基于VB．NET的规划监督测量建筑放线智能化模块的应用与研究

基于VB．NET,通过ActiveX自动化技术和AutoCAD．NET API技术对CAD进行二次开发,针对规划监督测量建筑放线的需求,研发了智能“分层叠图、放线点创建、轴线号标注、放线坐标表生成”绘图模块,并在CAD上定制了专属规划监督测量的绘图功能界面,与用户直观交互。建筑放线智能化模块的实现,彻底改变了传统规划监督测量绘图作业模式,极大地提高了绘图效率和绘图质量,为规划监督测量智能一体化的实现奠定了坚实的基础。     

地籍图图形数字化和计算机绘图系统

本文介绍了地籍图图形数字化和计算机绘图系统的建立方法,对地籍图图形数字化特征码的制定、图形数据库设计进行了讨论,利用AutoCAD绘图软件,完成了地籍图的绘制。     

绘图笔尖的修磨方法

目前各部门绘制各种图件,绘图笔尖仍是主要工具之一,往往有一支得心应手的绘图笔尖,加上熟练的绘图技术,便可胜利地完成任务。但绘图笔尖的磨损、碰坏是常有的事,甚至新的笔尖有时也有使用不顺利的毛病,如笔尖写字时不光滑,不下墨或下墨困难。如不及时寻找原因随时进行修磨,绘图速度一定快不了,更不用说达到高的质量标准。因此,怎样修磨好绘图笔尖,就成为绘图工作人员必须掌握的一项基本功了。绘图笔尖常见的毛病和缺点不外下列几种,其修理方法和注意事项现介绍如下：     

基于CASS平台的快捷命令定制方法研究

CASS是基于AutoCAD开发的一款商用数字化绘图平台,仍然保留着与AutoCAD相同的命令式绘图方式。在CASS平台上,每一类要素都有一个6位数的CASS码,用户在命令行执行根绘图命令「DD」后输入CASS码即可绘制相应的要素。通过对CASS平台绘图方式、AutoCAD命令重定义机制及AutoLISP语言的深入研究,使用AutoCAD提供的ARX.NET二次开发接口,开发了新的快捷命令定制工具,能够对CASS绘图代码或已有的命令进行重新封装,解决了CASS码输入不便及记忆量较大的问题,对提升绘图效率具有明显效果。     

OCAD在定向地图制图中的应用技巧

随着定向运动的快速发展,定向地图的制作也显得愈来愈重要,OCAD作为制作定向地图的主流软件也被世界各地制图员广泛的研究学习。为了使定向制图爱好者了解OCAD,打牢绘图基础,简化绘图步骤,提高绘图效率与质量,将OCAD绘图在应用过程中的技巧进行了概括总结,值得借鉴。     

计算机绘制电算加密展点图

在进行航测内业测图前,绘制全测区的电算加密展点图是必要的,手工展点费时费力,计算机绘图既快又准。本文介绍了计算机绘图程序的结构、功能和操作方法。     

CASS2008软件防止非建模点建模的方法

在利用绘图软件绘制等高线时,有一些高程点不能参与DTM三角网建模,否则会导致等高线失真。巧妙地利用CASS2008绘图软件,进行修改DTM三角网、修改数据文件、去掉非建模点的高程属性等操作,把不能参与建模的高程点转变为非建模点,就可解决等高线失真的问题,大大提高地形图绘图的效率。     

TEQC与QCVIEW32在GPS数据预处理中的应用

TEQC是GPS数据预理中常用的工具,可对数据进行格式转换、编辑和质量检查;绘图工具QCVIEW32能对TEQC质量检查的绘图文件进行可视化处理。将TEQC与QCVIEW32相结合,对GPS观测数据进行了预处理。结果表明,采用该方法能有效地进行可视化分析和误差剔除,进一步减小电离层延迟、周跳、多路径等误差对数据的影响,预处理后的GPS观测数据质量较好。     

基于南方CASS的全国测绘行业职业技能竞赛绘图软件开发及应用

全国测绘行业职业技能竞赛工程测量赛项所规定的测绘成果形式与南方CASS地形绘图软件生产出的测绘成果存在一定差异。基于南方CASS地形绘图软件平台,通过AutoCAD内嵌lisp语言进行二次开发,即通过更改CASS环境和增加图层改色、图廓设置等功能,使参赛选手能在不改变传统绘图习惯的前提下,实现快速、准确修改指定地物的图层、颜色以及图廓要素等,高效地生产出满足竞赛要求的测绘成果。     

