高黎贡剪切带变形花岗质岩石中的长石细粒化和岩石流动特性

以高黎贡剪切带中发育的变形花岗质岩石为研究对象,主要通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、阴极发光仪(CL)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对其显微构造、组构以及矿物成分进行了精细的测试分析,重点针对岩石中的长石细粒化和流体制约因素进行了深入讨论.研究结果表明:(1)高黎贡剪切带中的变形花岗质岩石随糜棱岩化程度的增强,呈现出两个明显的端元变形岩石类型,即Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩和Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩.(2)在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型岩石中,主要矿物组合均为钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母和(或)白云母.然而其中Ⅰ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:钾长石(残斑为主)斜长石石英±黑云母;Ⅱ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:细粒化的斜长石钾长石石英±黑云母.(3) EBSD组构结果显示无论是Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩,还是Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩,条带状石英在Y轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,表示以柱面a滑移系发育为主;而Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中的石英单颗粒在X轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,指示了柱面c滑移系.(4)Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中分布的钾长石矿物变形是以(100)[010]滑移系的发育占主导地位的位错蠕变动态重结晶,斜长石矿物呈现较弱的EBSD组构,表现出颗粒边界为主的滑移超塑性流动特征.值得注意的是从Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩到Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩中,变形长石残斑主要为钾长石.在角闪岩相剪切变形过程中钾长石呈现出明显细粒化以及矿物相、矿物成分和结构的转变,表现为钾长石矿物残斑被细粒化斜长石和石英颗粒取代并伴随着流体作用.钾长石残斑的强烈细粒化进一步形成高应变局部化的超糜棱岩和整个岩石的超塑性流动.     

红河断裂带中南段糜棱岩分形特征及主要流变参数的估算

红河断裂带是一条经历了长期构造演化的块间构造变形带,该断裂的西南侧出露一套经韧性剪切形成的糜棱岩。研究区糜棱岩宏观上发育多种变形组构,如构造面理、线理、S-C组构等。微观变形特征有云母鱼、长石碎斑、长石和角闪石压扁拉长、碎斑旋转形成的压力影等;尤其是石英普遍变形,其特征有波状消光、核幔构造、动态重结晶、单颗粒压扁拉长及石英条带等;石英动态重结晶新颗粒尤其发育,重结晶的新颗粒边界具有锯齿状或港湾状等不同的微观特征,这些不同的特征记录了变形时的温压环境和流变速率。石英新颗粒分维几何统计分析表明:研究区石英动态重结晶颗粒边界形态具有自相似性,表现出分形特征。分维数值为1.150～1.180,变形温度大约500℃,同构造变质环境属高绿片岩相-低角闪岩相;初步估算应变速率可能低于10-8.4s-1,根据石英重结晶的粒径估算变形古应力为42.0～58.0MPa     

钾长石与斜长石变形机制的不同步性

本文通过总结天然变形钾长石和斜长石的变形机制研究成果,斜长石和花岗岩的脆塑性转化、钙长石集合体高温流变以及钠长石的实验变形研究成果.综合分析发现钾长石和斜长石变形机制具有温压条件的不同步性:在低于绿片岩相条件下两种长石均表现为脆性碎裂,相应的实验室变形条件为850℃;在绿片岩相条件下,钾长石以碎裂变形为主,斜长石以晶内塑性变形为主,对应实验室变形温度约为900~950℃;在角闪岩相温压条件下,斜长石以动态重结晶为主,而钾长石表现为塑性变形为主,同时发生出溶,该变形特征在实验室条件下的变形温度需要1000℃.影响斜长石流变性质的主要因素为粒度和结构水含量,粒度的减小将引起变形机制从位错蠕变向扩散蠕变转化,结构水含量增加导致激活能减小.结构水(羟基)和动态重结晶的细粒化均对长石的流变起到明显的弱化作用.     

