柔性连接新型砌体填充墙框架结构抗震性能试验研究

通过5榀钢筋混凝土填充墙框架结构低周反复荷载试验,系统研究了填充墙-框架柔性连接和刚性连接、墙端设置芯柱和不设置芯柱结构的破坏机理和抗震性能,对滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性比、累积耗能、强度衰减和刚度退化等抗震性能指标进行了分析。试验结果表明:柔性连接方案对结构承载力的提高低于刚性连接方案,但其他性能指标均优于刚性连接方案。例如,提高了结构初始刚度,且刚度退化现象减缓;提高了结构位移延性比和累积耗能;填充墙破损程度减轻;减小或消除了填充墙对框架柱的附加剪力影响等。同时,填充墙内芯柱的设置有效提高了结构承载力、刚度和整体稳定性。     

腹板双角钢连接框架-非加劲薄钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

对一榀1/3比例的单跨两层梁柱腹板双角钢连接框架-非加劲薄钢板剪力墙结构进行了水平低周往复加载试验研究.从承载力指标、刚度指标、延性指标、消能指标、破坏顺序和破坏模态以及连接节点的受力变形性能对试件作出评价,探究节点刚度与墙体的相互影响效果.结果表明:试件具有较高水平承载力和初始抗侧刚度,试件延性良好.结构具有理想的屈...     

无侧移半刚性框架柱的稳定分析

基于现行钢结构设计规范GB50017-2003中柱计算长度的概念,利用柱子框架模型,引入梁线刚度修正系数和柱的相对线刚度比,应用梁柱理论建立了可以同时考虑柱端和梁端不同连接条件的无侧移半刚接钢框架柱计算长度系数的修正公式。基于上述修正公式,提出了计算无侧移框架梁柱连接转动刚度的简化方法:利用弯矩-转角曲线的初始切线刚度确定的切线连接刚度。研究表明,三柱子模型,当柱远端铰接时,按GB50017附录D表D-1得到的计算长度系数设计柱是不安全的,最大误差13.0%,当柱远端固接时,偏于保守,最大误差21.9%;连接刚度的简化方法误差控制在3%以内,具有很好的实用性和精确性,可以代替精确方法用于无侧移半刚性连接框架的稳定设计。     

T型钢半刚性连接梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

通过对两组T型钢连接梁柱节点的单向与循环加载试验,了解该类型节点的抗震性能以及翼缘厚度对节点抗震性能的影响,并通过IDARC程序模拟节点的受荷过程,讨论T型钢连接梁柱节点理论建模的方法.试验研究表明:T型钢梁柱连接滞回曲线饱满,连接表现出了良好的延性,极限转角均超过了欧洲规范规定的极限转角0.03 rad,具有较为理想的抗震性能;T型钢翼缘越厚,节点初始刚度、承载力以及耗能能力越大;对于半刚性连接中螺栓刚度大于T型钢翼缘刚度的试件应按T型钢的极限承载力设计.程序分析表明:利用刚度均匀变化的节点板模拟T型钢的半刚性连接具有较高的模拟精度,通过调整节点板底部刚度以及屈服弯矩可以模拟不同翼缘厚的T型钢半刚性连接.     

密肋防屈曲钢板剪力墙低周反复荷载试验研究

通过对一榀密肋防屈曲钢板剪力墙在水平低周反复荷载作用下的试验,研究了该结构的初始刚度、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性和耗能性能。试验结果表明:内填板与两侧网格密肋通过螺栓连接,减缓了内填钢板的初始几何缺陷;与普通薄钢板剪力墙相比,降低了对边框柱抗弯刚度的要求;网格密肋的设置有效地避免了内填钢板的整体屈曲,减小了试验过程中的面外变形;提高了墙体的初始刚度和弹性屈曲荷载;改善了滞回曲线的"捏缩"现象。密肋防屈曲钢板剪力墙具有较大的抗侧刚度和稳定的耗能能力,是一种非常适用于高烈度抗震设防区的抗侧力构件。该研究为其理论分析和工程应用提供了依据。     