利用TEQC软件进行GPS数据质量检查及预处理

本文利用TEQC的质量检查功能生成GPS观测数据质量检查结果文件,并运用TEQCPLOT或其他绘图工具显示绘图文件,分析和记录各测站的数据质量情况;然后采用TEQC的数据编辑功能对数据进行编辑,剔除质量较差的观测数据,以保证利用准确性较高的数据进行GPS基线解算。     

Rate-of-Change Maps

Mapping spatial change is a fundamental theme in geography. The analytical and numerical application of differential calculus to continuous geographic data produces first-derivative distributions that can be mapped to show gradient magnitude and gradient direction, and second-derivative measures that can be mapped to show the form (convexity, concavity) of the geographic surface. When these differential measures are obtained for spatially distributed temporal data, a velocity/acceleration change map can be constructed. Cartographic applications of the methodology presented in this paper include slope and curvature landform mapping, derivative trend-surface mapping of urban housing value gradients and the velocity/acceleration mapping of mobile-home residency in the United States from 1950 to 1980.     

MAPIT: A Computer Program for Production of Flow Maps,Dot Maps and Graduated Symbol Maps

Abstract

This paper describes some results of an attempt to design and to write a general purpose computer program which can be used to produce quality maps of discrete data by the person who has had no training in computer programming. In the first section, the variety of the maps this program can produce is illustrated; in the second section, some of the principles involved in such map production are discussed; in the third section, the input arrangements for using the program are described and, finally, the role of such programs in teaching and research in the years ahead is discussed.     

Distinctive Recent Maps

Successful implementation of an intelligent system for automated map generalization requires formalization of cartographic principles that are, in many cases, only intuitively understood. Formalizing these principles requires acquisition and re-expression in the form of semantic nets, frames, production rules, or similar formalization methods. The various techniques for cartographic knowledge acquisition have been discussed on a theoretical basis; however, little empirical research has been conducted. This paper reports on empirical acquisition of cartographic knowledge by reverse engineering; that is, on trying to recapitulate decisions made on published documents or maps. The work is based on a computer-assisted multi-scale inventory of the Austrian National Topographic Map Series. Queries of the relational database, within which inventory data are stored, lead to the formulation of prototype production rules for modifying map symbols during automatic scale changes. Components of map generalization expressed in such rules include the selection behavior of settlement, transportation, and hydrographic objects, and the degree of simplification of settlement domains and building clusters. The acquired cartographic knowledge reveals quantitative relations between map elements and the changes in these relations that occur with scale transition. These insights can guide subsequent knowledge refinement using other acquisition methods. This paper provides, in addition, a conceptual framework by which other topographic map series may be compared at multiple scales.     

Testing the Effectiveness of Road Speed Maps and Conventional Road Maps

Abstract

This paper presents the results of two independent tests undertaken by a broad sample of motorists in the selection of minimum time routes using both the experimental road speed map and the traditional road map as the basic information. The tests are described, the results analysed, and certain conclusions drawn.     

Maps for the Reluctant

Abstract

This paper describes the design and development of two trial 1:100 000 scale Ordnance Survey maps targeted specifically at the inexperienced and reluctant map users in the touring and holiday market. These are two maps which depart from the very high map specification designs normally offered by Ordnance Survey. The use of extensive consumer market research and the objective analysis of existing touring type maps on sale have enabled Ordnance Survey to publish two experimental maps, which will succeed or fail by consumer reaction alone.     

Maps > Representation

Abstract

Colour is considered a key means of expression for use in cartographic works. This is because colours and the relations among them influence not only the aesthetic impression a map creates but also its overall utility. In addition to Newton’s spectral colour theory, today theories with origins in artistic technique are gaining ground in cartography. This article introduces J. Itten’s colour theory (first published in 1961 in The Art of Colour [Kunst der Farbe]) with special attention given to his concept of seven colour contrasts. The article also discusses the suitability and unsuitability of their application in practical cartography, and it contributes original examples employing thematic maps, a discipline with broad possibilities for the application of these inventive methods by today’s mapmakers.     

时空地图与视觉变量

时空地图是显示随时间变化所历过程的地图，既可能是静态的也可能是动态的。本文分析了时空地图的表现形式，对其视觉变量作了初步探讨，认为视觉变量应当由６个静态变量和３个动态变量构成。