尾矿中硫化物风化氧化模拟实验研究

为防治矿山尾矿造成环境污染，对方铅矿，闪锌矿，磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿，黄铁矿进行了风化氧化实验研究，结果显示，硫化物的氧化速率顺序为：方铅矿＞闪锌矿＞磁黄铁矿＞黄铜矿＞黄铁矿，侵蚀液pH值越低，硫化物氧化速率越大，有机物存在对硫化物氧化起缓冲和抑制作用。     

大兴安岭中段铜多金属矿床矿物微量元素研究

对大兴安岭中段铜多金属矿床硫化物矿同量元素研究表明,虽然该区矿床类型不同,但闪锌矿种属一致,多为铁闪锌矿和含铁闪锌矿,而方铅矿中Ｓｂ,Ｂｉ,Ａｇ含量却明显不同;黄铜矿中的Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ含量明显大于黄铁矿中的Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ含量;各类型矿床中方铅矿,闪锌矿,黄铜矿,黄铁矿等硫化物中Ａｇ普遍有较高的含量,反映了大兴安岭中段银处于高异常区,银,金,镉,铟往往具有综合利用价值。     

灵寿县北营西沟银铅锌多金属矿区银的赋存状态

北营西沟银铅锌多金属矿床中银，主要以硫化物形式存在，主要有银锑黝铜矿、硫铜银矿、辉银矿等，自然银很少。银矿物呈它形粒状同脉石矿物及其它金属矿物镶嵌在一起或呈显微、超显微及胶状包嵌在方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿等矿物中，其中与方铅矿的关系更为密切。本文通过研究银的赋存状态，为选矿方法实验提供依据。     

柿竹园和香炉山W多金属矿床中硫化物微量元素特征:来自原位LA-ICP-MS分析

华南包括两个世界级的W矿带,分别是南岭和江南造山带W成矿带。柿竹园W多金属矿床位于南岭地区,香炉山W矿床位于江南造山带东北部。两个矽卡岩W矿床都发育硫化物成矿阶段。但硫化物和成矿元素组成存在显著的差异。前者由含Pb、Zn、Ag硫化物和黝铜矿、银黝铜矿、含Ag斜方辉铅铋矿和铁硫锡铜矿硫盐组成;后者主要为磁黄铁矿。柿竹园远接触带Pb-Zn-Ag矿脉中硫化物(闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和磁黄铁矿)较富集B、Mn、Cr、Sb、Sn和Hg,香炉山似层状矽卡岩和硫化物-白钨矿矿体中硫化物(磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿)较富集W、Se和Bi。两个矿床中黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿较富集Ag,黄铜矿、闪锌矿富集In和Sn,闪锌矿还富集Cd。两个矿床中的硫化物微量元素分析表明与矽卡岩W矿成矿相关的硫化物可载有多种微量元素。这些元素参与到硫化物中程度由多种因素控制。具体如下,硫化物中B含量高低与成矿相关岩体中B含量相关;在相对高温和还原条件下,硫化物中W含量较高;闪锌矿中Mn和Cd与Zn发生取代作用; Cr可以一定程度进入到硫化物中,并受成矿流体中Cr含量影响; Se与S发生了一定程度的取代进入硫化物,并受流体中它的含量控制; Bi在闪锌矿与黄铜矿易形成固溶体;硫化物中Sb含量受初始流体中它的含量影响,方铅矿中易包裹一定的辉锑矿(Sb_2S_3)或含Sb的硫盐矿物; Ag是否形成独立的矿物相和进入哪些硫化物中,取决于流体中Ag的初始含量和硫化物的沉淀次序;硫化物中Hg的含量受温度影响。     