喜马拉雅东构造结东缘碧罗雪山-崇山剪切带北段构造变形特征及构造意义

位于喜马拉雅东构造结东缘的新生代碧罗雪山-崇山剪切带出露各类构造岩,其西侧翼主要为片麻岩带,以条带片麻岩、眼球状糜棱岩化片麻岩和混合片麻岩为特征,东侧翼为糜棱岩化片岩带;基于野外构造-组构几何关系和叠加-改造痕迹,可识别出多期韧性、韧-脆性和脆性构造变形（D1~D4）.第一期变形D1主要发育等斜-紧闭褶皱F1（褶皱轴近N-S走向）和陡立的轴面劈理S1,以及代表地壳物质垂向增厚和侧向减薄的布丁构造;第二期变形D2构造特征为发育大规模韧性走滑剪切面理S2,部分S2面理发生褶皱变形,形成褶皱F2,褶皱轴陡倾伏,褶皱面陡立,近N-S走向,与剪切面理S2近平行,D2构造样式表现为左旋走滑挤压应变（Transpression）特征;D1和D2构造变形均被晚期NW-SE和NE-SW走向的第三期D3构造改造,即走滑剪切带S3和共轭走滑断裂;第四期构造D4以脆性右旋走滑伸展应变（Transtension）为特征,即N-S走向的走滑组分和正断组分同时发生.结合邻区新生代哀牢山-红河剪切带和高黎贡剪切带的构造几何、运动学和年代学数据,分析认为自新生代印度-欧亚汇聚-碰撞以来,环喜马拉雅东构造结及东缘地区的陆内构造变形经历了地壳增厚（D1）、左旋走滑挤压（韧性域D2和韧-脆性域D3）和右旋走滑伸展（D4）多期构造变形和变形体制的转换.     

郯庐断裂带南段韧性剪切带糜棱岩化过程中长石成分和结构状态变化特征的研究

在对郯庐断裂带南段３条韧性剪切带中糜棱岩及围岩进行矿物组合、结构构造观察研究的基础上,对长石矿物进行了多项分析测试,发现长石成分及其结构状态参数的变化与构造应力场的构造作用存在明显的对应关系：随剪切变形作用的加强,长石矿物的结构状态参数呈增大趋势,矿物单位晶胞的体积和斜长石中Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比值随之减小;长石的变形指数（Ｉｓｓ）和斜长石中的钙长石分子（Ａｎ）与岩石的变形强度呈明显的正相关关系。这些研究结果为探讨构造变形场中矿物岩石的变形 变质作用提供了一种简捷有效的手段     

排山楼金矿韧性剪切带演化过程

野外地质调查、室内显微构造及石英EBSD组构分析等综合研究表明,排山楼金矿区发育了三期韧性剪切活动,并先后形成了东西向、北东向延伸的韧性剪切带.前者主要表现为右行压扭活动,后者切割了前者,先后经历了左行压扭、左行走滑-伸展等多期构造活动.东西向韧性剪切带中发育大量多晶石英条带与云母的显微构造分层现象,形成于较深的地壳层次及中高温的环境下,石英结晶学优选(CPO)表明石英以柱面a、柱面c滑移为主,该剪切带可能形成于印支期,是蒙古带与华北太古宇克拉通沿索伦-林西缝合带拼合作用在排山楼地区的一种构造表现.北东向韧性剪切带早期的韧性剪切活动可能发生于~160 Ma,是燕山运动早期活动的结果,该期韧性剪切形成于中低温环境及中浅层地壳层次,显微构造以多晶石英集合体和石英的亚颗粒旋转为代表,石英以菱面a滑移为主.晚期的韧性剪切以韧性变形为主,叠加了后期脆性变形,主要表现为低温变形的左行走滑-拆离伸展,发育石英低温颗粒边界迁移、膨凸重结晶和方解石机械双晶,形成于地壳较浅层次,可能与130~120 Ma期间华北克拉通岩石圈大规模减薄与破坏作用有关,该期韧性剪切与拆离伸展运动可能直接导致了排山楼金矿的形成.     

洪镇变质核杂岩的形成机制及其大地构造意义

位于大别造山带东侧扬子板块上的洪镇变质核杂岩, 其下拆离盘韧性剪切带叠加在元古代董岭群变质杂岩之上. 该韧性剪切带现今剖面上分别呈背形或反“S”形, 但具有一致向南西缓倾的矿物拉伸线理. 露头构造、显微构造及石英C轴组构皆指示该韧性剪切带具有上盘向南西的运动方向. 糜棱岩中石英与长石的动态重结晶型式指示其为角闪岩相韧性剪切带, 原先形成于中地壳环境. 该变质核杂岩形成于早白垩世(白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为(124.8±1.2) Ma), 在区域北东-南西向拉伸中沿向南西缓倾的韧性剪切带发生拆离运动. 随后洪镇花岗岩体的侵位(黑云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为121.7 Ma)使该韧性剪切带弯曲、抬升, 形成变质核杂岩. 洪镇变质核杂岩揭示, 区内早白垩世岩浆活动是发生在区域伸展背景下, 扬子板块东部在晚中生代也经历过岩石圈减薄.     

