Geological features and genesis of Gaotaigou borate deposit, Jilin, China

Gaotaigou borate deposit in Ji'an area, southeastern Jilin, is located in the easten end of Liaoning-Jilin (Liaoji)Proterozoic paleo-rift, which is a medium-sized deposit and makes up 67% of the total borate reserves in Jilin Province.The original borate ore bodies were formed by sedimentary exhalative process in Paleoproterozoic, but were activated and enriched by later metamorphism. In late stage of metamorphism, hydrothermal fluid of metamorphic origin made wallrocks be altered and the borate ore bodies be reformed. Ore bodies are strictly controlled by strata and their lithologies. In addition, the shape and spatial distribution of ore bodies are also defined by the Gaotaigou syncline. Combined with the ore-controlling factors and mineralizing features, it has been proposed that Gaotaigou borate deposit is a metamorphosed and hydrothermally altered sedimentary exhalative deposit.     

翁泉沟硼铁矿床地质特征

翁泉沟硼铁矿床赋存于早元古宙辽河群里尔峪组。原岩为一套在裂谷环境下形成的中酸性火山岩及碳酸盐岩。矿体的容矿岩石是镁质大理岩。矿体厚度与容矿岩石厚度呈正相关关系。矿石矿物有硼镁石、硼镁铁矿、遂安石等,伴生矿物达64种。根据矿石所含的矿物种类,翁泉沟硼铁矿床矿石类型可分为磁铁矿型、硼镁石型、硼镁石—磁铁矿型、含硼镁铁矿—硼镁石—磁铁矿型等4种类型。硼镁铁矿是在火山喷气和深海沉积作用下形成的层控火山沉积变质矿床。     

陕西凤县铅洞山铅锌矿床的矿石组构成因意义的分析

本矿床的矿石组构类型可概括为四类:同生沉积组构、成岩组构、后生叠加组构和后期变形改造组构。详细研究表明,以同生沉积和成岩作用形成的组构为主,如浸染状、层纹状、条带状、角砾状构造和莓球状、半自形细粒状结构等,其中部分受到后期构造变形改造、但后生成矿组构极为少见。矿床的地球化学特征研究提供了成矿物质来源于深部地层的信息。因此,从矿石组构特征及成矿物质来源两个方面分析,认为本矿床为海底喷流沉积—成岩弱改造型层控矿床.     

Geology and geochemistry of Huanggangliang stratabound skarn deposit in Inner Mongolia, China

Over the recent three decades,exploration of a large-size Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposit at the Huanggangliang, the Da Hinggan Mountains, Inner Mongolia, China, has been largely focused on the premise that the mineralization represents epigenetic magmatic hydrothermal ore deposit in genetic connection with the Mesozoic magmatism. The Huanggangliang Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposits occurred in Permian strata, with siltstone/marble of the Zhesi Formation and spilite/andesite/tuff of the Dashizhai Formation. The characteristics of geological and geochemical data demonstrated that sedimentary hydrothermal mineralization occurred during the basin evolution at the Permian, rather than representing epigenetic magmatic hydrothermal genesis with the following evidences. The ore-bearing skarns are stratiform with underlying metasedimentary rocks and overlying volcanic sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary hydrothermal textures and structures are observed in the stratabound ore-bearing skarn such as bedded-laminated skarn and magnetite ores with small-size folding or soft deformation, synsedimentary breccia of skarn and magnetite ores and concentric shell structure of magnetite ores. So the stratabound ore-bearing skarns associated with magnetite ore and micro-disseminated tin, are peculiar examples of exhalite. The REE contents of the stratabound ore-bearing skarns display ΣLREE-rich (36.91×10-6) but ΣHREE-depletion (6.42×10-6), with positive Eu anomaly (Eu/ Eu 1.28) and negative Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce 0.88), which is totally different from REE pattern of the Huanggang magmatic rocks(with ΣREE 277.73×10-6, ΣLREE 220.24×10-6, ΣHREE 57.49×10-6, Eu/Eu 0.06, Ce/ Ce 1.52), which is comparable with modern sea-floor hydrothermal fluid,sedimentary hydrothermal ore deposit and associated hydrothermal sedimentary rocks. Calcite samples with δ13CPDB from -5.400 ‰ to -4.397 ‰ and δ18OSMOW from 9.095 ‰ to 9.364 ‰ in the stratabound ore-bearing skarns show sedimentary hydrothermal genesis of the Huanggangliang deposit. This proposition is useful not only for interpretation of the genesis of the Huanggangliang large Sn-Fe polymetallic ore deposit but also significant for mineral exploration in the area especially for finding large deposits caused by sedimentary exhalative mineralization processes.     

