比值校正法在射电频谱中的应用

分子谱线可以在射电频谱上显现,但是采用离散数字功率谱分析算法会引入离散误差,难以获得分子谱线准确的频谱信息。针对射电频谱上离散数字功率谱分析带来的频率偏移问题进行比值校正法研究,该方法是频谱校正方法的一种,特点在于算法简单,方便快捷。利用射频信号相同、分辨率不同和射频信号不同、分辨率不同情况下,归一化频率偏移量的变化确定该方法的校正效果,最终实现了射频为80.0 MHz,141.8 MHz和270.8 MHz的频谱校正,将相应的频谱分辨率提高到7.5 Hz/channel。通过实验结果对比,确定了测试系统的最佳频率分辨率为50 Hz/Channel或200 Hz/channel。     

云南天文台太阳射电频谱仪的网络系统

介绍云南天文台太阳射电米波 (2 30～ 30 0MHz)、分米波 (0 .7～0 .4GHz)频谱观测系统及 1 0m射电望远镜自动控制系统“星型拓扑”对等网的建立。通过该网络 ,不但实现了光盘刻录机、激光打印机等资源共享 ,而且还为解决由于太阳射电频谱高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率观测带来的大数据量处理和存储找到了解决途径     

声光频谱仪频率校准的研究

在声光频谱仪的中频输入端输入一个梳状讯号，分析输出的频谱，可以测定声光频谱仪的谱分辨率、频谱漂移等重要工作参数．这是进行谱线天文观测前必做的准备工作．我们对紫金山天文台用于13mm星际水脉泽观测的高频率分辨率的AOS－Ⅰ进行了仔细的频谱工作性能测定，结果发现它有良好的性能：平均通道间隔12.10±0.02kHz，平均谱分辨率221±1．8kHz，谱分辨率随时间变化1．0kHz／天，通带内谱分辨率起伏上1．0kHz，总工作带宽12．39MHz．     

日冕加速区附近射电尖峰辐射的小尺度结构

太阳射电尖峰辐射(spike)的窄频带是一个具有特征性的参数,不但可从它计算出Spike辐射源区的小尺度结构,而且观测结果与Spike辐射理论可相互验证.我们利用云南天文台0.5 MHz频率分辨率的射电频谱观测资料,作出了230—300MHz频段上单个Spike带宽分布,并由此给出一群Spike源区的最可几尺度为151km,最大源区尺度为830km.     

超宽带超高分辨率太阳射电频谱仪的研发

为完成对太阳射电爆发15 MHz～15 GHz频谱的监测,云南天文台研发4套太阳射电频谱仪,频率覆盖范围依次为15～80 MHz, 100～750 MHz, 600～4 200 MHz和4～15 GHz,分别称为十米波、米波、分米波和厘米波太阳射电频谱仪。十米波段太阳射电频谱仪的谱分辨率和时间分辨率分别为7.6 kHz和1 ms;米波段和分米波段太阳射电频谱仪的谱分辨率和时间分辨率分别为9.5 kHz和10 ms;厘米波段太阳射电频谱仪的谱分辨率和时间分辨率分别为76 kHz和10 ms。每套设备包括天线系统、接收机和数字频谱仪。为实现超高谱分辨率,需要的快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT)点数最高达到262 144,在现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)上,通过一个FFT IP核(Intellectual Property Core)不能实现如此高点数的快速傅里叶变换运算。对于大点数的快速傅里叶变换,需要对数据行列分解后做并行处理,从而将其转化为两个小点数的快速傅里叶变换。通过对并行算法的研究,...     

基于ROACH的Zoom-PFB设计与实现

简述了基于ROACH和Xilinx System Generator平台的接收机数字后端系统的设计与实现。介绍了Zoom-PFB算法原理,讨论了该算法的核心部分低通滤波和抽取的现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)实现。针对谱线观测局部高精度分辨率的需要,给出了将400 MHz带宽分为带宽25 MHz的16个通道,对其中任一通道做通道数为6 k、频率分辨率为4 k Hz的频谱细化系统的具体设计方案。在实验室条件下,对该数字后端的性能进行了分析和测试,并以4.5 m口径X/Y结构天线进行银道面中性氢谱线观测检验其应用效果,验证了方案的可行性。     

集成声光频谱分析仪（IAOSA）应用于射电天文学的展望

本文首先概述了声光频谱仪在射电天文学上应用的历史和最新发展。进而介绍了集成声光频谱分析仪(IAOSA)的基本工作原理,并给出具有100MHz带宽,2MHz分辨率的IAOSA的设计方案。最后探讨了IAOSA在射电天文学上的应用前景,及利用紫台太阳射电望远镜进行IAOSA的可行性,数据压缩,弱信号检测、干扰信号的识别等多功能实验的具体设想。     

北京天文台六厘米波段太阳射电望远镜及观(英文)

