农业气象测报工作基数统计系统开发与应用

本文介绍了农业气象测报工作基数统计系统(AgMOBase)的框架、数据库、功能模块设计与业务应用情况。AgMOBase系统是农业气象测报业务系统(AgMODOS)配套的业务软件,采用面向对象技术与模块化结构技术开发,由数据层、技术层、应用层和用户层组成4层架构结构。系统已在全国农业气象观测站业务应用,实现气象部门开展的农业气象观测质量考核和软件应用质量考核所规定的日常工作基数统计工作,提供个人和台站的月份/年度详细的基数统计报告。     

农业气象测报业务系统软件使用中的注意事项

正1引言由国家气象中心开发的软件"农业气象测报业务系统(AgMODOS)",自2010年1月1日起正式在全国范围内投入业务使用。农业气象测报业务系统由系统管理、农业气象测报数据编辑和农业气象测报数据应用服务三个主程序,以及帮助文档、系统参数文件、输入输出表单模板、数据库文件等组成。参数设置、观测簿的建立、观测数据录入和编辑、农业气象观测要素和旬(月)基本气象要素报文的生成、数据文件上传等,是目前该软件在吉林     

地面气象测报业务技术查询平台

根据地面气象测报业务工作经验,归纳和总结了地面气象观测规范,地面气象电码,自动气象站原理、维护与维修,地面气象测报业务软件操作与使用,地面气象观测数据文件格式,中国云图,气象探测环境法律法规,测报试题、中国气象局以及山东省气象局下发的各类技术规定等内容。利用计算机应用技术加工处理成静态网页,以网站的形式为测报业务人员提供了一个业务技术规定快速查询平台,实现B／S结构异地查询或本机浏览查询。     

吉林省气象部门“九五”测报业务工作回顾

“九五”期间 ,我省测报业务工作在中国气象局“九五”计划的指导下 ,经过全省各级气象部门的共同努力 ,较好地完成了“九五”期间的测报业务工作 ,测报的基础业务、测报管理水平、测报现代化建设较“八五”都有不同程度的提高和进步。突出表现在 :大气监测质量稳中有升 ;业务现代化水平有所提高 ;站网调整更趋合理 ;台站观测环境明显改善 ;业务管理扎实有效。一大气监测质量稳中有升我省共有地面气象观测站５３个 ,其中基准站４个、基本站２１个。根据测站的测报任务 ,从事地面气象观测、高空气象观测、农业气象观测、气象辐射观测和特种观…     

农业气象测报业务系统与农气观测规范相关技术规定统一的分析

<正>1引言农业气象测报业务系统Ag MODOS是农业气象观测业务系统软件,该软件有农气观测参数设置、观测数据编辑、观测数据应用服务等多种功能。该软件与农气观测规范相关技术规定有许多不一致之处,中国气象局综合观测司组织制定了相关技术规定的说明,本文结合黑龙江省的实际,对农业气象测报业     

青海省地面气象测报业务技能题库制作

通过梳理气象学、气候学、地面气象观测规范、气象仪器和观测方法指南、自动气象站原理、气象电码手册、地面气象测报业务系统软件(OSSMO 2004)、中华人民共和国气象法、气象探测环境和设施保护办法、气象设施和气象探测环境保护条例、自动气象站业务规章制度、以及地面气象业务相关的技术解答和问题补充等地面测报相关知识,进而形成系统、全面、难易结合的气象观测理论、气象报告编发、计算机综合处理、装备技术保障系列题库,对促进全省地面气象业务的发展,进一步引导广大地面气象观测人员钻研业务、爱岗敬业、不断提升业务技术技能以及为气象测报业务人员提供较为系统完整的学习资料和提高我省地面气象测报业务竞赛水平有积极的指导意义。     

做好地面气象业务工作之经验点滴

气象观测是气象工作的基础,地面气象观测是气象观测的重要组成部分,围绕新的《地面气象观测质量考核办法》,根据测报工作的几个重要环节,针对地面测报工作中经常遇到的问题,提出一些解决办法与措施,以促进地面测报技术水平和业务质量的提高。     

新书架

《现代气象业务丛书综合气象观测(上下册)》王强主编气象观测业务是现代气象业务体系的基础和重要组成部分。本书概括介绍了由天基、地基和空基观测系统构成的现代气象观测业务体系的历史、现状和发展趋势,气象观测的基础理论和应用技术方法。重点讲述了地面和高空气象观测的原理、技术方法和业务要求,地基气象遥感探测技术的基础知识和业务应用。有针对性地介绍了大气边界层和城市气象观测、农业和生态气象观测、海洋气象观测、大气成分观测、公路交通气象观测等专业气象服务观测系统,以及气象观测资料处理和质量管理、气象计量、综合气象观测保     

