神火工业园备用水源地地下水资源计算与评价

永城市神火工业园备用水源地地下水资源计算与评价主要是对中深层地下水允许开采量进行计算与评价,采用均衡法、解析法和开采抽水试验法进行评价中深层地下水允许开采量,通过计算结果对比,地下水允许开采量差别较小,按水源地拟定的开采量开采是可行的。在现有开采条件下,水源地开采20 a中心井的最大井壁动水位埋深97.88 m,位于含水层顶板之上,故在规划年限内开采1.80×104m3/d是可行的。因此,该水源地的允许开采量是完全可靠的。     

新蔡县城市应急水源地评价

新蔡县城市应急水源地是新蔡县城市地质调查的重要组成部分,对提高新蔡县在特枯年、连续干旱年以及水污染事件突发时的危机应对能力发挥重要作用。本文选取应急水源地为研究区,通过分析水源地的水文地质条件,评价水源地地下水开发保障能力。研究表明,水源地中深层地下水丰富,水质良好;经计算求得可开采量为1. 78×104m3/d;规划开采井9眼,东西向分二排布设,梅花状交错分布,井深为300 m,单井出水量1 800 m3/d,总开采量为1. 62×104m3/d;水源地以1. 62×104m3/d的开采量开采中深层地下水,100 d后水位下降速度迅速减小,400 d时水位下降速率0. 005 m/a,趋于稳定,水源地的开采量在设计的开采年限内有保障。     

靖安水源地地下水流模拟与预测

地下水数值模拟是地下水资源评价的重要方法之一。应用GMS软件建立靖安水源地的地下水流数值模型,利用该模型对设计的不同开采方案进行模拟,预测降水保证率95%条件下各方案开采20年后的地下水流场变化及水位变化情况。结果表明,当水源地总开采量为10万m3/d时,地下水流场能够达到稳定状态,中心水位降深较小,不会对生态环境造成明显影响。     

山东淄博沣水泉域岩溶水系统模拟及水源地优化开采预测

沣水泉域岩溶水系统是淄博市及周边地区最主要的供水水源,因原有大武水源地水质严重污染,急需开辟新的水源地,故须重新开展泉域岩溶水资源评价和开采规划工作。文章在充分概化研究区水文地质概念模型的基础上,借助FeFlow软件,建立了基于等效连续介质的三维非均质各向异性岩溶水模型,并利用2016年水位动态数据对模型进行识别和验证。经模型计算可知,在2000-2015年,研究区岩溶地下水日均补给量为104.47万m3/d,排泄量为80.27万m3/d,正均衡24.20万m3/d。对原大武水源地与新增刘征水源地优化开采方案预测的结果表明,最优开采方案为:（1）保持大武水源地现状35.91万m3/d开采条件下,刘征水源地最大开采量为5.5万m3/d,刘征 -大武富水地段最大可开采量为41.41万m3/d;（2）满足刘征 -大武富水地段最大开采条件,大武水源地最大可减采至33.41万m3/d,刘征最大开采量为8万m3/d。      

郑州市万滩应急地下水水源地评价

为保障郑州市突发时刻供水安全,在郑州市沿黄河的万滩一带勘查一处应急后备水源地。水源地的选址以资料收集及野外补充调查为主,通过资料综合分析,筛选出合适的水文地质计算参数,通过计算机DOS编程,采用解析法对水源地开采进行水位预报评价,用比拟法对开采资源量进行了验证,确定开采资源量为19.8×104 m3/d,在连续应急开采200d后,中心井位最大水位降深为10.81m,水位降深引发的地质环境问题较小。郑州市万滩应急地下水水源地处于黄河下游的黄河冲积扇中上部,第四系孔隙含水层巨厚,地下水储存量丰富,黄河常年补给地下水,具有丰富的地下水资源补给保障且水质较好。水源地可以作为未来突发时刻郑州市中短期供水的补充水源。     

天津市宁河北水源地开采所带来的水环境影响预测

天津市宁河北水源地开采后,对其第四系浅层地下水、深层地下水、岩溶地下水,以及现有水源地下井都产生不同程度的影响.根据长期动态观测及大抽水资料,采用Q=f(s)曲线外推法,结合动态下降速率及比拟法等到方法对其影响程度进行了研究,并论证天津市宁河北水源地的合理开采量为6万m3/d.     

中牟县东漳——狼城岗区域地下水资源评价及开采潜力分析

开展地下水资源及开采潜力评价,对于认识区域地下水资源禀赋和开发利用分布状况,建立资源环境监测预警机制和水资源支撑能力体系具有重要意义。为研究中牟县东漳—狼城岗区域地下水资源状况,保证中牟县地下水资源的可持续利用,文章基于数值模拟方法,对东漳—狼城岗区域水源地的开采潜力进行了分析。结果表/a,消耗量15 927. 98万m3/a,允许开采量5 475万m3/a,预测漏斗中心水位埋深7. 82 m,地下水开采有补给保证,总体安全。该评价方法可为其他区域地下水资源评价提供参照。     

