气象影视现状分析及影视服务能力提高的若干思考

气象影视服务是公共气象服务体系中的重要组成部分,通过电视媒体及时向社会公众发布气象灾害预报预警信息,是防灾减灾、服务大众的有效途径.气象影视事业的快速发展,给气象电视节目提出了更高要求.本文从阿克苏地区气象影视现状入手,重点分析我区气象影视专业服务中存在的问题,从部门横向合作、节目创新、素材的优化与组合、网络传输等方面提出解决问题的思路和方法,以提高地区气象影视服务水平和能力.     

农业气象影视节目如何更好地为农服务

2006年6月26日中国气象局华风集团《农业气象》节目在央视七套正式开播。浙江省气象局气象服务中心从2005年开始至今在浙江七套公共新农村频道制作播出了《农情气象站》节目。农业气象影视节目成为了农民朋友获得天气信息的主要途径之一,在农民防灾减灾、提高产量等方面起着重大作用。在全国气象影视服务业务竞赛中,农业气象节目是比赛的重要组成部分。在第9届全国气象影视服务业务竞赛中,浙江省的《农情气象站》节目赢得了专家的广泛好评,获得全国第8名。针对农业气象节目存在的不足和发展前景,从加强各部门合作,提高农业气象节目整体制作水平等方面入手,结合业务竞赛中的优秀案例,探讨如何挖掘农业气象节目的潜力更好地为农服务。     

如何开发县站气象影视广告领域

在市场经济体制下，气象影视服务是随着气象事业的发展而出现的新兴事业。我局影视服务于１９９９年１２月开始起步，我们依托电视天气预报节目这块媒体优势，向广大人民群众传播气象信息，服务社会，树立气象人的良好形象，得到了群众的信赖，使得天气预报节目收视率明显提高。在“电视天气预报”栏目中开展广告服务是依《气象法》开展的技术服务，这是在法制化轨道上健康的发展，同时广告业务量不断增长，广告效益也同步增长。２０００年我局签订广告协议４０余个，毛收入１０万元，是我局的第一大产业，成为一个新的亮点，有力地支持了我…     

做好全国气象影视服务业务竞赛省级预报类比赛筹备工作

1背景介绍目前在全国气象行业中有三大主要赛事：天气预报、气象测报和气象影视服务业务竞赛,其中气象影视服务业务竞赛是2011年起,由＂全国电视气象节目观摩评比活动＂提升为＂全国气象影视服务业务竞赛＂,至今已经举行了十一届。比赛从级别上分为国家级、省级二级,从内容上分天气预报类、气象服务类、创意预报类,为了适应新形势,促进业务发展,2017年又新增加了现场制作预报类,共计四大类比赛。     

气象科技服务市场营销及其对策

自1985年国务院正式批准气象部门开展专业有偿服务至今已10年,以专业气象有偿服务为主的气象科技服务体系已形成一定市场规模,逐步探索出一些市场营销经验。由于气象科技服务是一项新型事业,还缺乏系统市场营销经验,在一定程度上影响气象科技服务市场的进一步拓宽和效益的进一步增加。因此,系统地研究气象科技服务市场营销及其策略,对挖掘气象科技服务的潜力是十分重要的。     

矩阵在气象影视后期制作系统中的应用

气象影视事业的快速发展,给气象服务节目的后期制作业务带来了巨大的压力,随着矩阵切换器在电视制作领域应用的日趋广泛,引进矩阵切换器来解决后期制作设备压力,提高系统设备使用的灵活性和安全性,是一个有效的途径.本文简要介绍了电视矩阵切换器的基本原理、选择及在节目后期制作系统中的应用,供各位气象影视同行共享.     

提升气象影视服务能力的几点思考

气象影视服务是公共气象服务体系中的重要组成部分,通过各种媒体及时向社会公众发布气象灾害预报预警信息,是防灾减灾、服务大众的有效途径。而气象影视事业的快速发展,给气象电视节目提出了更高要求。文章从三个方面入手,对气象影视如何更好的服务于大众进行分析,从部门横向合作、节目创新、素材的优化与组合、网络传输等方面提出解决问题的思路和方法,以提高气象影视服务的水平和能力。     

河南省电视天气预报广告市场营销初探

河南省电视天气预报自1993年开播至今,已有十余年历史,其主流频道的节目收视率在各个电视台均名列前茅,现已成为河南省电视服务类栏目中的名牌栏目,其中作为该栏目重要支柱的电视天气预报广告也在河南省气象影视发展中越来越为人们关注.在做好电视天气预报服务的同时,不断加强电视天气预报广告市场营销工作,有利于促进气象影视工作可持续发展,很值得气象影视工作者悉心研究与探讨.     

气象影视传输技术的研究与应用

通过运用虚拟网连接和数据主动式同步推送技术,设计开发了地市级气象影视传输系统,解决了气象影视节目传输和节目审验的问题。气象影视传输系统设计提出了"主动式推送、模块化服务、后台自动校验"的系统平台构建理念,结合影视制作网络化、集约化和电视台播控自动化情况,将模块化、层次化等设计思想应用到技术研究中,通过运用VPN虚拟网技术将各级电视台与气象影视中心互联,影视节目或气象数据被动接收后,自动嵌入影视节目后台预审模块,根据同步推送的气象报文和预警信息对影视产品进行节目审核。审核正确的则自动加载至硬盘播出系统,对公众服务;审核错误的则通过传输系统的智能回馈模块,迅速返回影视中心进行修正,并及时回传修复后的气象影视、预警预报及农业气象服务产品。系统平台功能层次化,分为虚拟网VPN接入层、数据同步支撑层、节目审验服务层和自动上载应用层,控制接口以实际部门操控为控制面进行设计开发。混合组网设计、数据同步自动化和节目审验机制是该研究的亮点。通过对气象影视传输技术的研究,实现了对气象节目的质量管控,保障了气象影视服务水平,提高了气象影视节目传输效率,而且时效灵活、性能可靠、安全稳定。     

发展气象影视精细化服务的思路与探讨

气象影视服务需要根据社会的发展需求,不断改进服务内容和模式,在新媒体时代,发展精细化服务势在必行。气象影视精细化服务主要以气象精细化服务信息为主要内容,对节目的传播媒体和发布时效进行精细化布局,通过集约化构建起多媒体传播平台,在节目形式上针对目标受众进行精细化的设计包装和策划,为公众提供个性化、精细化的气象服务产品和气象灾害应急避险指导。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...