十字带侧板型抗剪连接件受剪性能试验研究

提出一种十字带侧板型抗剪连接件,以混凝土强度、抗剪连接件长度、抗剪连接件数量为参数设计四个试件,并进行往复加载试验,研究其破坏形态、剪力-位移曲线、骨架曲线、初始刚度、抗剪承载力和应变等指标。结果表明:四个试件的破坏形态基本一致,均由抗剪连接件与混凝土梁连接处率先产生裂缝,并向上端和下端发展,在混凝土出现压溃后达到极限状态;剪力-滑移曲线走势基本相同,均包括初始弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和破坏阶段。另外,提高混凝土强度可增大试件初始刚度达16.44%,并能有效降低位移及应变;增大抗剪连接件长度仅提高试件初始刚度的4.25%,且对位移和应变的影响也较小;提高抗剪连接件数量可使初始刚度增大47.82%,抗剪连接件始终处于弹性,且有效减小位移和混凝土损伤,以及提高试件承载能力,满足弯剪分离式组合连接节点预期1mm最大位移的要求。     

蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体填充墙框架结构抗震性能试验

为进一步改善框架结构平面内和平面外抗震性能,本文提出带X形斜撑的新型砌体填充墙构造方案,并进行了4榀蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体填充墙框架结构试验,以研究墙体构造措施和墙-框连接方式对框架结构抗震性能的影响。首先进行平面内水平低周往复荷载试验,随后进行历经平面内损伤的平面外单调静力加载试验,最后进行承载力、刚度退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的分析。结果表明:墙-框柔性连接方案下,填充墙框架结构的平面内及平面外水平承载力和初始刚度均小于刚性连接方案,而变形能力、耗能能力和位移延性等性能指标均比刚性连接表现更好;墙-框柔性连接且填充墙带X形斜撑框架结构的平面内及平面外抗震性能指标均有明显改善,更有利于抗震。     

可更换耗能板自复位梁柱节点静力性能研究

为提高装配式结构梁柱节点自复位性能和安装便捷性,基于损伤控制、震后更换和模块化装配的设计理念,提出了一种新型可更换弧形耗能板栓接自复位梁柱节点。建立了焊接节点、螺栓连接节点、狗骨形耗能板自复位节点以及新型可更换弧形耗能板自复位节点的精细化有限元模型,对其静力性能进行对比分析,并研究了所提新型连接节点的钢绞线初始预紧力大小、弧形耗能板的半径和厚度以及耗能板构造形式等参数对节点的承载力、自复位特性和耗能性能影响规律。研究表明：提出的新型节点初始刚度与焊接节点刚度基本相同,最大承载力优于焊接和栓接节点;新型节点的滞回曲线呈“旗帜形”,表现出良好的自复位性能;钢绞线初始预紧力太大会降低节点自复位性能;弧形耗能板的厚度和半径可调控节点承载力、自复位性能以及耗能能力;较狗骨形耗能板,弧形耗能板对自复位节点主体结构有更好的保护作用。     

古建筑木结构直榫和燕尾榫节点试验研究

通过对典型透榫和燕尾榫榫卯连接的模型低周反复荷载试验,研究了榫卯半刚性连接特性和刚度退化规律.试验得出榫卯连接的弯矩-转角滞回曲线及骨架曲线,并拟合出了弯矩-转角的关系方程和榫卯连接节点恢复力模型,由试验结果给出了两种榫卯连接刚度的非线性变化.研究结果为古建筑的抗震性能研究和修缮加固提供了理论基础.     