北京天文台自1986年开始高时间分辨率的六厘米波段强度干涉仪的研制,计划在北京、昆明、乌鲁木齐设三个站,可发现角经0.01″的源。1988年初完成了北台单站接收系统,并取得了部分观测资料。主要性能如下:天线口径1.5米;接收频率5070±50MHz;高放噪声温度150K;中放带宽40MHz;系统时间常数0.2μs。系统见图1。采用前置微波高放未提高系统的灵敏度。用气体放电噪声管加15db定向耦合器组合作噪声标准源,以噪声源的输出温度为单位来测量每天的太阳强度m,由多日积累的m_i(i=1……n)与SGMR 4995MHz(引自S.G.D)的值取相关得线性相关参数a、b。由此得每天的绝对流量。目前只是初步的结果。表1为逐日的太阳射电强度m;SGMR 4995MHz;y;及黑子相对数Y。图2为V—m及y—m相关图,图上为S_p、S_n、Y及y的逐日变化图。表2为巡视观测中记录的部分爆发。六厘米强度干涉仪已取得的结果显示与太阳射电的国际频谱有很好的相关。三站(北京、昆明、乌鲁木齐)的强度干涉仪网建立后(1990年)所取得的高时间分辨率爆发的精细结构将具有极好的可靠性。该网将参加全国性的太阳活动联测。     

云南天文台太阳射电频谱仪的网络系统

介绍云南天文台太阳射电米波（２３０～３００ＭＨz）、分米波（０．７～０．４ＧＨz）频谱观测系统及１０m射电望远镜自动控制系统“星型拓扑”对等网的建立。该网络,不但 实现了光盘刻录机、激光打印机等资源共享,而且还为解决由于太阳射电频谱高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率观测带来的大数据量处理和存储找到了解决途径。     

太阳射电频谱仪超高时间分辨率观测的新结果

国家天文台分米波太阳射电频谱仪用新的观测模式获得太阳射电频谱的一些新的观测现象。新的观测模式频率在1．1—1．34GHz范围，时间分辨率是1．25ms；正常的观测模式下频率在1．1—2．06GHz范围，时间分辨率是5ms。在两种模式下频率分辨率为4MHz。发现窄带Ⅲ型爆发（“blips”）斑马纹（Zebra）和纤维结构（Fiber）中的超精细结构和一些新的精细结构。这些新的结果有助于深入理解在太阳耀斑期间低日冕中能量的释放和转移，也为拟建中的太阳射电频谱日像仪提出了新的要求。     

13mm低温制冷谱线接收系统和星际水分子观测研究

为了开拓短厘米波单天线星际分子的观测和研究,在乌鲁木齐天文站２５ｍ射电望远镜１３ｍｍ低温制冷接收机的基础上,配置了声表面波频谱仪和谱线数据采集系统,组成了１３ｍｍ低温致冷谱线接收机．接收机前端是一个工作在低温２０Ｋ的低噪声放大器,本振是２２ＧＨｚ的锁相源．接收机的平均噪声温度为５０Ｋ．后端是一个宽带的（４０ＭＨｚ）高分辨率（４０ｋＨｚ）的声表波频谱仪．利用这套系统观测了一批已知的水脉泽源,观测系统正常,结果合理．观测结果表明,乌鲁木齐天文站良好的站址和２５ｍ射电望远镜给厘米波段星际分子谱线观测提供了一个很好的条件．     

基于IBOB的射电望远镜宽带数字频谱仪系统的设计与测试

简述了基于IBOB和Xilinx System Generator平台的射电望远镜宽带数字频谱仪系统的设计与应用;给出了双路400MHz、2048通道、16IP输出数字频谱仪系统的具体设计方案,并对该数字频谱仪器的性能指标进行了分析和测试,验证了方案的可行性;最后初步讨论了滤波器设备对后端系统的影响。     

Analysis of sky contributions to system temperature for low frequency SKA aperture array geometries

The new generation of radio telescopes, such as the proposed Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) rely heavily on the use of very large phased aperture arrays operating over wide band-widths at frequency ranges up to approximately 1.4?GHz. The SKA in particular will include aperture arrays consisting of many thousands of elements per station providing un-paralleled survey speeds. Currently two different arrays (from nominally 70?MHz to 450?MHz and from 400?MHz to 1.4?GHz) are being studied for inclusion within the overall SKA configuration. In this paper we aim to analyze the array contribution to system temperature for a number of regular and irregular planar antenna array configurations which are possible geometries for the low-frequency SKA (sparse disconnected arrays). We focus on the sub-500?MHz band where the real sky contribution to system temperature (T _sys ) is highly significant and dominants the overall system noise temperature. We compute the sky noise contribution to T _sys by simulating the far field response of a number of SKA stations and then convolve that with the sky brightness temperature distribution from the Haslam 408?MHz survey which is then scaled to observations at 100?MHz. Our analysis of array temperature is carried out by assuming observations of three cold regions above and below the Galactic plane. The results show the advantages of regular arrays when sampled at the Nyquist rate as well as their disadvantages in the form of grating lobes when under-sampled in comparison to non-regular arrays.     