桐木沟热水沉积铅锌矿床同位素地球化学特征

本文探讨了东秦岭桐木沟热水沉积铅锌矿床中碳、氧、硫、锶和铅等同位素的地球化学特征。结果表明:碳、氧和硫分别源于海相碳酸盐和海水硫酸盐;铅和锶源于基底地层。     

山东省韩旺条带状铁矿床地质特征及其成矿地质条件分析

山东省沂源县韩旺铁矿是华北克拉通一大型条带状铁矿床,铁矿层赋存于新太古代泰山岩群雁翎关组上部的变质岩系中。矿体规模较大,断续延伸近8 000m,单矿层厚度一般1～25m。矿体总体呈单斜层状产出,矿石为硅质和铁质相间排列构成的条纹—条带状构造。含矿岩性主要为含磁铁斜长角闪片岩、含磁铁石英角闪片岩及片麻岩类,原岩属于中基性的火山岩和火山沉积岩类。结合近些年来国内外学者在研究前寒武纪BIF铁矿年代学、同位素地球化学与成矿作用方面取得的最新进展,认为韩旺铁矿沉积成矿时代为～2.6Ga,矿床形成于海洋化学沉积环境,成矿物质来源具有明显的火山物质贡献特征,矿床的形成与华北地区太古宙克拉通化形成的稳定沉积环境以及微生物的参与是密不可分的。     

莱州市土山东宋铁矿地质特征

通过近几年的地质找矿工作,莱州市土山-东宋地区发现了中型变质沉积铁矿床.矿床产于古元古代粉子山群小宋组二段底部的含铁岩系.矿石工业类型为需选弱磁性铁矿石,主要成因类型为磁铁黑云片岩型、磁铁变粒岩型.矿床范围内共划分了5个矿段40个矿体.该文以此为基础,对矿区地质特征进行分析研究,以期促进山东省铁矿地质勘查工作的开展.     

周至马鞍桥金矿床成矿控制条件及找矿标志

马鞍桥金矿床是产于南秦岭泥盆系中的大型微细浸染型金矿，沉积—叠加改造成矿特征典型。矿体沿上泥盆统上部层位稳定分布，多与围岩整合产出。矿石类型有破碎蚀变岩型、蚀变千枚岩型、炭质片岩型和含金石英脉型。矿石构造有浸染状、细脉浸染状、细脉状和角砾状。矿物成分主要为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和石英、绢云母等，金主要呈显微金、超显微金分布于矿物粒间或被吸附于矿物表面。矿床由多种地质作用经过多期多阶段形成，主要受构造、沉积地层和岩浆活动控制。区域性大型韧性剪切带控制金矿带、金矿区的展布，地区性二级脆性断裂控制金矿床的范围，局部的更次级层间破碎带、断裂裂隙带控制矿体的就位。含了地层为矿床形成提供了主要的成矿物质。岩浆活动为形成合矿流体提供了热源并是热液运移的主要热动力。     

山东省兰陵县小闫庄铁矿床地质特征及找矿方向

小闫庄铁矿位于鲁西苍峄铁矿带中部,属"鞍山式"沉积变质型铁矿床,矿体隐伏于地下90~403m,赋存于新太古代泰山岩群山草峪组地层中。矿床由2个矿体组成,矿体呈鞍状、似层状近平行产出,矿体的展布受石闫背斜控制,走向NW,倾向S或N,倾角33°~52°。含矿岩石为磁铁角闪石英岩及磁铁石英角闪岩,黑云变粒岩与黑云角闪片岩为矿体顶底板围岩,矿石工业类型为需选弱磁性贫铁矿石。在阐述小闫庄铁矿床地质特征基础上,总结出铁矿找矿标志,建立了预测找矿模型,探讨了矿床成因,为区域内寻找同类型铁矿具有一定借鉴意义。     

兖州市颜店矿区洪福寺铁矿床地质特征

洪福寺铁矿床处于济宁磁异常的北端,为隐伏矿床,埋深1000 m左右,赋存于新太古代济宁岩群浅变质岩中。该矿床发育11个铁矿体,矿体呈层状、似层状产出,产状与地层产状基本一致,探明的铁矿石资源量6.22亿t,平均品位TFe28.42%,mFe20.96%。矿床规模大、埋藏深,矿体形态和结构较简单,厚度较稳定,品位变化不大,矿石属于需选贫铁矿石。该矿床的勘探表明了分布于鲁西地区的新太古代济宁岩群存在较大规模的变质沉积铁矿,为该地区铁矿勘查开阔了空间。     

