北京房山岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素与微量元素特征及成因探讨

本文首次用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年法获得房山岩体主期侵入岩-花岗闪长岩的年龄为130．7±1．4Ma,证明房山岩体主体岩石形成于早白垩世。综合该岩体两期侵入宕的常量、微量、稀土元素和同位素及构造环境特征,发现房山岩体侵入岩具有许多与埃达克岩(adakite)极其相似的独特的岩石地球化学特征,但又与Defant和Drummond(1990)定义的典型埃达克岩(O型)有明显差别,与中国东部C型埃达克岩更为接近,或也称之为中国东部燕山期高Sr低Y型中酸性火成岩。本文通过房山岩体Sr、Nd、Pb同位素的系统研究,发现在143Nd／144Nd-87Sr／86Sr图解上,两期岩石投影点均落在EM Ⅰ型富集地幔范围之内,暗示其物质来源与富集地幔有关;钾长石Pb同位素特征也说明房山岩体岩浆来源与EM Ⅰ型富集地幔和下地壳关系密切。结合前人的碳、氢、氧同位素研究成果,认为房山岩体物质来源较深,与上地幔和下地壳有关。此外,发现房山岩体两期侵入岩的εNd(t)值(-13．6--14．2)远高于华北地台区古老下地壳的εNd(t)值(-32--44),而与汉诺坝二辉麻粒岩包体的εNd(t)值(-8--18)近似。由于现有的研究已确证汉诺坝二辉麻粒岩包体是由幔源基性岩浆在晚古生代-中生代时底侵到下地壳底部构成的年青下地壳的一部分,故推测房山岩体的物质来源与华北地台古老下地壳关系不大,而可能与年青下地壳关系密切。在此基础上,提出房山岩体两期岩石形成的两阶段模式:第一阶段可能发生于中生代早期,由于软流体 (层)上涌导致富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融生成带有富集地幔印记的玄武岩浆,该岩浆底侵到下地壳底部,冷却成为年青下地壳的一部分;第二阶段发生于中生代晚期,由于当时软流圈呈蘑菇云状大规模上升,热侵蚀面抬升到壳-幔过渡带,导致早中生代新底侵的玄武质下地壳在榴辉岩-麻粒岩相条件下部分熔融生成C型埃达克质岩浆(也即高Sr低Y型中酸性火成岩浆) 并上侵而成为房山岩体。     

房山侵入岩体高Sr低Y地球化学特征及其成因

房山侵入岩体及其微粒包体以高w(Sr)(400×10-6～1 126×10-6)、w(Sr)/w(Y)(一般≥40)、w(La)N/w(Yb)N(≥33),低w(Y)和w(Yb),Sr正异常,Eu弱负异常-正异常为特征.与典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征相似,Sr-Nd同位素特征与汉诺坝底侵玄武岩形成的下地壳麻粒岩包体以及华北克拉通中生代岩浆岩一致.研究表明:①房山侵入岩体及其微粒包体起源于增厚下地壳的部分熔融;②增厚的下地壳底部是具有Ⅰ型富集地幔特征的底侵玄武岩,是中生代华北岩石圈减薄与置换之后的新生下地壳的一部分.     

《地球化学》2001年(第30卷)总目次

第１期（化学地球动力学专辑）前言郑永飞峨眉山大火成岩省：地幔柱活动的证据及其熔融条件徐义刚，钟孙霖华北克拉通北缘晚中生代火山岩Sr－Nd－Pb同位素填图及其构造意义周新华，张国辉，杨进辉，等桂北新元古代两类过铝花岗岩的地球化学研究葛文春，李献华，李正祥，等中国东北麻山杂岩晚泛非期变质的锆石SHRIMP年龄证据及全球大陆再造意义…SimonAWilde，吴福元，张兴洲汉诺坝长英质麻粒岩包体同位素年代学及其地球动力学意义刘勇胜，高山，周炼，等粤西阳春中生代钾玄质侵入岩及其构造意义：Ⅱ．微量元素和Sr－Nd同位素地球化学…     