云南镇康芦子园铅锌矿矿物成分及矿物嵌布特征

芦子园铅锌矿是近年来新发现的大型铅锌多金属矿床。已发现20多种矿物,金属矿物以闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿为主,脉石矿物以蔷薇辉石、方解石、石英等为主,脉石矿物总量高达89.04%。通过原矿X射线荧光光谱半定量分析、物相分析及扫描电镜分析等,综合分析原矿性质、矿物组成、有益元素赋存状态与主要矿物嵌布特征。结果显示,矿石中有益元素铜赋存在黄铜矿和黝铜矿及斑铜矿中,铅主要赋存在方铅矿中,锌主要赋存在闪锌矿中。矿石中大部分金属硫化物呈它形不规则状集合体,黄铜矿与方铅矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物密切共生。闪锌矿与方铅矿、黄铜矿与闪锌矿等的嵌布关系非常复杂,边界极不规则,且常常相互包裹,矿物工艺粒度较细,单体解离困难。闪锌矿中可见固溶体分离结构的细小粒状黄铜矿嵌布,这种形式嵌布的黄铜矿一般无法解离。     

内蒙双尖子山Pb- Zn- Ag矿床金属矿物学研究与银的富集机理

双尖子山Pb- Zn- Ag矿床位于黄岗- 甘珠尔庙多金属成矿带的东北段,是目前发现的中国最大的银矿床。本文通过野外地质调查、矿相学鉴定、电子探针背散射图像以及电子探针化学成分分析,对该矿床金属矿物的矿物学特征进行了详细研究,同时对金属矿物的化学式进行了计算,并对银的富集机理进行了探讨。银矿物主要以可见银(>50μm)的形式产出,包括独立银矿物：硫锑铜银矿、硫银锡矿、辉硒银矿、深红银矿、脆银矿、黝锑银矿、螺状硫银矿、金银矿和自然银等;不可见银含量少,主要以类质同象形式赋存在方铅矿中。矿床成矿阶段细分为：①石英- 高Fe闪锌矿- 富Se和Bi的方铅矿- 富Se富Sb富Sn的银矿物阶段;②石英- 方铅矿- 富Fe闪锌矿- 毒砂- 富Sb富Sn少Se的银矿物阶段;③石英- 闪锌矿- 方铅矿- 银矿物阶段;④黄铁- 碳酸盐阶段。金属矿物沉淀顺序为：(黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿)→银的硫盐矿物→银的硫化物→自然银。矿床中的Fe+、Cu+、Zn+、Pb+、Ag+等金属离子在早期中温高硫逸度阶段主要以硫氢络合物形式搬运。随着成矿热液温度的降低,铅、锌等金属硫氢络合物开始分解,方铅矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿等硫化物得以沉淀,此时部分银以显微和次显微包体银的形式被包裹于这些硫化物中,铅锌硫化物的大量沉淀引起成矿热液组成和性质的显著变化,最终导致银从硫氢络合物中彻底解体,并与Cu+、Sb3+等离子结合形成大量独立银矿物(如深红银矿、硫锑铜银矿等)。随着温度、盐度持续降低,硫逸度也逐渐降低,pH值升高,成矿流体中出现大量自由Ag+并逐渐达到饱和,银矿物开始大量沉淀,Ag+与H2S发生作用形成螺状硫银矿。自然银的大量出现标志着银的沉淀过程趋于结束。金属矿物沉淀顺序为：(黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿)→银的硫盐矿物→银的硫化物→银的自然金属。     