The OH Maser Line Receiving System for the Urumqi 25m Radio Telescope

A maser spectral line system is newly implemented on the Urumqi 25m Radio Telescope. The system consists mainly of a cooling receiver and a 4096 channels digital correlation spectrometer. The frequency resolution of the spectrometer at the maximum signal bandwidth of 80MHz is 19.5kHz. After careful calibrations observation at the 1665 MHz OH maser emission was made towards a number of sources, including W49N and W75N. The observed results demonstrate that the digital correlation spectrometer is suitable for astronomical spectral line observations.     

The improved ARTEMIS IV multichannel solar radio spectrograph of the University of Athens

We present the improved solar radio spectrograph of the University of Athens operating at the Thermopylae Satellite Telecommunication Station. Observations now cover the frequency range from 20 to 650 MHz. The spectrograph has a 7-meter moving parabola fed by a log-periodic antenna for 100–650 MHz and a stationary inverted V fat dipole antenna for the 20–100 MHz range. Two receivers are operating in parallel, one swept frequency for the whole range (10 spectrums/sec, 630 channels/spectrum) and one acousto-optical receiver for the range 270 to 450 MHz (100 spectrums/sec, 128 channels/spectrum). The data acquisition system consists of two PCs (equipped with 12 bit, 225 ksamples/sec ADC, one for each receiver). Sensitivity is about 3 SFU and 30 SFU in the 20–100 MHz and 100–650 MHz range respectively. The daily operation is fully automated: receiving universal time from a GPS, pointing the antenna to the sun, system calibration, starting and stopping the observations at preset times, data acquisition, and archiving on DVD. We can also control the whole system through modem or Internet. The instrument can be used either by itself or in conjunction with other instruments to study the onset and evolution of solar radio bursts and associated interplanetary phenomena.     

Digital multichannel spectrometer for solar microwave observations

Observations of solar microwave bursts have shown fine structures (e.g., the millisecond spikes), not resolvable in time and frequency by existing instruments. In order to investigate these features in greater detail we have developed a spectrometer with high temporal and spectral resolution. The frequency range from 3000 to 4000 MHz is covered by 32 channels with different bandwidths (0.1, 5, and 20 MHz). The instrument is fully controlled by a multiprocessor computer system and allows the recording of about 200 000 measurements per second. Thus it is possible to observe the intensity and the circular polarization of all the 32 channels with a time resolution of about 350 s. A very flexible frequency selection system allows the use of many different observation modes.     

RF Design of a Wideband CMOS Integrated Receiver for Phased Array Applications

New silicon CMOS processes developed primarily for the burgeoning wireless networking market offer significant promise as a vehicle for the implementation of highly integrated receivers, especially at the lower end of the frequency range proposed for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). An RF-CMOS ‘Receiver-on-a-Chip’ is being developed as part of an Australia Telescope program looking at technologies associated with the SKA. The receiver covers the frequency range 500–1700 MHz, with instantaneous IF bandwidth of 500 MHz and, on simulation, yields an input noise temperature of < 50 K at mid-band. The receiver will contain all active circuitry (LNA, bandpass filter, quadrature mixer, anti-aliasing filter, digitiser and serialiser) on one 0.18 μm RF-CMOS integrated circuit. This paper outlines receiver front-end development work undertaken to date, including design and simulation of an LNA using noise cancelling techniques to achieve a wideband input-power-match with little noise penalty.     

Callisto – A New Concept for Solar Radio Spectrometers

A new radio spectrometer, CALLISTO, is presented. It is a dual-channel frequency-agile receiver based on commercially available consumer electronics. Its major characteristic is the low price for hardware and software, and the short assembly time, both two or more orders of magnitude below existing spectrometers. The instrument is sensitive at the physical limit and extremely stable. The total bandwidth is 825 MHz, and the width of individual channel is 300 kHz. A total of 1000 measurements can be made per second. The spectrometer is well suited for solar low-frequency radio observations pertinent to space weather research. Five instruments of the type were constructed until now and put into operation at several sites, including Bleien (Zurich) and NRAO (USA). First results in the 45–870 MHz range are presented. Some of them were recorded in a preliminary setup during the time of high solar activity in October and November 2003.     

High Spectral Resolution Observation of Decimetric Radio Spikes Emitted by Solar Flares – First Results of the Phoenix-3 Spectrometer

A new multichannel spectrometer, Phoenix-3, is in operation having capabilities to observe solar flare radio emissions in the 0.1?–?5 GHz range at an unprecedented spectral resolution of 61.0 kHz with high sensitivity. The present setup for routine observations allows measuring circular polarization, but requires a data compression to 4096 frequency channels in the 1?–?5 GHz range and to a temporal resolution of 200 ms. First results are presented by means of a well observed event that included narrowband spikes at 350?–?850 MHz. Spike bandwidths are found to have a power?–?law distribution, dropping off below a value of 2 MHz for full width at half maximum (FWHM). The narrowest spikes have a FWHM bandwidth less than 0.3 MHz or 0.04% of the central frequency. The smallest half-power increase occurs within 0.104 MHz at 443.5 MHz, which is close to the predicted natural width of maser emission. The spectrum of spikes is found to be asymmetric, having an enhanced low-frequency tail. The distribution of the total spike flux is approximately an exponential.