地面气象观测规范的一次重要改革

从1980年1月1日起,由中央气象局制定的新的《地面气象观测规范》(以下简称新规范)就要在全国气象台站正式执行了。这是气象观测工作中的一件大事,也是广大气象人员盼望已久的心愿。 《地面气象观测规范》是气象台站从事地面气象观测工作的业务规则和技术规定。建国以来,经历过1950年《气象测报简要》、1954年《气象观测暂行规范(地面部分)》和1960年《地面气象观测规范》等     

地面气象观测数据A文件人工审核分析

分析了现用地面气象测报业务软件OSSMO机审盲区,根据气象要素变化的客观规律、现行地面气象观测业务技术规范和观测记录业务规定,总结了地面气象观测数据A文件的常见审核盲区及人工审核的重点方法和步骤。     

Some medium-path infrared observations of atmospheric boundary-layer structure during light wind

Variations in water-vapour absorption were measured using a recently constructed field spectrophotometer, operated at a wavelength of 1.38 gm and with path lengths of 15 and 20 m. Observations were made 1 m above the ground near sunset, dawn, and during the morning destruction of nocturnal atmospheric stability. A diurnally consistent evolution of water-vapour turbulence regimes was observed. The presence of ordered events was revealed. These fluctuations indicate changes of vapour pressure, spatially averaged over the base-line, as large as about +7 mb in 4 s. Classification of light-wind observing conditions by using six classes of distinct non-random events appears possible. Such a classification system may reduce some of the characteristic scatter of micrometeorological results which arises during stable observing conditions or during comparison of real-world observing sites.On sabbatical leave (1975) at the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham, Wilts., England.     

An Observing System Simulation Experiment to Assess the Potential Impact of a Virtual Mobile Communication Tower–based Observation Network on Weather Forecasting Accuracy in China. Part 1: Weather Stations with a Typical Mobile Tower Height of 40 m

The importance of a national or regional network of meteorological stations for improving weather predictions has been recognized for many years. Ground-based automatic weather stations typically observe weather at a height of 2-10 m above ground level(AGL); however, these observations may have two major shortcomings. Large portions of data cannot be used if the station height is significantly lower than the model surface level; and such observations may contain large representativity errors as near-surface observations are often affected by the local environment, such as nearby buildings and tall trees. With the recent introduction of a significant number of mobile communication towers that are typically over40 m AGL in China, a campaign has been proposed to use such towers to build a future observing system with an observing height of 40 m. A series of observing system simulation experiments has been conducted to assess the potential utility of such a future observing system as part of a feasibility study. The experiments were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and its Rapid Update Cycle data assimilation system. The results revealed the possibility of improving weather forecasting by raising present weather stations to a height of 40 m; this would not only enable more observations to pass the terrain check, but should also reduce interpolation errors. Additionally, improvements for temperature, humidity and wind forecasting could be achieved as the accuracy of the initial conditions increases.     

Antarctic Radiosonde Observations Reduce Uncertainties and Errors in Reanalyses and Forecasts over the Southern Ocean:An Extreme Cyclone Case

Cyclones with strong winds can make the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic a dangerous environment.Accurate weather forecasts are essential for safe shipping in the Southern Ocean and observational and logistical operations at Antarctic research stations.This study investigated the impact of additional radiosonde observations from Research Vessel"Shirase"over the Southern Ocean and Dome Fuji Station in Antarctica on reanalysis data and forecast experiments using an ensemble data assimilation system comprising the Atmospheric General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator and the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter Experimental Ensemble Reanalysis,version 2.A 63-member ensemble forecast experiment was conducted focusing on an unusually strong Antarctic cyclonic event.Reanalysis data with(observing system experiment)and without(control)additional radiosonde data were used as initial values.The observing system experiment correctly captured the central pressure of the cyclone,which led to the reliable prediction of the strong winds and moisture transport near the coast.Conversely,the control experiment predicted lower wind speeds because it failed to forecast the central pressure of the cyclone adequately.Differences were found in cyclone predictions of operational forecast systems with and without assimilation of radiosonde observations from Dome Fuji Station.     

