氮和枯落物添加对闽江河口湿地土壤CO_2释放的影响

土壤CO_2释放是土壤碳转化的关键过程。氮(N)添加及植物枯落物的分解对湿地土壤CO_2释放速率有显著影响,在全球大气CO_2浓度和气候变化中具有重要作用。本研究选取闽江河口湿地土壤为研究对象,通过24 d的短期培养实验,研究不同氮浓度和不同枯落物添加对闽江河口湿地土壤CO_2释放速率的影响。结果表明:(1)短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)两种植物枯落物添加处理显著促进了湿地土壤CO_2释放速率(P0.05),也显著增加了闽江河口湿地土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和pH(P0.05)。两种枯落物添加处理下,培养初期(0～9 d)枯落物可溶性有机碳快速释放和pH升高可能是导致土壤CO_2释放峰值时间提前的主要因素。(2)枯落物添加后不同浓度氮输入对湿地土壤CO_2释放速率均具有显著影响(P0.001),但两种枯落物对土壤CO_2释放速率的影响并无显著差异(P0.05)。土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物量氮(MBN)的变化是影响不同枯落物在氮添加后培养前、后期土壤CO_2释放差异的重要原因。     

闽江河口湿地螃蟹对枯落物分解的影响

以闽江河口互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)湿地为研究区,在高潮滩与中潮滩设置有螃蟹影响与无螃蟹影响样地,采用分解袋法,从枯落物的分解速率、枯落物碳氮元素的变化方面,揭示螃蟹对闽江河口鳝鱼滩湿地中潮滩和高潮滩互花米草枯落物分解的影响。结果表明:1)高潮滩和中潮滩螃蟹组枯落物分解速率分别为0.004 7 d~(-1)和0.004 3 d~(-1),分解95%的干物质所需要的时间分别为1.09 a和1.11 a,高潮滩和中潮滩对照组(无螃蟹)枯落物分解速率分别为0.003 1 d~(-1)和0.003 3 d~(-1),分解95%的干物质的时间分别为1.58 a和1.43 a,螃蟹组分解速率略高于对照组(P0.05);2)在0~282 d,高潮滩和中潮滩螃蟹组的植物残体碳含量总体低于对照组,螃蟹组促进了枯落物碳的净释放;不同处理下枯落物氮含量虽呈波动变化,但NAI值均小于100%,氮元素发生了净释放。     

三江平原小叶章湿地枯落物和根分解及其硫元素释放动态

在三江平原小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)典型草甸湿地和小叶章沼泽化草甸湿地中,利用分解袋法研究了小叶章的枯落物和根的分解及其硫元素释放动态。结果表明,在两种类型湿地中,小叶章枯落物和根的分解模式相同,都为快、慢交替的变化模式;但它们的分解速率不同,其原因主要是两种湿地的微环境和分解袋的投放方式不同。经过450 d的分解之后,在小叶章典型草甸和小叶章沼泽化草甸湿地中,小叶章枯落物的干物质损失率分别为32.31%和36.10%,相应的分解速率分别为0.0005797 d-1和0.0006321 d-1,而小叶章根的干物质损失率分别为60.75%和33.68%,其相应的分解速率分别为0.00153 d-1和0.0006412 d-1。在两种类型湿地中,小叶章枯落物和根中的总硫含量都呈波动性变化,小叶章枯落物中硫的释放模式为淋溶、固持、释放,根中硫的释放模式为固持、释放,C/S比值是影响硫发生固持或释放的主要因素。     

三江平原湿地小叶章各器官主要营养元素特征

选择生长在三江平原湿草甸和沼泽化草甸上的小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)为研究对象,在2004～2008年小叶章生长季,测定了其根、茎、叶和叶鞘内的有机碳含量、全氮含量、全磷含量和全硫含量,研究了小叶章体内营养元素含量特征及其生长限制元素。结果表明,在两种类型湿地上生长的小叶章,其体内各器官的有机碳含量、全氮含量、全磷含量和全硫含量都存在差异;两种类型湿地的小叶章地上部分各器官中,全氮含量、全磷含量和全硫含量都是在叶中最大,其次为叶鞘、茎;湿草甸小叶章根营养元素含量明显低于其地上部分各器官,而沼泽化草甸小叶章则相反;两种类型湿地上的小叶章地上部分器官中的各营养元素含量之间多存在显著相关关系,而根中各元素含量之间几乎不相关;氮是限制小叶章生长发育的最主要的营养元素;湿草甸小叶章相对更易受到硫元素的限制。     

三江平原湿地主要优势植物枯落物分解过程与能量动态研究

应用分解袋法对三江平原3种湿地植物小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)、毛苔草(Carex lasiocarpa)和漂筏苔草(Carex pseudocuraica)枯落物分解过程及能量动态进行了研究。结果表明,随着分解的进行,3种湿地植物枯落物失重率呈增加趋势,平均失重率从高到低的顺序是:漂筏苔草[(23.20±5.92)%]、小叶章[(22.85±5.09)%]、毛苔草[(21.47±4.88)%]。枯落物干重热值呈降低的变化趋势,分解初期干重热值降低的速率较大,随分解的进行,干重热值变化趋于平缓。其平均干重热值从高到低的顺序是:漂筏苔草[(16696.22±459.35)J/g]、小叶章[(16575.39±522.36)J/g]、毛苔草[(16488.46±227.79)J/g]。枯落物能量损失率呈增加的趋势,平均能量损失率从高到低的顺序是:漂筏苔草(26.54%)、小叶章(26.39%)、毛苔草(24.10%)。相关分析研究表明,能量损失率与失重率之间具有极显著的正相关关系(n=24,p<0.01),而与干重热值之间呈显著的负相关关系(n=24,p<0.01)。     

