评析DNA03高精度数字水准仪测量技术

本介绍了徕卡DNA03高度数字水准仪的原理、主要特点及应用程序，并对仪器进行了野外精度测试，得出了徕卡DNA03数字水准仪完全适用于精密水准测量的结论。     

应用数字水准仪进行长视距水准测量的研究

进行精密水准测量时,视距是制约生产效率的最关键因素。通过扩大数字水准仪条码尺的码宽,在满足精密水准测量精度的前提下,可以有效地扩大精密水准测量的视距。研究扩大条码尺码宽时数字水准仪的测量原理,并利用喷绘的条码尺进行初步试验。     

利用精密电子水准仪进行国家一等水准测量

随着电子水准仪的不断发展和完善,利用精密数字电子水准仪进行国家一等水准测量是我国进行高程控制测量发展的必然趋势,为了保证精度.本文从水准测量的作业流程出发,主要介绍了利用精密电子水准仪进行国家一等水准测量的基本要求及注意事项,并对其测量精度进行了分析.     

“摩托化精密水准测量”在国际上的应用

1762年,在东德德累斯顿工业大学Peschel教授的主持下开始了“摩托化水准测量”的初步试验。从1971年开始,这种带有一部仪器运输车和二部标尺运输车的摩托化水准测量设备与东德耶拿蔡司厂的Ni002精密补偿器水准仪结合,进行了精密水准测量实测。1979年东德耶套蔡司厂提供了配备运输车辆和水准仪的整套设备。     

浅析外界环境对数字水准测量的影响及对策

水准测量是确定地面点高程的最基本的一种测量方法。随着科学技术的发展，电子水准仪得到广泛的应用。本文以徕卡DNA03电子水准仪在京沪高速铁路TJ-Ⅳ标段的二等水准测量应用为例，分析外界环境对数字水准测量成果的影响，并提出自己的解决方法，削弱外界环境的影响，以提高测量成果的质量，并为以后水准测量工作积累经验。     

数字水准仪测量系统的最新发展现状

针对国内文献较少涉及国外数字水准仪发展现状这一问题,以国外最新材料为依据,介绍了自动化数字水准仪、图像全站仪读取条码尺进行精密水准测量、自发光条码尺及无因瓦带的精密发光条码尺等国外数字水准仪测量技术的最新进展状况,期望国外最新研究成果能够启迪我国测绘仪器研究领域的思路、促进我国测绘仪器生产厂家研发满足信息化测绘需求的新一代数字水准仪。     

新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的发明与实践

水准测量一直是获得地面点精密高差的重要手段,其测量速度慢、效率低也一直是困扰全球测量界的一大难题。为了提高水准测量的速度和效率,本文提出了新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的概念、结构、原理与方法。具体采用水准仪与标尺合二为一的一体化结构设计,将传统水准测量的3点互动配置改变为2点互动配置来提高测站仪器安置速度和地形适应能力;采用对偶测量原理将传统水准测量的单向单系统测量改变为对（双）向双系统测量来提高水准测量的精度及可靠性;采用正交二脚架及L型水准器来提高水准标尺及水准仪的安平速度。理论分析及初步实践表明：新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪与传统水准仪相比,水准测量效率可提高1倍以上,是目前世界上最快速、最智能、最精密的电子水准测量系统。高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的发明,将对全球大地及工程测量界产生重大及颠覆性的影响,将开启人类社会普及电子水准仪的新时代。     

静力水准测量在建筑物变形监测中的应用及精度分析

静力水准的原理、静力水准仪的安装和调试,静力水准测量沉降监测数据计算,并结合二等精密水准测量进行了比对。该方法具有外业操作简便,观测效率高,静力水准测量的精度和精密水准测量的精度相当,可以胜任精密水准测量二等的技术要求。     

浅谈精密水准测量仪器与施测

本介绍了一、二等水准测量以及特等精密水准仪测量中精密电子水准仪的精度分析和实现，提出了数据处理方法。     

DiNi12数字水准仪测量系统及其应用

阐述了 Di Ni12数字水准仪性的特点及工作原理 ,分析了几何位置法的量算原理以及该仪器在实际工作中应用的优越性     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。