角闪石高温脆-韧性转变变形的显微与亚微构造证据

对点苍山地区高温变形角闪质岩石应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜侧重开展了显微与亚微构造分析, 同时利用电子探针分析并结合应用角闪石地质压力计和角闪石-斜长石地质温度计, 揭示了中部地壳环境(约637℃和0.653 GPa)角闪石高温脆-韧性转变条件下的变形机制. 结果表明: (1) 中部地壳剪切变形形成的角闪质糜棱岩具有典型的糜棱结构, 由粗大的变形残斑和细小的基质颗粒所组成. 岩石中不同矿物具有截然不同的变形表现, 角闪石和长石表现出强烈的细粒化, 石英以重结晶生长为特点; (2) 角闪石具有典型的脆-韧性转变属性, 糜棱岩中具有不同结晶学方向的角闪石晶体颗粒呈现为“硬(Ⅰ型)”和“软(Ⅱ型)”残斑. “硬”残斑很少有明显的晶内变形, 或局部出现微破裂作用和位错缠结. “软”残斑遭受强烈变形, 初期也以位错缠结(核部为代表)为主, 但随后出现的双晶作用和位错的滑移与攀移(可能是由于水解弱化引起)使之转变形成细小的动态重结晶基质颗粒. 两种类型的残斑和基质的显微与亚微构造特点对于角闪石的脆-韧性转变表现给予了最好的论证; (3) 双晶成核重结晶机制是脆-韧性转变条件下角闪石动态重结晶的一种重要过程. 在双晶成核重结晶机制中, (100)[001]双晶滑移与位错蠕变(滑移与攀移)相互促进、共同作用.     

角闪石高温脆-韧性转变变形的显微与亚微构造证据——以滇西点苍山深变质剪切糜棱岩为例

对点苍山地区高温变形角闪质岩石应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜侧重开展了显微与亚微构造分析, 同时利用电子探针分析并结合应用角闪石地质压力计和角闪石-斜长石地质温度计, 揭示了中部地壳环境(约637℃和0.653 GPa)角闪石高温脆-韧性转变条件下的变形机制. 结果表明: (1) 中部地壳剪切变形形成的角闪质糜棱岩具有典型的糜棱结构, 由粗大的变形残斑和细小的基质颗粒所组成. 岩石中不同矿物具有截然不同的变形表现, 角闪石和长石表现出强烈的细粒化, 石英以重结晶生长为特点; (2) 角闪石具有典型的脆-韧性转变属性, 糜棱岩中具有不同结晶学方向的角闪石晶体颗粒呈现为"硬(Ⅰ型)"和"软(Ⅱ型)"残斑. "硬"残斑很少有明显的晶内变形, 或局部出现微破裂作用和位错缠结. "软"残斑遭受强烈变形, 初期也以位错缠结(核部为代表)为主, 但随后出现的双晶作用和位错的滑移与攀移(可能是由于水解弱化引起)使之转变形成细小的动态重结晶基质颗粒. 两种类型的残斑和基质的显微与亚微构造特点对于角闪石的脆-韧性转变表现给予了最好的论证; (3) 双晶成核重结晶机制是脆-韧性转变条件下角闪石动态重结晶的一种重要过程. 在双晶成核重结晶机制中, (100)[001]双晶滑移与位错蠕变(滑移与攀移)相互促进、共同作用.     

大别山核部石鼓尖同构造花岗岩的变形与侵位:对造山带构造体制转换的启示

石鼓尖岩体位于大别山核部天堂寨地区,为片麻理化石英二长岩.岩体磁组构分析显示,磁面理主体倾向SE,倾角较大,85%采样点的倾角介于40°~90°之间,与岩体的片麻理产状一致.岩体磁线理在东南部走向为NWW-SEE向,在岩体中部和北部,磁线理走向皆为NE-SW向.在岩体中部,磁线理向SW倾伏,北部磁线理向NE倾伏,磁线理倾角中等.磁化率各向异性度P值介于1.065~1.532之间;形态参数T介于0.005~0.694之间;弗林图解(F-L图解)显示K值均小于1,磁组构分析表明岩体是在SE-NW向挤压应力环境下侵位.石英C轴组构分析表明,岩体受到SE-NW向挤压应力,变形温度在400~500℃之间.显微构造显示岩石具有接近固态的变形组构特征,属同构造岩体变形组构.结合岩体磁组构、显微构造和石英C轴组构,指示石鼓尖岩体侵位冷凝成岩与区域NE向构造为同期,属同构造侵入岩体.石鼓尖岩体U-Pb定年结果表明,岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为(141±2.3)Ma,代表岩体侵位结晶年龄.综合分析认为,石鼓尖岩体侵位冷凝成岩时大别造山带仍然处于挤压环境,造山带由挤压向伸展转换的时间应该在141 Ma之后,岩体侵位时大别造山带的构造演化已受控于滨太平洋构造域.而邻近的天堂寨等巨大岩基则是伸展环境的产物.     

