二维地震法在西岗子煤田普查中的地质解释

西岗子煤盆地处于俄罗斯结雅一布列亚含煤区结雅煤盆地西缘,沉积中心在俄罗斯镜内。出露地层有下石炭统库纳尔河组板岩、千枚岩、石英片岩。下白垩统龙江组安山质火山角砾岩、凝灰砾岩。九峰山组凝灰砂岩夹中基性火山岩、砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩及煤线。甘河组安山岩、安山玄武岩、玄武岩。西岗子组砾岩、     

宝清县锅盔山地区地质特征及找矿潜力分析

一、地质背景 宝清县锅盔山地区地层属兴凯湖一布列亚山地层区;佳木斯一虎林分区;宝清小区;出露地层以下元古界兴东群大盘道组的黑云角闪斜长变粒岩、矽线堇青钾长变粒岩、黑云矽线片岩、石英片岩、大理岩为主。零星分布白垩系上统松木河组的流纹岩,英安岩及其凝灰角砾岩、角砾熔岩夹安山岩、珍珠岩等。     

新疆金山沟巴塔玛依内山组火山岩及地球化学特征

早石炭世巴塔玛依内山组为一套陆相火山岩,下部以基性熔岩为主,上部以中酸性、酸性火山碎屑岩为主.岩石地球化学研究表明,区内火山岩呈高铝玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩钙碱性系列的演化趋势.从基性岩到酸性岩稀土模式相似,但铕负异常愈加明显.火山活动与金银矿成矿关系密切,玄武岩类、火山碎屑岩类Au、Ag、As含量较高,可能是成矿物源.     

大兴安岭火山岩带内部山间盆地型沉积物特征及意义

厚度104．2m，总体为一套细卵石一中（细）砾岩，夹玄武质沉凝灰角砾岩（厚4．6）、凝灰质砂岩（1．1m）。垂向层序表现为向上变细型正旋回结构，具有平行层理及冲刷构造。砾岩的颜色为暗紫——褐色，呈孔隙式胶结，分选差，砾石含量大于70％，砾石圆度及球度好，成分以玄武岩、安山岩、砂岩、花岗岩及变火山岩为主，填隙物为中细砂屑，岩屑内见有玄武岩、安山岩成分，     

大青山地区金地球化学特征

大青山地区出露地层主要是侏罗系中统兰旗组安山岩、安山质角砾熔岩、凝灰岩等;侵入岩为晚侏罗世二长花岗岩;断裂发育,岩石蚀变强烈。金地球化学特征表明,金主要富集在侏罗系中统兰旗组火山岩中。金的原生晕、次生晕异常特征和分布表明,破碎蚀变岩带就是金矿化蚀变带。通过野外地质调查已在三道盘—马家窝铺的安山岩和二长花岗岩中发现了5条金矿化带和29条金银矿脉。实践证明,在大青山地区进行金矿普查运用地球化学方法是有效的。     

新疆伊宁县塔乌尔别克金矿地质特征及找矿标志

塔乌尔别克金矿赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组一套酸性—中酸性火山碎屑岩—熔岩建造中,矿体产出严格受断裂构造控制。矿体呈脉状、透镜状,倾角50°~70°。矿石以蚀变破碎安山岩型、斑岩型、含金隐爆角砾岩型和含金石英(方解石)脉型为主。成因与古火山机构、次火山岩有密切关系。一定的层位、断裂交会处、隐爆角砾岩及典型的蚀变为主要找矿标志。     

黑龙江东安金矿区地质特征及成矿预测

一、矿区地质特征 1．地层 东安金矿地层由老到新主要有：白垩系下统光华组安山岩、英安岩,及安山质凝灰岩、流纹质凝灰岩、凝灰角砾岩等陆相火山岩、火山碎屑岩,是岩金矿围岩之一;第三系上统孙吴组弱胶结砂砾岩、泥岩;第四系下更新统大熊山组玄武岩。     

三道湾子碲金矿床的发现及初步认识

一、地理位置及地质特征 黑龙江省黑河市三道湾子金矿位于大兴安岭北段。矿区及外围出露地层有侏罗系上统塔木兰沟组安山岩、白垩系下统光华组流纹质含角砾凝灰岩、火山角砾岩等。金矿赋存于侏罗系上统塔木兰沟组火山岩中。含金石英脉主要位于侏罗系塔木兰沟组火山岩北西向次级张性断裂带中,受北西向的断裂构造控制,     

华北长城系富钾岩石特征及开发利用

1　富钾岩石产出层位我国华北地区富钾层位主要产于长城系上部大红峪组 ,其次是白云鄂博群 (内蒙古 )及熊耳群 (河南 )等。富钾岩石均为一套火山—火山碎屑岩 ,这些层位的火山活动大致均属于中元古代长城纪大红峪期 (16 0 0～150 0Ｍａ) ,鉴于目前对其中某些富钾层位有不同看法 ,部分人认为应属长城系下部常州沟组或串岭沟组 (180 0～ 170 0Ｍａ) ,但富钾岩石作为整个长城系的一套特殊成分的火山活动产物 ,是无任何问题的。长城系富钾火山岩 (Ｋ2 Ｏ一般大于 10 % )主要分布于北京平谷及河北省蓟县、遵化、滦县等地 ;张家口一带有两个富钾层…     

中条山西阳河群安山岩中金矿找矿前景

通过对河南省境内熊耳群成矿地质条件和金矿化特点的分析,认为中条山安山岩与熊耳群地质特征一致,成矿特点基本相同,均有矿体受构造破碎带和杏仁状安山岩双重控制的特点。提出了中条山区安山岩中找矿方向为基底地层出露的周边安山岩分布区。     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.