沂源县下沟铁矿地质特征及找矿方向

下沟铁矿位于中朝准地台鲁西断隆东部边缘,沂沭断裂带西侧,为一中型鞍山式铁矿床。矿体赋存于泰山岩群雁翎关岩组变质岩系中,该组为一套基性超基性海底火山喷发沉积建造。矿体分布面积0.27km2,走向长225～1240m,最大控制斜深422m,TFe平均品位35.49%,品位变化均匀,矿体由多个带状矿层组成,后期岩体侵入分割成3个矿段。矿石自然类型为细粒条带状磁铁石英角闪岩型,矿石铁品位较高,具有较大的经济价值和科研价值。     

青城子矿田高家堡子大型金银多金属矿床成因机制

高家堡子大型金银多金属矿床是近年发现的新类型矿床。地球化学、稳定同位素和稀土地球化学等方面的研究表明,高家堡子金银多金属矿床是多成因复合矿床。元古宙时期,辽东裂谷收缩阶段,产生了火山喷流作用,形成了金银多金属矿源层;韧性剪切作用导致矿源层中分散的金、银、多金属元素产生活化、富集作用,形成了矿脉和矿层;印支—燕山期岩浆作用又使早期形成的矿源层或矿体进一步富集,最后形成矿床。因此,高家堡子矿床属韧性剪切－火山喷流沉积－中低温岩浆热液叠加型矿床。     

四川石棉独立碲矿床蚀变岩的地质地球化学研究

四川石棉大水沟独立碲矿床堪称世界首例，其矿体两侧的围岩蚀变较窄，且蚀变带与矿脉及未蚀变岩呈清楚而截然的接触关系。主要围岩蚀变为白云石化、白（绢）云母化、云英岩化及电气石化等。这些蚀变作用分别发生于１７７．７～１６５．１Ｍａ和９１．７１～８０．１９Ｍａ。蚀变作用过程中ＳｉＯ２大量析出，Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｎＯ则有不同程度地带入。与此同时，ＲＥＥ在此过程中包集体迁出，Ｔｅ、Ｂｉ、ＡＳ等元素的含量则决定于蚀变作用及其强度，而与原岩无关。     

内蒙古阿拉善左旗古腊布陶勒盖金矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨

古腊布陶勒盖金矿床位于阿拉善地块巴彦乌拉山中段,金矿体均受韧性剪切带及EW向、NE向、近SN向断裂控制。赋矿层位为褐红色赤铁矿化绢云母石英糜棱岩,不论是石英脉型金矿,还是蚀变岩型金矿均产于这类岩石中,具有一定的层控特征。矿床经过了中元古代原始沉积地层预富集,后期经过改造富集形成了现在的金矿体。脉内矿物中强烈的热液蚀变和矿石中浸染状、角砾状的构造,显示了岩浆热液矿床的特征。在前人研究的基础上,综合分析区内花岗斑岩和矿床特征,认为古腊布陶勒盖金矿床是古亚洲洋整体于三叠纪闭合、石炭纪末期至三叠纪发育了古亚洲地区规模宏大的成矿事件的响应,矿床类型应为花岗岩叠加改造的韧性剪切带金矿。     

苍峄铁矿带成矿控矿规律及成矿模式探讨

山东省苍峄地区铁矿资源丰富,是典型的"鞍山式"铁矿成矿区。先后发现和评价了多处大中型铁矿床。该文在介绍苍峄铁矿带成矿地质特征基础上,将其分为5个含矿带,矿体赋存于泰山岩群山草峪组中上部,严格受山草峪组地层控制,展布形态受太白向斜和石闫背斜两褶皱构造的控制,断层构造破坏了赋矿构造及矿体的连续性,间接控制了铁矿体的赋存和分布。原岩建造为基性火山岩-中酸性火山岩-粉砂岩-硅铁质建造,属火山活动间歇期成矿。分析认为成矿物质来源与海底火山活动密切相关,遭受后期变质作用后成矿物质富集,为沉积变质铁矿床产于以黑云变粒岩为主并夹有角闪质岩石等岩层的铁矿,铁矿沉积后,受后期强烈构造-热液改造叠加,矿体形态以似层状、透镜状为主。向斜构造是矿体富集保存的最佳构造模式,接近向斜核部矿体厚度增大,品位也有增高趋势。     