Interaction of cataclasis and pressure solution in a low-temperature carbonate shear zone

The mineralogical and elemental variations across the main shear zone of the Saltville thrust at Sharp Gap in Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A., were studied in a suite of deformed and undefromed carbonate rock samples using X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe methods. An examination of the samples for deformation effects at mesoscopic scale and under the optical microscope reveals familiar cataclastic deformation features including foliated cataclasites and microbreccias occurring in a well-defined, 1–2 m wide zone of intense deformation, plus evidence of hydrofracturing and extensive syndeformational pressure solution. There exists a clear correlation between the observed cataclastic deformation and mineral and elemental distribution which we interpret to result from a deformation-induced dolomite to calcite transformation in the shear zone. The transformation has resulted in removal of Mg from the shear zone, selective deposition of calcite as an intergranular cement in cataclasite/microbreccia units and a relative increase in the concentration of detrital quartz and feldspars.The compositional difference between the shear zone and wall rocks is explained in connection with cataclastic deformation features in terms of a model in which a dual pressure-solution/cataclastic flow mechanism leads to a gradual cementation-hardening of segments of the shear zone. Instabilities could occur via permeability reduction and increased pore pressure within these segments. Hydrofracturing of the hardened segments along with high strain rate reordering of the shear zone materials reset the ruptured zone back to the dual deformation mechanism regime. As a long-term effect, the compositional transformation of the shear zone is expected to prolong periods of creep and cause smaller coseismic stress drops since under the imposed conditions calcite is more ductile and soluble than dolomite.     

DEFORMATION OF THE BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION ZONE AT THE POST-SEISMIC RELAXATION PERIOD: A CASE STUDY OF THE RED RIVER FAULT

The transition from microscopic brittle deformation to microscopic plastic deformation is called brittle-plastic transition, which is considered as a key layer for determining the limit of lower continental crust seismicity. The depth and deformation mechanism of the brittle-plastic transition zone is controlled mainly by temperature. Besides, the strain rate and fluid pore pressure also affect the transition during the different deformation stages at the seismic cycle. In this paper, microstructure observation of catalcastic samples collected from the Red River Fault was carried out using optical polarized microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology, microstructures of deformation characteristics, mineral composition, water-rock reaction, pressure solution, exsolution, crack healing in the samples were systematically observed. The mineral components quantitative analyses were examined using the EDS. Water-rock reaction and pressure solution were systematically observed under SEM. The fabric of the main minerals in the samples was measured using electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD). Based on these analyses, the deformation mode was setup for the brittle-plastic transition zone of the fault during the post-seismic relaxation period. Both brittle deformation and plastic deformation were developed in the cataclastic samples. EBSD data shows that the c axial fabrics of quartz present low-temperature plastic deformation characteristics. The feldspar deformed as cataclastic rock, and the micro-fracture in feldspar was healed by static recrystallized quartz and calcite veins. The calcite vein underwent plastic deformation, which represents the post-seismic relaxation deformation. Based on the analysis of deformation mechanism of cataclastic samples in brittle-plastic transition zone of the Red River Fault, and combined with previous studies, we concluded that the brittle fracture and fracture healing is the main deformation mode at brittle-plastic transition zone in the post-seismic relaxation. High stress and high strain rate at post-seismic relaxation lead to brittle fracture of high-strength minerals such as feldspar in rocks. Plastic deformation occurs in low-strength minerals such as quartz and mica. Under the fluid condition, micro-fractures were healed by quartz and calcite. The minerals such as quartz and calcite in the fracture transformed from static recrystallization to dynamic recrystallization with stress gradually accumulating. With fracture healing and stress accumulation, the fault strength gradually increases which could accumulate energy for the next earthquake.     

