浅谈CORS站观测墩高量测方法

目前,利用多基站网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位服务综合系统(Continuous Operational Reference System,缩写为CORS)已成为各省GPS应用的发展重点。CORS系统是卫星定位技术、计算机网络技术、数字通讯技术等高新科技多方位、深度的产物。观测墩高度的测量精度将直接影响CORS站系统高程精度,本文结合LNCORS站观测墩高测量方法及在准备阶段研究成果,阐述CORS站观测墩高测量方法及精度分析。     

VRS技术在工程控制测量中的应用

随着连续运行参考站技术CORS的不断发展,网络RTK的优势不断体现出来。通过对新疆油田CORS系统及VRS技术的介绍,分析了VRS的技术优势,结合基于新疆油田CORS系统的VRS技术在工程控制测量中的实际应用,探讨了VRS技术外业观测方式,对观测数据进行了误差及精度分析,说明VRS技术可以代替传统的一级GPS控制测量和图根控制测量,使作业方法更加方便灵活,降低了劳动强度,节约了成本。     

CORS参考站选址的探讨

简述了连续运行卫星定位服务系统（简称CORS）参考站选址的一般步骤;重点论述了CORS参考站选址及GPS观测数据处理分析;举例说明了CORS参考站观测数据的要求,为CORS参考站的选址提供了一定的参考依据。     

基于CORS虚拟技术建立任意图形结构GPS控制网的研究与实践

研究了空间相关误差理论,利用CORS基准站原始观测值仿真网内任意点的虚拟数据,创新性地构建了单台或两台GPS设备与虚拟基站间的边连式GPS网,并通过对试验网多方案静态后处理结果的比对,表明该研究不仅能达到稳定、可靠的毫米级定位精度,而且对深度挖掘CORS海量观测数据的价值具有重要意义。     

基于CORS的网络RTK矿山开采沉陷监测方法研究

首先提出基于CORS的网络RTK技术在矿山地表沉降监测中的应用,并对其在矿山沉陷监测中的应用方法及误差进行了分析,提出一种网络RTK与静态GPS观测相结合的空间修正模型用以提高网络RTK技术在矿山沉陷监测中的精度。应用此种方法对网络RTK的定位精度进行探讨分析,其结果表明:在技术措施制定合理和外业观测条件良好的情况下,基于CORS的网络RTK技术使用此种空间修正模型用于提高矿山沉陷监测的精度是可行的,能够极大地拓展工作范围,提高工作效率,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于CORS系统的高精度GPS观测数据的模拟研究

目前国内建成的CORS系统以提供实时差分服务为主,对于毫米级的后处理,往往因为测站与基站的长距离需要测站长时间的观测,因此限制了CORS的应用拓展。本文通过CORS系统已知精确坐标、观测数据以及基准站间固定基线值,利用最小二乘内插方法,获取网内任意一点的空间相关误差,解决了虚拟基站的GPS观测数据的模拟,实现了CORS系统下测站与虚拟基站的短基线,从而能在短时间获取高精度的测站成果,并在苏州CORS系统下对研究成果进行测试计算及精度分析,得到了该模式下观测时间与定位精度关系的结论。     

虚拟基站网形结构对GPS控制网精度的影响

基于对虚拟基站仿真、GPS网精度指标的理论研究,通过对不同数量虚拟基站与观测网构成的不同的网形结构进行应用测试结果的分析,提出了确保控制网精度所适宜的虚拟基站网形结构,对于在CORS系统下挖掘CORS原始观测数据利用,完善CORS系统动态、静态等不同要求的高精度快速定位的应用研究具有很强的实用价值及推广意义。     

基于CORS的GPS静态观测在实际工作中的应用分析

基于CORS的测量在实际作业中应用愈发广泛,其中以网络RTK为代表。针对通讯状况不佳地区、电离层活跃时段以及远海岛礁等CORS基站覆盖不到的区域,可采用基于CORS的GPS静态测量方法。本文通过在实际工作中的试验与应用,得到这种模式下不同观测时长的几组数据,根据数据分析得出观测时长与数据精度的量化特征,给出这种模式适用的测绘项目,以及在实际作业中根据所需精度应选择的观测时长。     

湖北CORS系统在长江固定断面测量中的应用

CORS系统中的网络RTK技术是GPS—RTK技术的进一步延伸,采用网络通讯延伸了RTK的作业半径,具有明显的经济型与高效性。湖北省CORS系统于2010年12月全面建成,并投入使用,该系统覆盖湖北全境,可对湖北全境及周边地区用户自动提供经过检验的不同类型的GPS观测值、各种改正数、状态信息以及其他GPS服务项目。本文结合工程实例,详细介绍了湖北CORS系统在长江中下游河段固定断面测量中的具体应用。     

基于单机站CORS的矿区开采沉陷监测研究

随着互联网技术和GPS技术的发展,CORS已经逐步成为矿区测绘生产的主要方法,目前基于单基站CORS的RTK作业半径已经扩大到40 km,能够快速实现事后差分和厘米级实时定位,完全满足矿区开采沉陷监测的要求。本文针对基于单机站CORS的RTK作业范围广、精度高、可全天候单机作业等特点,结合工程实例探讨了单机站CORS在矿区开采沉陷监测中应用的可行性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。