三种水生植物枯落物分解特征与人工湿地渗透系数

于2015年5月6日,开展模拟人工湿地实验,研究美人蕉(Canna indica)、芦苇(Phragmites australias)和香蒲(Typha orientalis)地上部分(茎、叶)和地下部分(根)枯落物的分解特征及其对人工湿地渗透系数的影响。结果表明,在枯落物分解期间,美人蕉茎、叶枯落物的分解率最大,其次为芦苇的,香蒲的最小;在分解的第302天,香蒲、美人蕉和芦苇根枯落物的分解率分别为90.6%、89.3%和73.4%,美人蕉、芦苇和香蒲茎、叶枯落物的分解率分别为93.1%、54.7%和51.4%,美人蕉茎、叶枯落物分解率高与其初始氮含量较高和木质素含量较低有关。3种水生植物枯落物的分解率与植物枯落物中的碳氮比显著负相关(p0.01),与木质素与氮之比显著负相关(p0.05)。与未添加水生植物枯落物的人工湿地相比,添加香蒲、美人蕉和芦苇茎、叶枯落物的人工湿地渗透系数分别下降了24.1%、16.7%和23.4%。在人工湿地中,种植木质素含量低的美人蕉,有利于缓解人工湿地堵塞。     

小叶章对氮沉降的生理生态响应

在非淹水(W1)和淹水(W2)条件下,分4个氮处理[分别相当于氮沉降率0 g/(m2·a)、1 g/(m2·a)、3 g/(m2·a)和5 g/(m2·a)]模拟了氮沉降对三江平原典型湿地植物小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)生长及其碳、氮代谢等生理生态指标的影响.结果表明,随着氮沉降量的增加,小叶章的叶面积、株高、植株分蘖数、生物量(叶、茎、根)均呈增加趋势.两种水分条件下,氮沉降处理平均小叶章叶绿素、叶片可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量分别较对照处理增长20.37%、10.52%和19.18%,而可溶性糖含量则下降了14.69%.1 g/(m2·a)、3 g/(m2·a)和5 g/(m2·a)氮沉降处理的净同化率分别为对照处理的1.10倍、2.80倍和3.81倍.与非淹水条件相比,淹水条件下小叶章对氮沉降率的适应能力较强,氮沉降显著促进了小叶章的碳、氮代谢水平.     

不同水淹环境下河口感潮湿地枯落物分解及营养动态

采用分解袋法,以我国东南沿海典型的感潮河口--闽江河口最大的鳝鱼滩湿地为研究区域,选取2个潮水水淹环境差异显著的地段(一个为近潮沟地段,另一个为远潮沟地段)为研究样地,对闽江河口主要的本地种芦苇、短叶茳芏及外来人侵种互花米草枯落物分解过程及影响因素进行研究,结果表明:(1)经常性的潮汐水淹对3种植物枯落物分解速率的影响不显著;(2)经常性的潮汐水淹促进了短叶茳芏和互花米草枯落物N、P元素的损失,但对芦苇的影响不大;(3)在2种不同的水淹环境,3种植物枯落物分解速率由快到慢的顺序均是短叶茳芏>互花米草>和芦苇,分解速率在0.003166～0.005280 d-1之间,95%干物质分解需要的时间在1.56～2.61 a之间;(4)C浓度基本稳定,N浓度呈上升趋势,总N在研究末期表现为净损失,P浓度呈较大的波动,总P在研究末期也表现为净损失;(5)具有最低C/P的短叶茳芏枯落物分解速率最快.     

吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征

湿地土壤有机碳、氮和磷含量变化显著影响着湿地生态系统的生产力。为阐明吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤养分的空间分布特征,以吉林省敦化市4种典型山地沼泽湿地：落叶松-苔草湿地(T1)、莎草湿地(T2)、小叶章-甜茅湿地(T3)和沼泽化草甸湿地(T4)为研究对象,研究了土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量及其化学计量比的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：4种山地沼泽湿地类型土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量均值分别为343.11 mg/g、28.03 mg/g和4.00 mg/g,变异系数为有机碳(9.26%)<全氮(16.52%)<全磷(48.64%)。在0~40 cm土层内, T1、T2和T3土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量随土壤深度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,在10~20 cm土层出现累积峰; T4土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量随土壤深度的增加而减少。土壤有机碳、全氮含量的变化趋势为T1相似文献   

草原凋落物的分解及营养元素的释放和累积

草原凋落物的分解是草原生态系统物质循环的主要环节, 其中植物营养元素的释放和累积对退化草场恢复的进程和质量有着重要意义。本文从凋落物自身的性质、外部环境因素(生物及非生物因子)、混合效应等对凋落物分解速率的影响以及凋落物分解时植物营养元素的释放和累积两个方面论述了国内外对草原凋落物的分解及营养元素的生物地球化学行为的研究现状。一般情况下, 草原凋落物分解速率与凋落物自身的N、P、K等元素含量正相关, 与C/N、C/P、木质素、纤维素等的比值或含量值负相关, 而与周围环境中营养元素的组成及含量的关系不大。混合凋落物中不同种类凋落物的N、P含量及物种丰富度影响着非加性效应作用的效果。在凋落物分解过程中, 总体趋势表现为分解初级阶段对N的积累, 对P 和K的释放, 而对Na、Ca、Mg等营养元素来说, 随物种和根茎叶等部位的不同规律也不一样。凋落物中各元素的含量、凋落物分解阶段、物种类型、非加性效应、土壤环境等都是影响其营养元素释放和累积的因素。据此, 本文展望了草原凋落物未来可能的研究方向, 指出多因子的交互作用对草原凋落物分解的影响、凋落物混合分解机制探究、某些大量及微量营养元素的释放和累积可能是未来需要研究的重点。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)