DEFORMATION MECHANISM OF GRANITIC ROCKS IN BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION ZONE

Field studies and seismic data show that semi-brittle flow of fault rocks probably is the dominant deformation mechanism at the base of the seismogenic zone at the so-called frictional-plastic transition. As the bottom of seismogenic fault, the dynamic characteristics of the frictional-plastic transition zone and plastic zone are very important for the seismogenic fault during seismic cycles. Granite is the major composition of the crust in the brittle-plastic transition zone. Compared to calcite, quartz, plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine, the rheologic data of K-feldspar is scarce. Previous deformation studies of granite performed on a quartz-plagioclase aggregate revealed that the deformation strength of granite was similar with quartz. In the brittle-plastic transition zone, the deformation characteristics of granite are very complex, temperature of brittle-plastic transition of quartz is much lower than that of feldspar under both natural deformation condition and lab deformation condition. In the mylonite deformed under the middle crust deformation condition, quartz grains are elongated or fine-grained via dislocation creep, dynamic recrystallization and superplastic flow, plagioclase grains are fine-grained by bugling recrystallization, K-feldspar are fine-grained by micro-fractures. Recently, both field and experimental studies presented that the strength of K-feldspar is much higher than that of quartz and plagioclase. The same deformation mechanism of K-feldspar and plagioclase occurred under different temperature and pressure conditions, these conditions of K-feldspar are higher than plagioclase. The strength of granite is similar to feldspar while it contains a high content of K-feldspar. High shear strain experiment studies reveal that granite is deformed by local ductile shear zones in the brittle-plastic transition zone. In the ductile shear zone, K-feldspar is brittle fractured, plagioclase are bugling and sub-grain rotation re-crystallized, and quartz grains are plastic elongated. These local shear zones are altered to local slip-zones with strain increasing. Abundances of K-feldspar, plagioclase and mica are higher in the slip-zones than that in other portions of the samples (K-feldspar is the highest), and abundance of quartz is decreased. Amorphous material is easily formed by shear strain acting on brittle fine-grained K-feldspar and re-crystallized mica and plagioclase. Ductile shear zone is the major deformation mechanism of fault zones in the brittle-plastic transition zone. There is a model of a fault failed by bearing constant shear strain in the transition zone:local shear zones are formed along the fractured K-feldspar grains; plagioclase and quartz are fine-grained by recrystallization, K-feldspar is crushed into fine grains, these small grains and mica grains partially change to amorphous material, local slip-zones are generated by these small grains and the amorphous materials; then, the fault should be failed via two ways, 1)the local slip-zones contact to a throughout slip-zone in the center of the fault zone, the fault is failed along this slip-zone, and 2)the local slip-zones lead to bigger mineral grains that are in contact with each other, stress is concentrated between these big grains, the fault is failed by these big grains that are fractured. Thus, the real deformation character of the granite can't be revealed by studies performing on a quartz-plagioclase aggregate. This paper reports the different deformation characters between K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz under the same pressure and temperature condition based on previous studies. Then, we discuss a mode of instability of a fault zone in the brittle-plastic transition zone. It is still unclear that how many contents of weak mineral phase(or strong mineral phase)will control the strength of a three-mineral-phase granite. Rheological character of K-feldspar is very important for study of the deformation characteristic of the granitic rocks.     

高温高压下石英方解石断层带的摩擦滑动性状

在不同的温度、压力条件下进行了含石英和方解石断层泥标本的摩擦实验。结果表明,石英断层带的摩擦强度对压力的响应直到400℃都很明显,对温度的响应在高温(高于400℃)时才明显;方解石断层带的摩擦强度对温度很敏感,对围压的响应只在低温(200℃)时才明显;随温度升高,石英和方解石断层带均由粘滑转变为稳滑,但前者的转换界限在400℃到500℃之间,而后者在200℃到300℃之间。显微观察表明,上述差异归因于其具体变形机制的差别。      

Metamorphic petrology of the Barchi–Kol metabasites, western Kokchetav ultrahigh-pressure–high-pressure massif, northern Kazakhstan

