甘肃省矿山地质灾害及其基本特征

甘肃是矿产资源大省,矿产开发利用规模大、强度高,因而矿山地质环境问题突出,其中矿山地质灾害的危害和威胁尤其严重。本文基于实际调查数据,论述分析了甘肃省矿山地质灾害的主要类型、基本特征及其危害特点。根据调查结果,甘肃省主要发育五类矿山地质灾害:采空地面塌陷、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和矿坑突水。在这五类灾害中,采空地面塌陷分布最广、造成的直接经济损失最严重,滑坡发生频次高、造成人员伤亡最大,矿坑突水灾害分布范围、发生频次和危害程度相对最低。各类灾害的分布和发育特征受地质环境条件及矿山开采规模和开采方式的控制,灾害的危害特点与其分布和发育特征和活动特点有关。     

云南省云龙县地质灾害调查与评价

云龙县地处横断山脉中段,地势险峻,地质环境条件复杂,滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害频繁。该文根据地质灾害防治规划成果,总结了灾害的危害、分布特征、形成条件和影响因素,并提出了防治对策。     

中国矿山地质灾害分布特征

矿山地质灾害是人类矿业活动和自然地质作用作用于地质环境造成的灾害事件。近几年,随着矿产资源开发力度的不断加大,矿山地质灾害发生频率呈加剧趋势,对矿业正常生产和人居生态环境构成严重的威胁,甚至造成重大的群死群伤灾难。依据2002—2005年全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）矿山地质环境调查与评估的成果资料,利用数据统计、分析、总结的方法,按不同省区市、不同地质环境背景区、不同类型矿产、不同规模的矿山、不同开采方式,简述了中国矿业开发引发的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝5种地质灾害的时空分布特征和危害,为矿山地质灾害监测、防治提供基础信息。     

中国矿山地质灾害分布特征

矿山地质灾害是人类矿业活动和自然地质作用作用于地质环境造成的灾害事件。近几年,随着矿产资源开发力度的不断加大,矿山地质灾害发生频率呈加剧趋势,对矿业正常生产和人居生态环境构成严重的威胁,甚至造成重大的群死群伤灾难。依据2002—2005年全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）矿山地质环境调查与评估的成果资料,利用数据统计、分析、总结的方法,按不同省区市、不同地质环境背景区、不同类型矿产、不同规模的矿山、不同开采方式,简述了中国矿业开发引发的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝5种地质灾害的时空分布特征和危害,为矿山地质灾害监测、防治提供基础信息。     

四川康定捧塔乡金平电站滑坡成因分析

2010年6月14日23：30左右,四川省甘孜州康定捧塔乡金平电站施工现场在无征兆情况下突发了山体滑坡,致使临时施工营地工棚被掩埋,共造成23人死亡,7人受伤。通过对滑坡形成的地质条件分析,认为滑坡形成的山体斜坡的地形坡度42°～45°是控制滑坡形成的临空条件;滑坡松散体是滑坡形成的物质基础,致使滑坡滑动的诱发因素是连续强降雨。建议在地质灾害频发区实行资格准入和监测预警制度,避免滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害发生时致人群死群伤事件的发生。     

河北省泥石流分布特征及防治对策

河北省地质环境条件复杂,灾害种类多,分布广,危害大。泥石流灾害以其数量大,爆发集中,成为危害最为严重的山区灾害之一。本文依据山区县市地质灾害调查与区划统计数据,对危害较重泥石流灾害发育特征和分布规律进行了初步分析,阐明了泥石流灾害与自然背景地质环境以及人为因素之间的关系,并据此提出了防治对策建议。     

滑坡地质灾害治理工程勘查的实践——以浙江省余姚市大俞村滑坡为例

通过大俞村滑坡灾害勘查方法、地质环境条件的论述,通过滑坡形成原因和机理的分析、滑坡体发生、发展趋势的预测、滑坡体的稳定性和危害程度的评价和计算等,阐述了滑坡地质灾害勘查的一般步骤和内容,对同类工作具有借鉴意义。     

深圳斜坡类地质灾害特征及成因分析

崩塌和滑坡是深圳主要的地质灾害类型.在研究地质环境的基础上,使用地质灾害调查资料,从空间分布、时间分布、灾害规模、灾害要素等方面总结深圳崩塌、滑坡的规律和特征,从地质、地貌、气候条件和人类活动程度方面分析其成因.     

兰州城区黄土斜坡地质灾害影响因素分析

兰州城区地质环境条件复杂,对地质环境扰动的人类建设工程活动强烈,引发城市南北两山斜坡区段地质灾害频发。对地质灾害分布规律和发育特征分析后认为,地形、岩土体类型、地质构造是崩塌、滑坡灾害发生的控制因素,降水和人类工程活动是崩塌、滑坡灾害发生的主要引发因素。     

浅议滑坡对铁路工程的危害及防治

滑坡是对铁路线路威胁最大的地质灾害。我国山区面积广大,地质和地形复杂,地质灾害类型众多。通过实例分析滑坡对铁路工程的主要影响,进一步认识到滑坡对铁路工程危害的严重程度,提出铁路尽量避让滑坡体,对滑坡体地表及地下水做好排水,采取减重与压脚、抗滑挡墙、抗滑桩、改善滑动带等措施减少或避让灾害发生,保证铁路经济命脉正常运行。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an