三维前方交会在大型金属网架结构中的应用

探讨了三维前方交会法在大型无支撑金属网架结构屋面施工的质量监测方法,并对实测数据进行了分析,结果表明该方法保证施工质量,达到设计要求,为今后的安全运营提供了可靠的依据。同时为大型无支撑建筑屋顶的变形监测提供了一种测量监测依据。     

沪通长江大桥钢桁梁拼装测量技术探讨

公路铁路两用桥大跨径钢桁梁采用桥位高强度螺栓动态拼接,精度要求达亚毫米级,是测量技术的难点。以沪通长江大桥跨横港沙112m简支梁和跨天生港336m钢拱桥钢桁梁拼装为背景,从施工测量控制网布设及改造、GNSS网基线解算、工厂制造精度管理、高墩变形应对措施、TS30全站仪三维坐标法精度分析等方面,探讨了复杂施工条件下大跨径钢桁梁拼装测量技术。结果表明,控制网投影变形小于1mm,结构变形后平面点位中误差为±0.9mm,高程点位中误差为±0.4mm。沪通长江大桥钢桁梁拼装测量技术合理可行,可供同类型桥梁借鉴。     

利用全站仪进行大跨度网架沉降观测

大跨度钢制网架结构广泛应用于大型封闭场馆屋顶的建设中,为了解网架在施工的不同阶段和在使用运营的过程中出现的沉降变形情况,分析其安全稳定性,并及时加以维护,需要进行必要的定期沉降变形观测,但大跨度网架的搭建都比较高,与地面联系的通道一般只有梯子,水准仪及水准尺无法在其上面安放,由于其空间的特殊性,很难进行精密水准测量,本文提出一种观测方法解决该问题,即利用测角精度2"以内的全站仪通过三角高程测量的方法对网架进行沉降观测,并在实际工程中验证了该方法的可行性和可靠性,同时对精度进行了分析和论证,可以满足相关变形测量规范和网架设计方的要求。在该工程中作者运用了两个自己在平时工作中研发的软件,给数据处理带来了便捷和准确,高程基准点的二等水准测量使用了"PLS软件"记录和严密平差,沉降变形数据使用了"BXZS软件"处理,计算单次和累计沉降量及沉降速率,并自动绘制"沉降量-时间"曲线图,直观地反映出沉降量与时间的关系,是分析沉降稳定性的重要依据。     

单层球型网壳施工测量

空间球体结构的工程测量是当前测量工作中难度较大的一项内容。如何克服施工现场种种不利因素的影响,确保测量结果的精密、准确,从而保证整个工程质量,是目前众所关注的问题。本文针对座落在19.370米建筑物上,直径为30米的一个3/4球体单层网壳,通过对测量方案的研究分析及对网壳施工全过程实施的控制测量,以实际数据向大家展示了一个典型的工程实例,可供有关人员参考或进一步研究。     

大型钢结构变形测试方法的研究与实践

介绍了精密全站仪进行结构测试的原理和方法,通过对某大型游泳跳水馆钢结构网架在张拉和加载试验中的变形测量实践,证明其具有作业简便、能够全面反映结构变形情况之优点,且精度较高,成果可靠。     

论建筑结构测控人才的培养

建筑结构的施工过程实际上是一个不断测量和控制的过程.传统的测量课程强调"测",很少强调"控".根据建筑结构施工特点,结合实际施工案例,将"测"和"控"有机地结合起来,详细地论述建筑结构测控人才应具有的々业素质,进而对建筑结构测摔人才的培养方法提出自己的看法.     

GPS RTK的发展及其在公路测量中的应用

GPS RTK测量目前已能达到厘米级精度,已成为快速采集数据与定位的有效工具。从测量模式、数据链结构、技术特点等方面叙述GPS RTK技术的发展,讨论其在公路建设中绘制大比例尺地形图,公路控制测量,公路中线测设,公路纵、横断面测量,施工测量,机械化施工自动控制及变形监测等领域的应用。     

深基坑开挖对周围建筑物影响的监测

对目前沉降观测的内容、方法、要求、重要性以及步骤进行全面的论述,并结合实际建筑物的施工情况作进一步的说明分析。重点论述了建筑物金属网架结构变形监测系统如何布设、施测及变形分析。     

清河曲线斜拉桥施工测量控制技术研究

依据设计要求与工程特点,开展曲线斜拉桥施工测量控制网、施工测量技术、施工测量最佳时段的研究。研究与施工测量实际相结合,保证了清河曲线斜拉桥安全施工。     

香港宝莲寺天坛大佛的安装测量

本文介绍了香港宝莲寺天坛大佛概况、结构特点和安装的技术要求,以及建造过程所采用的各种测量技术手段。较详细的阐述了大佛预组装的施工总装工程独特的三维空间放样安装测量的控制系统、精度指标和测量方法,特别介绍了安装检核测量的重要性和安装定位的实际精度,总结了天坛大佛安装测量工程确保质量的技术措施、施工经验和体会。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。