新型PEC柱-钢梁T形件连接组合框架层间抗震性能数值模拟

以采用预拉对穿螺栓T形焊接连接的新型卷边PEC柱-钢梁组合框架中间层子结构试验试件作为研究对象,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对其进行了拟静力循环荷载下抗震机理的数值模拟。基于模拟数据整理,分析了试件结构的承载力、抗侧刚度、节点连接性能、耗能能力、剪力分配、变形模式、节点域传力机理和破坏机构等抗震性能。研究结果显示:试件具有较高的承载能力、较大的初始抗侧刚度和良好的耗能能力;新型卷边PEC框架柱平均分担水平力,层间变形表现为剪切型变形模式;预拉对穿螺栓连接表现出部分自复位功效;T形件的设置既保证了节点的必要刚度,又使得试件破坏模式为梁端出现塑性铰位置外移至T形件外端部的塑性机构,更好地满足了"强柱弱梁"的抗震要求,且对应层间剪切角和节点连接转角均超过中震层间侧移限值1/50,表明该结构体系具有良好的抗倒塌能力。研究成果可为卷边PEC柱相关框架结构体系的进一步研究和工程应用推广提供参考。     

Role of wall panel connections on the seismic performance of precast structures

Past seismic events, including the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and the 2012 Emilia earthquake, clearly demonstrated the inadequacy of the current design approach for the connection system of the cladding wall panels of precast buildings. To clarify this problem the present paper investigates the seismic behaviour of a traditional precast structural frame for industrial buildings with a new type of connection system of cladding panels. This system consists of a statically determined pendulum arrangement of panels, each supported with two hinges to the structure, one at the top and one at the bottom, so to have under seismic action a pure frame behaviour where the wall panels are masses without stiffness. Adding mutual connections between the panels, the wall cladding panels become part of the resisting structure, leading to a dual frame/wall system or to a wall system depending on the stiffness of the connections. The seismic behaviour of this structural assembly is investigated for different degrees of interaction between frame and panels, as well as for an enhanced solution with dissipative connections. The results of nonlinear static (pushover) analyses and nonlinear dynamic analyses under recorded and artificial earthquakes highlight the role of the wall panel connections on the seismic behaviour of the structural assembly and show the effectiveness of the dual frame/wall system with dissipative connections between panels.     

Out‐of‐plane stability assessment of buckling‐restrained braces including connections with chevron configuration

One of the key limit states of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) is global flexural buckling including the effects of the connections. The authors have previously proposed a unified explicit equation set for controlling the out‐of‐plane stability of BRBs based on bending‐moment transfer capacity at the restrainer ends. The proposed equation set is capable of estimating BRB stability for various connection stiffnesses, including initial out‐of‐plane drift effects. However, it is only valid for symmetrical end conditions, limiting application to the single diagonal configuration. In the chevron configuration, the out‐of‐plane stiffness in the two ends differs because of the rotation of the attached beam. In this study, the equation set is extended to BRBs with asymmetric end conditions, such as the chevron configuration. Cyclic loading tests of the chevron configuration with initial out‐of‐plane drifts are conducted, and the results are compared with the proposed equation set, which is formulated as a function of the normalized stiffness of the attached beam. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Seismic response and energy dissipation of 3D complex steel buildings considering the influence of interior semi-rigid connections: low- medium- and high-rise

A numerical investigation regarding the seismic behavior of complex-3D steel buildings with perimeter moment resisting frames (PMRF) and interior gravity frames (GF) is conducted. The interior connections are assumed to be first perfectly pinned (PP) and then semi-rigid (SR); the two model responses are compared. Three steel building models representing low-, medium- and high-rise buildings, and several strong motions are used. The relative stiffness of SR connections is calculated according to the Richard Model and the Beam Line Theory. The Ruaumoko Computer Program is used to perform the required step-by-step nonlinear seismic analysis. Results indicate that interstory shears and interstory displacements at PMRF may be significantly reduced when interior connections are modeled as SR. Average reductions of up to 20, 46 and 11% are observed for interstory shears, for low-, medium-, and high-rise buildings, respectively. The corresponding reductions for interstory displacements are about 14, 44 and 15%. The contribution of GF to the lateral resistance is considerable, which significantly increases when the connections are modeled as SR; relative contributions larger than 80% are observed. The dissipated energy (DE) at PMRF is larger for the buildings with PP than for the buildings with SR connections indicating that damage at PMRF is reduced. Thus, the effect of the stiffness and the DE at interior connections should not be ignored. However, the design of some elements, particularly columns of the GF, has to be revised; these members may not be able to support the loads produced by the neglected lateral contribution if they are not properly designed.     