内蒙古集宁新生代玄武岩的地幔源区特征：元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学证据

内蒙古集宁玄武岩区位于华北克拉通北缘，东邻汉诺坝玄武岩区。由亚碱性的拉斑玄武岩及碱性的橄榄玄武岩、碧玄岩和碱玄岩组成。玄武岩的SiO2与TiO2含量分别为44．10～52．27wt．％和1．57～2．95wt．％，Mg^#（43—63）及Ni含量（27～210ppm）变化范围较大。集宁玄武岩的微量元素原始地幔标准化曲线及REE球粒陨石标准化曲线与OIB相似，Sr、Nd同位素比值显示了较汉诺坝玄武岩富集的特征。研究表明，虽然集宁玄武岩浆经历了一定程度的橄榄石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用，但微量元素及Sr、Nd、Ph同位素特征排除了幔源岩浆在喷发到地表过程中受到地壳物质显著混染的可能性。^143Nd／^144 Nd ^87Sr／^86Sr vs．^206Ph／^204Pb的线性相关性表明，集宁玄武岩至少来自两个地幔端元组分：EMI和PREMA，且端元组分与汉诺坝玄武岩相似。尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的低程度部分熔融（2～5％）熔体与石榴石二辉橄榄岩更低程度部分熔融（〈2％）熔体的混合，可以解释集宁玄武岩稀土元素的变化特征。推测EMI位于岩石圈地幔之内且源区深度〈70km，PREMA则来自软流圈地幔。集宁碱性玄武岩与亚碱性玄武岩之间的地球化学差异，可能只是来自岩石圈地幔的EMI型熔体和来自软流圈地幔的PREMA型熔体在形成玄武岩浆时参与混合的比例不同，暗示该地区的岩石圈地幔与软流圈地幔之间经历了强烈的相互作用。集宁玄武岩与汉诺坝玄武岩相似的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值及相关性，说明它们具有相似的地幔源区，汉诺坝玄武岩的地球化学差异同样可以用EMI与PREMA组分对岩浆贡献程度的不同来解释。     

牦牛坪稀土矿床碳酸岩Pb同位素地球化学

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床与稀土矿化时空密切共生的碳酸岩一正长岩碱性杂岩体的成岩时代为喜山期，碳酸岩呈脉状沿正长岩岩体中心侵入。两者具有相似的^206Pb／^204Pb和^208Pb／^204Pb比值，但碳酸岩^207Ph／^204Ph比值变化较大，且低于正长岩。这种差异并不能归因于地壳物质的混染作用，而是反映了地幔源区的特征。在Ph、Sr和Nd同位素图解中，矿区碳酸岩和正长岩显示低Ph，高Sr同位素的特征，部份碳酸岩Ph同位素落在MORB内，而Sr和Nd同位素明显不同于MORB，相对接近洋岛玄武岩的Ⅰ型富集地幔(EM1)。喜山期扬子板块呈楔形体插入龙门山地壳之中，受挤压的中下部地壳向前陆深处发生俯冲，并延伸至攀西裂谷顶部富集地幔体中，被交代的富集地幔经不同程度的和不连续的部份熔融作用形成碱性岩浆，整个演化过程导致了源区成份的不均一性。     

藏北祖尔肯乌拉山地区新生代高钾钙碱岩系火山岩同位素地球化学研究

通过对藏北祖尔肯乌拉山地区新生代高钾钙碱岩系火山岩Sr,Nd,Pb同位素成分的系统测试分析表明,火山岩具有相对高的^87Sr／^86Sr和低的^143Nd／^144Nd值及高的Pb同位素组成特点,且Sr,Nd,Pb同位素比值变化范围很窄,反映了其具有同源岩浆的特点,并且经历了类似的地球化学动力学过程。Sr,Nd,Pb同位素组成及相关图解判别表明,藏北祖尔肯乌拉山地区新生代高钾钙碱岩系火山岩来源于被大洋沉积物和地壳物质所混合的不均一富集地幔源区,显示源区具有壳幔混源性质,与EMⅡ型富集地幔源特征一致。     

华北地台部分麻粒岩地体及包体的地球化学特征对比

华北地台麻粒岩包体（汉诺坝）与麻粒岩地体（西望山、蔓菁沟）存在明显的岩石地球化学特征差异，麻粒岩包体总体成分偏基性，麻粒岩地体总体成分偏长英质。形成时间、空间及构造背景的不同是造成成分差异的重要因素。汉诺坝麻粒岩包体是在拉线环境下玄武质岩浆底侵下地壳后结晶分异过程中堆晶作用的结果，其主、微量元素成分受控于辉石和斜长石堆晶的相对比例；下地壳物质的混染作用不是造成麻粒岩包体Nb、Ta、Th、U亏损的惟一因素，底侵的玄武质岩浆可能发生了含钛矿物相的结晶分离，造成了汉诺坝麻粒岩包体Nb、Ta亏损，而下地壳的麻粒岩相变质作用则使Th、U发生亏损。麻粒岩地体存在两种不同性质的微量元素组成，反映了两种不同构造环境的并置，是构造挤压抬升的结晶。     

