地理国情普查生产前期数据的分析与总结

质量是一个工程的生命与灵魂,专题资料的分析与利用直接关系到地理国情普查的质量.现从国情普查专题资料的分析、筛选、整合、利用等几个方面分析专题资料在国情普查生产的应用,同时研究专题资料使用方法的技术路线为以后专题资料的利用提供参考.     

地理国情普查内业编辑与整理的若干问题与探讨

地理国情普查内业编辑与整理工作是地理国情普查一项十分重要的工作,该工序质量直接影响到数据入库、统计分析的质量。本文从地理国情普查内业编辑与整理工序的影像、资料、外业核查、要素间相互关系等几方面进行分析与探讨,研究其解决办法,希望能对相关的生产有所裨益。     

地理国情普查中专题资料的应用

本文陈述地理国情普查的目的,分析地理国情普查的项目和确定的原则,并介绍地理国情普查的内容,在此基础上,详细阐述各种专题资料在地理国情普查中的应用范围和方式,总结出地理国情普查的必要性。     

基于地理国情普查的生态环境动态监测方法研究

综合利用第一次全国地理国情普查数据、多时相遥感影像资料、基础地理信息数据,结合相关专题资料,利用空间分析、统计分析、地理相关分析等方法,开展水源地水域、植被、居民点、道路、点污染源及防治设施5个方面的专题分析,研究丹江口库区生态环境动态监测方法,为后续监测提供理论基础和技术指导;同时发挥地理国情普查成果的作用,为地理国情普查(监测)数据挖掘及信息服务应用积累经验。     

浅谈地理国情普查项目资料的利用与分析

地理国情普查项目是一项重大的国情国力调查项目,实施过程中采用了GIS、GPS、RS等先进技术,充分利用测绘地理信息资源,整合利用其他行业相关专题信息,通过多源影像内业解译、外业调查、信息提取、统计分析等技术手段,获取反映自然资源、生态环境和人文现象的空间分布及其相互关系的全部资料。资料的利用和分析是地理国情普查项目的前期准备工作,它将在地理国情普查项目的进度及质量方面起着至关重要的作用。     

地理国情普查专题图制作系统设计

研究从地理国情普查专题图编制具体需求出发,在分析普查专题图工艺流程的基础上,提出一种专题图制作系统设计方案,从基础制图平台设计、自动化模块设计和交互式制图处理等3个方面进行研究。该成果期望为地理国情普查专题图快速、自动化制图等方面提供借鉴。     

测绘监理在第一次地理国情普查项目中的应用

地理国情普查是国家测绘地理信息局在全国范围内开展的一个全新的综合性测绘项目,具有任务周期短、质量要求高、工序流程复杂等特点。根据常州市第一次地理国情普查项目中测绘监理工作实践,探讨了国情普查项目中监理工作内容和工作方法,分析了测绘监理在国情普查项目中的作用。通过分析总结在该项目测绘监理中发现的一些问题及处理方法,形成一些地理国情方面的监理心得,可以作为其他省市开展类似项目的参考和借鉴。     

基于FME的地理国情覆盖要素提取技术探讨

结合武汉市地理国情普查工作现状,分析了采用矢量和栅格叠加方式进行地表覆盖分类的问题和不足,提出针对大比例尺地形图数据进行专题要素提取和处理的技术。研究结果表明,该方法能提高地表覆盖分类处理的效率和质量,对地理国情普查工作的开展具有一定的指导意义。     

地理国情普查专题分析评价实例探究

地理国情普查专题分析评价是地理国情普查统计分析中重要的一环,对于成果数据的挖掘与应用具有很大的现实意义。通过专题分析评价,可以对普查区域的专题信息做一全面展示。通过实例探究,对这一过程做了详细介绍并总结了相关经验。     

地理国情普查质量控制方法探讨

质量是地理国情普查的根本,地理国情普查的成败关键在于质量。依据国家相关标准、地理国情普查相关技术规程,分析地理国情普查过程中影响质量的主要因素,对地理国情普查质量控制方法进行讨论。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。