山东苍山县凤凰山铁矿铁品位统计分析

凤凰山铁矿床位于苍峄铁矿带东南延伸部位,为隐伏矿床,赋存于泰山岩群山草峪组地层中,由太白向斜构造控制。矿床发育南北2条主矿带,赋存矿体5个,规模为中-偏大型沉积变质铁矿。利用该矿区25个钻孔的915件样品的铁品位数据,采用垂向100m的间距分析其品位的平均值、标准差、变异系数和大于工业品位的矿石所占比例等统计参数,探讨了矿体厚度与品位的相关关系以及在走向上的品位变化。研究发现:沿垂向存在2个矿化富集地段,分别为-200～-300m和-500～-600m;沿走向以中部为矿化富集地段。南北2个矿化带厚度与品位沿走向及倾向具有不同的相关变化。     

浅析四道沟金矿矿床成因及找矿方向

四道沟金矿是地质条件较为复杂的矿床，对其成因问题前人观点众说不一。比较典型的主要有岩浆热液成因和沉积变质成因，成因不同直接影响着找矿方向。根据矿床地质特征和工作实践认为：该矿床成因应为沉积变质－ 岩浆热液叠加改造型矿床。所以沉积变质和岩浆热液成矿的有利条件均应成为找矿的主要方向。据此开展的找矿工作已初步获得突破性进展。     

山东兰陵会宝岭铁矿深部矿体特征及找矿方向

会宝岭铁矿为隐伏矿床,发育2条主矿带,矿带总体走向280°～290°,平行展布,相向而倾,表现为不对称向斜构造特征。两条矿带包含南北两翼5个矿体,其南翼矿带沿走向自西向东具有逐渐变宽的趋势,而北翼矿带自西向东则有收缩变窄的趋势。矿床赋存于泰山岩群山草峪组中,产状与地层产状基本一致,上覆盖层为青白口纪至早寒武纪沉积地层。矿带顶底板围岩为黑云变粒岩或黑云角闪片岩。本文在全面总结分析会宝岭铁矿床以往成果资料和找矿方法的基础上,分析了区域成矿规律,研究了矿区内构造对铁矿的控制规律,探讨了铁矿床成因,确定了区内主要找矿标志,建立了勘查模型,指出了找矿方向。     

济宁市汶上泰山岩群张楼铁矿床特征及成因探讨

鲁西地区济宁汶上张楼铁矿床位于著名的汶上东平成矿带,广泛发育前寒武纪条带状铁建造( BIF),赋矿层位为泰山岩群山草峪组,岩性以黑云变粒岩为主,次为黑云角闪片岩,黑云斜长片麻岩、片岩,条带、条纹状磁铁石英岩,BIF与其形成均为新太古代晚期。矿床由4条矿带22个矿体组成,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出,矿石的矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿,其次为少量的赤铁矿、褐铁矿、黄铁矿等,常见矿石的结构主要为粒状变晶结构,次为鳞片粒状变晶结构。类型归属海相火山沉积变质铁矿床类型中的变质铁硅建造铁矿,即鞍山式铁矿。     

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of vein-type lead-zinc mineralization of Xiaohongshilazi deposit,Jilin Province,China

The Xiaohongshilazi mineral deposit in Jilin Province,China,is located in the accretion zone in the northern margin of the North China Block. The deposit contains two types of ore bodies: layered Pb-Zn ore bodies in volcanic rock and vein-hosted Pb-Zn ore bodies controlled by fractures. The vein Pb-Zn ore bodies are strictly controlled by tectonic fracture zones trending in S-N direction,which comprise sulfide veins or sulfidebearing quartz veins distributed along faults or structural fissures. The ores mainly appear mesh-vein and vein structures,and also show solid-solution separation and metasomatic textures. The metal minerals are mainly sphalerite,galena,and pyrite,etc. Wall-rock alteration includes mainly sericitization,chloritization,silicification and carbonatization,etc. Microscope observations and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the oreforming fluid of the vein Pb-Zn ore bodies was mainly magmatic water with low temperature,low salinity,and a shallow depth of metallogenesis( ~ 1.5 km). Sulfur and lead isotope analyses indicate that the sulfide source is mainly formation sulfur or biogenic sulfur,which is similar to the sulfur source of hydrothermal deposit( negative( δ~(34) S values),while the main Pb source was the upper crust with some mantle input. This article argues that the vein Pb-Zn ore body of the Xiaohongshilazi deposit is a low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal vein type related to the formation of a shallow magma chamber.