Abstract In the Barchi–Kol area, located at the westernmost part of the Kokchetav ultrahigh pressure (UHP) to high-pressure (HP) massif, northern Kazakhstan, metabasites from the epidote amphibolite (EA) facies to the coesite eclogite (CEC) facies are exposed. Based on the equilibrium mineral assemblages, the Barchi–Kol area is divided into four zones: A, B, C and D. Zone A is characterized by the assemblage: epidote + hornblende + plagioclase + quartz, with minor garnet. Zone B is characterized by the assemblage: garnet + hornblende + plagioclase + quartz + zoisite. Zone C is defined by the appearance of sodic–augite, with typical assemblage: garnet + sodic–augite + tschermakite–pargasite + quartz ± plagioclase ± epidote/clinozoisite. Zone D is characterized by the typical eclogite assemblage: garnet + omphacite + quartz + rutile, with minor phengite and zoisite. Inclusions of quartz pseudomorph after coesite were identified in several samples of zone D. Chemical compositions of rock-forming minerals of each zone were analyzed and reactions between each zone were estimated. Metamorphic P-T conditions of each zone were estimated using several geothermobarometers as 8.6 ± 0.5 kbar, 500 ± 30 °C for zone A; 11.7 ± 0.5 kbar, 700 ± 30 °C for zone B; 12–14 kbar, 700–815 °C for zone C; and 27–40 kbar, 700–825 °C for zone D.     

Getting the right age? Testing luminescence dating of both quartz and feldspars against independent age controls

When luminescence dating was being developed much scientific effort was invested in showing it could achieve the correct ages, but this is now not routinely carried out for established protocols. This paper focussed on known age deposits from two case studies to explore whether correct ages were achieved. Case study 1 used the Storegga tsunami deposit dated to 8.2 ka sampled both horizontally and vertically and measured with OSL, IRSL and pIRIR. All results, for both quartz and feldspars, returned the correct age for the horizontal sample. Results from the vertical sample were more problematic with issues attributed to ongoing feldspar contamination of quartz and to beta heterogeneity. To agree with the independent age control single aliquot results required combination of >400 palaeodose replicates and in the case of IRSL the use of minimum age models. Measurements of feldspars at the single grain level using pIRIR measurements showed much improvement. Case study 2 used a barchan dune on the Tibet Plateau, China known to have been in position ∼10 years. Both quartz and feldspars returned young ages close to the true age, but the feldspar ages with brighter luminescence signal were more accurate once the luminescence signal to background ratio was optimised. On the basis of this study we advise against sampling vertically. We also recommend measuring feldspars with single grain pIRIR where possible, measuring >150 palaeodose replicates per sample and choosing feldspars rather than quartz for very young samples.     

Trace element mobility in the mylonite zone within the ophiolite aureole,St. Anthony Complex,Newfoundland

The late syntectonic mylonite zone (45–100 m thick) within the dynamothermal aureole of the St. Anthony Complex in northwestern Newfoundland was derived from surrounding quartz and epidote amphibolites by deformation and the nearly isovolumetric metasomatism. Amphibolites have a composition typical of light REE-depleted ocean-floor tholeiites. Mylonites (biotite amphibolites) resemble transitional alkali basalts in major and trace element composition and in the interrelation among relatively immobile elements such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Y and P. Their REE patterns are enriched in light REE and show gradual depletion of heavy REE with La/Yb ratios ranging from 8.4 to 18.4. The results emphasize the need for caution in interpreting the concentration and ratios of any elements in mafic rocks which have been affected by metasomatism in an amphibolite facies shear zone.     

中国华北地区壳内低速高导层（体）成因模式的探讨

依据高温高压下华北地区地壳主要岩石的物理性质－波速，电性测定的结果，提出了华北地区低速高导层可能的成因模式以及不同模式的适应范围。认为；碳酸盐岩在深部一定温度，压力和氧逸度条件下碳的析出会导致高导层体的出现；深部韧性剪切带组成矿物的定向排列，可使岩石的波速，电生产生各向异性行为，导致低速高导层的产生；绿片岩相和角闪岩相石中含水矿物的脱水作用会导致上，中地壳岩石物理力学性质的突变，这可能是该地区低速     

Regional occurrence of orthopyroxene-bearing basic rocks in the Yanai district, southwest Japan: Evidence for granulite-facies Ryoke metamorphism

Abstract   The present paper is reporting on the regional occurrence of orthopyroxene-bearing basic rocks from the Ryoke Metamorphic Belt in the Yanai district, southwest Japan. Their localities are confined to the highest-grade zone of the area (i.e. the garnet–cordierite zone, where garnet coexists with cordierite, K-feldspar and biotite in pelitic rocks). Orthopyroxene coexists with quartz and hydrous minerals such as biotite, cummingtonite and hornblende, and in some cases with clinopyroxene, suggesting that the highest grade of the Ryoke metamorphism reached a low-temperature subfacies of the granulite facies, contrary to the upper amphibolite facies as previously asserted.