空间半刚性连接钢框架有限元分析和研究

对带双腹板顶底角钢连接以及外伸端板连接空间钢框架进行了非线性有限元分析，研究了空间钢框架的静力承载性能与节点刚度的关系，得到了不同节点刚度对空间钢框架位移和内力的影响结果，对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

屈曲约束支撑半刚性连接框架弹塑性地震位移简化计算

研究屈曲约束支撑半刚性连接框架弹塑性位移计算方法,为这种结构抗震设计提供依据.推导了屈曲约束支撑半刚性连接框架结构侧移刚度计算方法,通过计算屈曲约束支撑和半刚性连接在罕遇地震作用下的有效阻尼比,修正弹性设计反应谱,再利用修正后的设计反应谱进行结构弹塑性层间位移简化计算.通过与弹塑性时程分析对提出的计算方法进行验证.基于有效阻尼比的思想给出的弹塑性位移的简化计算方法可进行屈曲约束支撑半刚性连接框架罕遇地震下的抗震设计.     

The effective stiffness of modern unreinforced masonry walls

Code design of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is based on elastic analysis, which requires as input parameter the effective stiffness of URM walls. Eurocode estimates the effective stiffness as 50% of the gross sectional elastic stiffness, but comparisons with experimental results have shown that this may not yield accurate predictions. In this paper, 79 shear‐compression tests of modern URM walls of different masonry typologies from the literature are investigated. It shows that both the initial and the effective stiffness increase with increasing axial load ratio and that the effective‐to‐initial stiffness ratios are approximately 75% rather than the stipulated 50%. An empirical relationship that estimates the E‐modulus as a function of the axial load and the masonry compressive strength is proposed, yielding better estimates of the elastic modulus than the provision in Eurocode 6, which calculates the E‐modulus as a multiple of the compressive strength. For computing the ratio of the effective to initial stiffness, a mechanics‐based formulation is built on a recently developed analytical model for the force‐displacement response of URM walls. The model attributes the loss in stiffness to diagonal cracking and brick crushing, both of which are taken into account using mechanical considerations. The obtained results of the effective‐to‐initial stiffness ratio agree well with the test data. A sensitivity analysis using the validated model shows that the ratio of effective‐to‐initial stiffness is for most axial load ratios and wall geometries around 75%. Therefore, a modification of the fixed ratio of effective‐to‐initial stiffness from 50% to 75% is suggested.     

Horizontal cladding panels: in-plane seismic performance in precast concrete buildings

The paper investigates the in-plane performance of horizontal precast reinforced concrete cladding panels, typically adopted in one-storey precast industrial and commercial buildings. Starting from in-field observations of cladding panels failures in recent earthquakes, the seismic performance of typical connections is evaluated by means of experimental tests on full-scale panels under quasi-static cyclic loading. The failure mechanisms highlight the vulnerability of such connections to relative displacements and, therefore, the need to accurately evaluate the connections displacement demand and capacity. An analytical model is developed to describe the force–displacement relationship of the considered connections and compared to the experimental results. In order to determine the seismic vulnerability of such connections and provide design recommendations, linear and nonlinear analyses are conducted taking as reference a precast concrete structure resembling an industrial precast building. The results of the analyses show the importance of a correct estimation of the column’s lateral stiffness in the design process and how an improper erection procedure leads to a premature failure of such connections.     