徐州利国早白垩世高镁埃达克质侵入岩的成因及其动力学、成矿意义

位于华北克拉通东南缘、郯庐断裂带西侧的利国岩体形成于白垩纪,由闪长玢岩及少量花岗闪长斑岩组成.与之伴生有一些铜-铁矿化.利国岩体的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似如,SiO2＞56%,较高Al2O3(13.69%～15.15%)、Sr(452×106～617×106)、Sr/Y(30～93)与La/Yb(8～24),但低Y(4.84×106～15.55×106).Vb(0.48×106～1.45×106),无明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.87～0.98).另外,根据其Mg4/5、FeOT/MgO值,又可以分为高锾、较高镁和低镁三类岩石.高镁的岩石类似于赞岐岩.利国埃达克质岩的(87Sr/86Sr)I=0.7055～0.7071,εNd(t)=-11.46～-4.64.不同于俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩.我们认为,利国较高镁和低镁埃达克质岩的形成可能与拆沉榴辉质下地壳熔融产生的熔体受到地幔橄榄岩不同程度的混染有关,但是高镁埃达克质岩可能由被拆沉下地壳熔融产生的熔体交代的地幔橄榄岩熔融形成.利国岩体可能是中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄的产物,并可能与郯庐断裂带的活动有关.拆沉榴辉质下地壳熔融产生的熔体与地幔橄榄岩的强烈相互作用可能导致地幔中金属硫化物的分解,并最终导致区内铜矿化.     

燕山期中国东部高原下地壳组成初探：埃达克质岩Sr、Nd同位素制约

大陆地壳组成是地球科学家关注的课题，但困难的是如何确定深部地壳，尤其是下地壳的组成。埃达克质岩的厘定从一个方面有助于这个难题的解决。中国东部“C型”埃达克质岩（adakite-like)的地球化学性质表明其形成的深度大，熔融的温度高，为下地壳中基性麻粒岩部分熔融的产物。因此，可以尝试通过埃达克质岩的地球化学特征来反演下地壳的组成。本文的初步研究表明，中国东部埃达克质岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成有很大的变化，反映埃达克质岩熔融的源区下地壳组成有明显的不同。根据埃达克质岩石的Sr-Nd同位素组成，推测中国东部高原下地壳大体由胶东－大别、北京－辽西和下扬子（长江中下游）3个不同的块体组成。1，胶东－大别区：胶东区的下地壳以富Si,Na2O/K2O低（0．8－1．3）、Isr高（0．709－0．712）、εNd(t)低（－15－－21）和TDM高（1．9－2．1Ga)为特征；大别区的Isr值较低，可能代表了中生代时基底的特征，大体相当于该区下地壳的上限值。2，下扬子区位于扬子地块内，中生代埃达克质岩的Sr初始值，εNd和TDM变化大，说明元古宙的下地壳基底中可能有较多年轻的玄武质岩石底侵加入。相比而言，铜陵区的Isr较高（0．707－0．709）、εNd(t)较低（－11－－16）、TDM高（1．7－2．2Ga)，接近扬子下地壳的特征。3，辽西－北京地区的Sr-Nd高位素组成以低的Isr(0.705-0.707)、变化的εNd(t)(-4--20)和TDM（0．7－2．1Ga)为特征，反映辽西－北京区下地壳组成比较复杂。其中北京－彰武地区的Sr-Nd同位素组成与汉诺坝玄武岩中的麻粒岩包体类似，远高于华北下地壳的εNd(t)值（－32－－44），推测埃达克质岩石并非来自古老的华北太古宙下地壳，而可能是中生代时增生在华北下地壳底部的年轻基性麻粒岩部分熔融形成的。此外，文中还讨论了用埃达克岩反演下地壳组成存在的不足。     

印支期南秦岭西茬河、五龙岩体成因及构造意义

南秦岭西茬河、五龙印支期岩体侵位于中元古代佛坪群变质岩,在五龙岩体南部发育一些暗色包体,它们和寄主花岗闪长岩界限明显或呈渐变关系。笔者对两岩体的岩石学、地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素年代学进行了详细研究。研究结果表明,西茬河与五龙花岗质岩具明显似埃达克岩的地球化学特征:强烈亏损重稀土元素Yb、Y:富集Sr、Ba,高Sr/Y和Y/Yb比值;Eu微弱负异常。表明源区以石榴石、角闪石为主,有少量斜长石。暗色包体富Mg(MgO=4.15%～8.13%)、Cr(14.8μg/g～371μg/g)、Ni(20.0μg/g～224μg/g)及轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,推测起源于地幔组分。两岩体的Sr-Nd同位素组成类似,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i=0.70445～0.70645,εNd=-1.50～-3.62,T_(DM)=1.02～1.38 Ga。结合前人的研究,笔者认为:西茬河、五龙岩体可能是由幔源岩浆底侵于壳幔边界,诱发增厚的基性下地壳达到含角闪石的榴辉岩相或麻粒岩相发生部分熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆。两岩体在部分微量元素含量的差异是由受地幔物质混染程度不同造成.其形成代表了秦岭造山带印支期后碰撞造山阶段勉略洋俯冲板块的断离作用.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an