辽宁青城子矿集区铅锌-银-金矿床硫化物化学成分及找矿意义

对辽宁青城子铅锌-银-金矿床的主要矿石矿物方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿进行了显微鉴定、电子探针和ICP-MS分析,获得它们的固结顺序为：黄铁矿早于闪锌矿,二者早于方铅矿（闪锌矿交代黄铁矿,方铅矿交代前两者）。从硫化物成分空间分布可以判断成矿流体以甸南-榛子沟为中心分别向二道-喜鹊沟和大地-白云迁移。根据方铅矿固结温度（327℃）参考石英流体包裹体均一温度（322℃）,限定以方铅矿为主的矿床其硫化物形成温度约为322～327℃;利用Cd在方铅矿-闪锌矿分配系数温度计获得铅锌矿成矿温度在344～464℃之间,结合闪锌矿出溶黄铜矿温度（高于350℃）,参考石英流体包裹体均一温度（300～360℃）,并参考黄铁矿发生脆性变形温度（400℃）,获得以闪锌矿为主的矿床硫化物形成温度约为360～400℃,银铅锌矿床的成矿温度被限定在390～400℃;由于自然金主要赋存在黄铁矿微裂隙中,利用黄铁矿发生脆性变形温度并结合石英流体包裹体温度（230～370℃）约束金成矿温度约为370～400℃。成矿温度较高可能归因于样品采集位置较深所致;最后利用矿石矿物、侵入岩、围岩微量元素对比分析判断成矿流体与中生代（特别是印支期）侵入岩具有亲缘性,根据印支期岩浆混合特征认为岩浆混合作用可能对本地区成矿作用具有重要贡献。     

河北省赤城县万全寺银金矿形成时代及其地质意义

张家口赤城县万全寺银金矿床为冀北地区在成矿作用上与火山期后热液活动有关的代表性矿床。银金矿物主要以包裹体形式嵌布于闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化物中,硫化物是银、金的主要载体,硫化物的形成时间可代表银金矿床的成矿时间。本研究采用Rb-Sr法对闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿这三种共生硫化物矿物进行了测定,获得Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(144.1±4.0)Ma(MSWD=3.3,n=6),认为该年龄代表万全寺银金矿的成矿年龄。该年龄与区内已知的其他多金属矿床成矿时代接近,也与区内北东向上黄旗—乌龙沟构造-岩浆岩带的主要活动时期相吻合,表明在晚侏罗世—早白垩世期间,张家口地区存在一次强烈的与中酸性岩浆活动相关的贵金属与多金属的成矿作用。     

东岗山银多金属矿床银的赋存状态的研究

东岗山银多金属矿床有三种类型，其中最重要的是锡石─硫化物型银矿床。银形成于硫化物成矿后期的硫锑铅矿─方铅矿─黄铜矿─银黝铜矿阶段。银的赋存状态有三种：①以独立矿物相即银黝铜矿的形式赋存于主要矿石矿物之中；②以类质同象替代状态产出，并且不排除次显微状银黝铜矿存在的可能性；③在氧化带的下部则为次生的辉银矿。     

内蒙古拜仁达坝-维拉斯托银多金属矿床的矿相学特征

拜仁达坝和维拉斯托是近年来在内蒙古东部地区发现的2个大型银多金属矿床。文章通过岩相学、BSE图像与电镜能谱等手段对其矿相学特征进行了系统研究。笔者结合矿床地质特征,厘清了2个矿区金属矿物的种类、产出状态及生成顺序,共确定3期4个阶段的矿化作用。第1期成矿作用主要形成胶状黄铁矿,代表低温热（水）的沉积环境。第2期成矿作用是一次中高温热液成矿作用,以高温矿物毒砂与锡石为标志,形成As-S金属硫化物矿化：黄铁矿+闪锌矿+方铅矿+磁黄铁矿+黄铜矿+毒砂+锡石,随后经历了强烈的构造破碎和强烈的糜棱岩化,形成了一系列具有脆性变形-角砾状和塑性变形-糜棱状结构构造特征的矿石类型。第3期成矿作用包括2个成矿阶段：第1阶段为中高温热液成矿阶段,形成一系列富S的金属矿化和Bi+Ag的金属硫化物：毒砂→黄铁矿→自然Bi+硫银铋矿→方铅矿+磁黄铁矿+闪锌矿+黄铜矿等;第2阶段为中-低温热液活动,形成一系列贫S富Sb+Ag的金属硫化物：磁黄铁矿+方铅矿+闪锌矿→纤硫锑铅矿+银黝铜矿→六方锑银矿+锑银矿→自然银。其中铅锌矿化与第2、3期成矿作用有关,而银矿化主要与第3期成矿作用的第4阶段有关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an