GRAPES_MESO模式对一次强降水过程的预报及误差分析

本文应用西南低涡大气科学试验加密观测资料,常规探空与地面资料,自动站资料等,分析国家数值预报中心运行的GRAPES_MESO中尺度模式对2010年7月14～19日四川强降水过程预报能力.结果表明,模式降水预报能一定程度反映实况降水.在模式误差分析基础上,指出造成降水预报偏差的可能原因是模式预报的高度场持续偏低,预报低值系统偏强,高值系统偏弱,不利于四川上空的辐合低值系统维持;预报的登陆台风强度偏强,台风外围气流与副高外围环流结合,导致西南低空急流较强,加之,模式预报盆地水汽场在西部偏多,东部偏少,对流层中低层冷空气活动偏弱,暖湿气流活动较强,急流带北移较快,辐合流场位置偏北偏东,导致了积分后期预报降水与实况出现较大偏差,盆地东北部降水偏弱,预报降水落区偏东、偏北.探空分析还指出,盆地测站温度偏差较大,可能是受复杂地形条件下插值误差以及观测误差影响所致,由于盆地测站风向受周边地形影响较大,各站和各层分析风的不确定性较大.误差分析揭示了高度场预报偏低,温度场偏高,地面气压偏低等基本特征,误差的来源需要作进一步的数值试验与动力诊断分析.     

自动农业气象观测系统功能与设计

根据现代农业气象业务需求,提出了可视化、实时性、远程控制的自动农业气象观测系统技术思路、设计原则,并设计了系统的硬件和软件架构及自动化观测的实现方法。该系统具有作物生长、农田气象要素观测及环境监控功能,可实现作物发育期、株高、盖度等的自动观测,还可实现农田主要农业气象灾害实时监测。该文利用三维空间模拟技术初步确定了CCD (charge-coupled device) 传感器的技术指标;提出利用图像判别技术,结合作物生长特征及农业气象指标,实现作物发育期自动判别;利用摄影测量学技术,采用动态跟踪法实现作物株高自动化观测;提出了作物盖度的计算方法和通过研究作物盖度与密度、叶面积指数的关系,解决作物种植密度和叶面积指数自动观测的技术思路。该系统模仿人工观测原理,将图像处理和摄影测量学等技术引入农业气象自动观测中,基本上可以满足农业气象观测的主要任务的实时性、可视化和自动化需求。     

On detecting long-term changes in atmospheric moisture

Long-term temperature changes are expected to give rise to changes in the water vapor content of the atmosphere, which in turn would accentuate the temperature change. It is thus important to monitor water vapor in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. This paper reviews existing data for such an endeavor and the prospects for improvement in monitoring.In general, radiosondes provide the longest record but the data are fraught with problems, some arising from the distribution of stations and some from data continuity questions arising from the use of different measuring devices over both time at one place and over space at any one time. Satellite records are now of limited duration but they will soon be useful in detecting changes. Satellite water vapor observations have their own limitations; there is no one system capable of measuring water vapor over all surfaces in all varieties of weather. Among the needs are careful analysis of existing records, the collection of metadata about the measuring systems, the development of a transfer standard radiosonde system, and the commitment to maintaining an observing system dedicated to describing any climate changes worldwide.     

第三次青藏高原大气科学试验的观测基础

本文围绕第三次青藏高原大气科学试验的观测需求,从高原气象科学技术问题、高原气象前期科学试验、高原气象观测设计与站网布局等方面,分析了发展青藏高原及周边地区气象综合观测系统的重要意义、技术关键和重点目标,提出了观测系统的布局思路和建设方案,为我国第三次青藏高原大气科学试验提供观测基础支撑。     

A study of impact of the geographic dependence of observing system on parameter estimation with an intermediate coupled model

Observational information has a strong geographic dependence that may directly influence the quality of parameter estimation in a coupled climate system. Using an intermediate atmosphere-ocean-land coupled model, the impact of geographic dependent observing system on parameter estimation is explored within a “twin” experiment framework. The “observations” produced by a “truth” model are assimilated into an assimilation model in which the most sensitive model parameter has a different geographic structure from the “truth”, for retrieving the “truth” geographic structure of the parameter. To examine the influence of data-sparse areas on parameter estimation, the twin experiment is also performed with an observing system in which the observations in some area are removed. Results show that traditional single-valued parameter estimation (SPE) attains a global mean of the “truth”, while geographic dependent parameter optimization (GPO) can retrieve the “truth” structure of the parameter and therefore significantly improves estimated states and model predictability. This is especially true when an observing system with data-void areas is applied, where the error of state estimate is reduced by 31 % and the corresponding forecast skill is doubled by GPO compared with SPE.     

基于ArcGIS Engine的气象设备监控方法

运行监控系统的建设提升了综合气象观测网气象探测设备的运行保障能力.作为运行监控系统的有益补充,以ArcGIS Engine为核心技术,构建了面向气象观测领域的GIS应用程序平台,重点讨论了气象观测设备的监控方法,解决了C/S架构下气象设备监控的数据采集、数据处理、地图更新等若干关键问题,并将数据检索、地图展示、设备监控、统计分析、产品发布、观测站网信息管理等融为一体,实现了气象设备监控的多元化、信息化、可视化、专业化、产品化.