Seismic response of self‐centring hysteretic SDOF systems

The seismic response of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems incorporating flag‐shaped hysteretic structural behaviour, with self‐centring capability, is investigated numerically. For a SDOF system with a given initial period and strength level, the flag‐shaped hysteretic behaviour is fully defined by a post‐yielding stiffness parameter and an energy‐dissipation parameter. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to determine the influence of these parameters on SDOF structural response, in terms of displacement ductility, absolute acceleration and absorbed energy. This parametric study was conducted using an ensemble of 20 historical earthquake records corresponding to ordinary ground motions having a probability of exceedence of 10% in 50 years, in California. The responses of the flag‐shaped hysteretic SDOF systems are compared against the responses of similar bilinear elasto‐plastic hysteretic SDOF systems. In this study the elasto‐plastic hysteretic SDOF systems are assigned parameters representative of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with post‐Northridge welded beam‐to‐column connections. In turn, the flag‐shaped hysteretic SDOF systems are representative of steel MRFs with newly proposed post‐tensioned energy‐dissipating connections. Building structures with initial periods ranging from 0.1 to 2.0s and having various strength levels are considered. It is shown that a flag‐shaped hysteretic SDOF system of equal or lesser strength can always be found to match or better the response of an elasto‐plastic hysteretic SDOF system in terms of displacement ductility and without incurring any residual drift from the seismic event. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铰接隅撑钢框架抗震性能研究

传统抗弯钢框架的梁柱节点通常设计为刚性连接,这种刚性节点具有很大的抗弯刚度,然而节点延性不足,罕遇地震作用导致节点脆性断裂。研究学者提出了多种解决该问题的思路,例如半刚性连接节点、节点加强或削弱方法使塑性铰外移等。本文提出了一种简化的梁柱节点连接方式-铰接连接,改变梁柱节点的传力方式,在节点处设置隅撑提供框架的抗侧刚度,控制结构的失效模式。本文设计了三组抗弯钢框架和铰接隅撑钢框架,分别为3层、5层和8层结构,通过Pushover分析和非线性动力时程分析,对比二者之间的承载力、刚度、延性和层间侧移等抗震性能。研究结果表明:铰接隅撑钢框架具有和传统抗弯钢框架相似的抗侧刚度,且承载能力略高。罕遇地震作用下,铰接隅撑钢框架的层间侧移较小。传统抗弯钢框架失效模式为梁端出现塑性铰,而铰接隅撑钢框架的塑性区域转移至隅撑与梁连接部位。     

Influence of connection typology on seismic response of MR‐Frames with and without ‘set‐backs’

The work presented is aimed at the investigation of the influence of beam‐to‐column connections on the seismic response of MR‐Frames, with and without ‘set‐backs’, designed according to the Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control. The investigated connection typologies are four partial strength connections whose structural details have been designed to obtain the same flexural resistance. The first three joints are designed by means of hierarchy criteria based on the component approach and are characterized by different location of the weakest joint component, leading to different values of joint rotational stiffness and plastic rotation supply and affecting the shape of the hysteresis loops governing the dissipative capacity. The last typology is a beam‐to‐column connection equipped with friction pads devoted to the dissipation of the earthquake input energy, thus preventing the connection damage. An appropriate modelling is needed to accurately represent both strength and deformation characteristics, especially with reference to partial‐strength connections where the dissipation of the earthquake input energy occurs. To this aim, beam‐to‐column joints are modelled by means of rotational inelastic springs located at the ends of the beams whose moment‐rotation curve is characterized by a cyclic behaviour which accounts for stiffness and strength degradation and pinching phenomena. The parameters characterizing the cyclic hysteretic behaviour have been calibrated on the base of experimental results aiming to the best fitting. Successively, the prediction of the structural response of MR‐Frames, both regular frames and frames with set‐backs, equipped with such connections has been carried out by means of both push‐over and Incremental Dynamic Analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.