GMS模拟技术在宁夏小校场水源地地下水可开采资源量评价中的应用研究

水源地勘探评价的主要目的是为获取地下水可开采资源量,为水源地供水提供可靠的依据。本文以宁夏石嘴山市小校场水源地为例,基于GMS模拟技术,对水源地水文地质条件进行概化,建立水文地质数学模型计算源汇项,评价地下水可开采资源量,并对水源地远期可采量进行预测,结果可见:水源地满负荷开采20 a时,承压水获得的补给量可满足开采量,以4万m3/d的开采量开采20 a是有保证的。     

平陆小东延傍河取水水源地供水条件分析

平陆县位于山西省南部,地势北高南低,素有“平陆不平沟三千”之称。区内水文地质条件复杂,地下水分布不均,开采条件较差。小东延黄河傍河取水水源具有良好的贮水构造和充沛的补给来源,以实测或收集资料为基础,对水源地地质构造、水文地质条件、资源量、可开采量作初步分析,得出水源地地下水的天然资源是369．8万m^3／a（10131．5m^3／d）。取525．6万m^3／a为水源地可开采量等三个结论。     

基于统计方法的干旱区地下水最大可开采量的确定

为克服地下水可开采量确定过程中确定性模型的局限性、失真和参数确定困难等弊端,合理的确定地下水可开采量,基于研究区不同区域地下水水位与开采量监测资料,采用多元线性回归和非线性多元回归统计方法对不同情况下地下水最大开采量进行探讨。结果表明：1964—1990年期间百口泉水源地地下水开采量在持续增加,并以1976年前增加较明显,且地下水水位均表现为下降趋势;非线性多元回归分析法对降深与开采量拟合的结果和误差精度均优于多元线性回归分析法;基于拟合的非线性多元回归方程,可确定水源地正常运行条件下的开采量为1 391万m3、极限开采条件下的开采量1 856万m3、疏干开采条件下的开采量1 992万m3。     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

截潜工程在计算山前侧向补给量中的应用

在计算山前侧向补给量的方法中,最常用的就是达西断面法,但达西断面法需要获取较多的参数,对于山前无钻孔或只有少量钻孔且水文地质研究程度较低的区域,很难采用达西断面法来计算得到山前侧向补给量。对于无法运用达西断面法但存在完整式截潜工程的山丘区,可以结合完整式截潜工程的截潜量利用水量均衡法计算山前侧向补给量。     

"青藏高原南部空白区基础地质调查与研究"计划项目新成果、新进展

通过2004年度各相关图幅的大力工作，在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料，综合研究区域构造．地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等，取得重要进展和新认识，在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。     

“青藏高原南部空白区基础地质调查与研究”计划项目新成果、新进展

通过2 0 0 4年度各相关图幅的大力工作,在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料,综合研究区域构造地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等,取得重要进展和新认识,在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。     

关中盆地大荔地区地下水氟水文地球化学规律

为了研究关中盆地大荔地区氟的水文地球化学规律,采集239个地下水样品及35个土壤样品,分析了水化学类型和水化学组分对氟的影响,结果表明在弱碱性环境下,重碳酸钠型是促进氟富集并增强围岩向地下水中转化的主要因素;硫酸钙镁型的地下水抑制氟富集。水化学组分中Na+、Cl-、HCO3-、pH与氟呈正相关,而Ca2+则抑制水溶液中氟含量增加;迁移系数与HCO3-、pH呈正相关关系,与其他主要离子呈负相关关系。利用Preeqic软件分析了饱和指数和Ca2+、F-的离子活度,得出萤石的平衡控制着氟和钙的水文地球化学行为,F-可能来源于萤石和方解石的分解。     

Determination of Emissions in the City by the Rate of Change in the Integral Content of Impurities in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Doklady Earth Sciences - A new approach to the problem of determining the density of emission fluxes of anthropogenic impurities from distributed urban sources by the rate of growth of the integral...     

Terrane tectonics in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone of mountainous river valleys in the cryolithozone

The significant role of the drainage area’s geological background in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone was revealed for the first time on the basis of long-term observations of streams of the Upper Kolyma River region during the autumn-winter low-water period, when the rivers are fed only by the groundwater recharge. The analysis of all the available data made it possible to define the characteristic periods in the autumn-winter low-water season. The waters of the seasonally thawed layer play the dominant role in the river’s recharge in September; the suprapermafrost water, in January; and the subgelisol water (nonfreezing water streams) during the 30-day-long period of the minimal flow. The quantitative parameters of the groundwater runoff corresponding to its module during this period reflect the water influx to the active water-exchange zone. It is established that the latter is minimal in the In’yali-Debin synclinorium, which consists of sedimentary rocks formed in deepwater trough environments. Their subsequent transformation proceeded under the action of subduction-accretionary and shear strains. The water availability in the active water-exchange in the Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium zone is substantially higher, although the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic sedimentary formations of this area were also deposited in deepwater trough settings, but their subsequent evolution was related to the uplift of the anticlinorium. The maximal watering is observed in the active water-exchange zone of the Omulevka terrane, which is composed of Paleozoic terrigenous-carbonate and carbonate formations. The differences in the hydrogeological regimes of the terranes may be significant with respect to their geoecology.