长状况和环境要素, 以及在此基础上建立植被净初级生产力估算的遥感过程模型的方法, 指出了模型全遥感化的方向。分析了数据同化/数据-模型融合方法在碳循环遥感研究中的作用, 强调了建立多尺度数据-模型融合系统可以使模型估算精度提高, 降低模型的不确定性。     

融合多源遥感数据的高分辨率城市植被覆盖度估算

准确获取城市植被覆盖定量信息对城市生态环境评价,城市规划及可持续城市发展具有重要意义。遥感技术的发展为获取区域及全球植被覆盖信息提供了有效手段,目前基于单传感器、单时相遥感数据的城市植被覆盖度估算方法得到较为广泛的应用。然而,由于城市地表覆盖的复杂性、植被类型的多样性,在一定程度上影响了城市植被覆盖信息提取的精度。为此,本文提出一种基于多源遥感数据与时间混合分析的城市植被覆盖度估算方法。首先,通过时空融合、植被物候特征分析获得最佳时序的GF-1 NDVI数据;其次,基于时间序列的GF-1 NDVI及Landsat 8 SWIR1、SWIR2数据,采用时间混合分析方法以长沙市为例估算城市植被覆盖度。实验研究表明,基于多源遥感数据与时间混合分析方法获得了较高精度的城市植被覆盖度估算（RMSE为0.2485,SE为0.1377,MAE为0.1889）,相对于单时相光谱混合分析、传统的像元二分法,本文提出的方法更为稳定,在低、中、高不同植被覆盖区均能获得较高的估算精度,为城市植被覆盖度定量估算提供了有效方法。     

基于CBERS-02B星数据的矿山开采环境变化动态监测——以德兴铜矿为例

以江西德兴铜矿为试验区,利用CBERS-02B星(辅以02星)CCD数据,对德兴铜矿矿山开采环境进行遥感动态监测与分析,以期为矿山的合理开发、环境监测与可持续发展提供决策分析方法.     

融合高时空分辨率数据估算植被净初级生产力

植被净初级生产力NPP(Net Primary Production)遥感估算与分析,有赖于高时空分辨率的遥感数据,但目前中高分辨率的遥感数据受卫星回访周期及天气的影响,在中国南方地区难以获取连续时间序列的数据,从而影响了高精度的区域植被净初级生产力的遥感估算。为此,提出一种基于多源遥感数据时空融合技术与CASA模型估算高时空分辨率NPP的方法。首先,利用多源遥感数据,即Landsat8 OLI数据与MODIS13Q1数据,采用遥感数据时空融合方法,获得了时间序列的Landsat8 OLI融合数据;然后,基于Landsat8 OLI时空融合数据,并采用CASA模型,以长株潭城市群核心区为例,进行区域植被NPP的遥感估算。研究结果表明,基于时间序列Landsat融合数据估算的30m分辨率的NPP具有良好的空间细节信息,且估算值与实测值的相关系数达0.825,与实测NPP数据保持了较好的一致性。     

基于植被覆盖度的植被变化分析

植被覆盖度是衡量地表植被状况的一个最重要的指标,也是影响土壤侵蚀与水土流失的主要因子,对于区域环境变化和监测研究具有重要意义。为了有效地从遥感资料中提取植被覆盖度,以像元线性分解模型两个重要参数为基础,建立基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)进行估算植被覆盖度的模型。最后以杭州地区为实验样区,利用MODIS影像数据对覆盖度进行估算,并对样区的植被变化进行分析。     

CBERS-02B星数据土地利用动态遥感监测方法研究

研究了CBERS-02B星(简称02B星)HR和CCD数据在土地利用动态遥感监测中的应用,综合分析了目前常用的5种土地利用变化检测方法及其应用效果,提出了各种方法的适用条件和范围,为规模化应用02B星数据开展土地利用动态遥感监测奠定了技术基础.     

岷江上游典型流域植被覆盖度的遥感模型及反演

本文在对岷江上游典型流域研究区实地踏勘和定位观测的基础上,综合利用Aster和ETM遥感数据、地面实测数据和常规观测数据等资料,研究了植被指数与植被覆盖度之间的相关性,确定了岷江上游典型流域植被覆盖度模型。以遥感图像中单个像元作为测算单位,对植被指数NDVI进行了计算,并对岷江上游毛儿盖地区植被覆盖度进行了反演。利用研究区实测数据、生态环境本底遥感调查数据和水文气象数据,对上述模型反演结果进行验证和精度分析。结果表明,模型反演结果精度较高,能较真实的反应研究区植被覆盖度实际状况。     

基于CBERS的黄河湿地生物量反演研究

本研究以黄河湿地郑州段为研究区,利用RS与GIS技术,基于2009年5月7日获得的CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像和地面实测植被生物量信息,采用回归算法构建反演模型,经对比分析得到最优计算模型。结果表明,反演模型计算精度达到86.32%,利用CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像可满足植被生物量的反演需要。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。