晋南稷山仁和天然矿泉水水质评价

稷山仁和矿泉水赋存于第四系中更新统中细砂层中，含水层厚１７ｍ，富水性很强，单位涌水量可达４０．２９ｍ￣３／ｈ·ｍ，水位埋深１４２ｍ。该矿泉水含锶达２．２７８ｍｇ／Ｌ偏硅酸３９．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，锂的含量也高达０．１５ｍｇ／Ｌ以上。矿化度超过１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，水温达３７～３８℃。经山西省矿产储量委员会审定为含锶、偏硅酸的重碳酸硫酸钠型饮用及医用矿泉水。     

承德市乾隆泉饮用天然矿泉水特征

乾隆泉饮用天然矿泉水产于著名的承德避暑山庄之南的崔梨沟。该泉水受ＮＮＷ向大南沟断裂控制。赋存岩层为上株罗系张家口组、鸡冠山组火山碎屑岩。降水入渗过程中，淋滤了火山凝灰岩中的多种成分，形成了重碳酸钙－钠型、低矿化度矿泉水，水中含偏硅酸４９．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，氟１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，锶０．１３６ｍｇ／Ｌ，锌０．００４ｍｇ／Ｌ，锂０．００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，对人类具有很高的医疗保健价值。     

临汾市东亢锌－锶－偏硅酸优质饮用天然矿泉水

东亢矿泉水处于临汾断陷盆地边缘山前地带。矿泉水赋存于石炭系、奥陶系及侵入岩体的裂隙中。单井涌水量达７１．４ｍ￣３／ｈ，水位埋深５１．０９ｍ。矿泉水中锌、锶、偏硅酸分别为０．２８９ｍｇ／Ｌ，１．２８ｍｇ／Ｌ，３３．２８ｍｇ／Ｌ，属锌锶偏硅酸－重碳酸·硫酸－钠型优质矿泉水，具有良好的开发前景。     

迁安吉王庄磁化偏硅酸天然矿泉水

迁安县吉王庄矿泉水含偏硅酸３６．７３￣４０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，并含有锂、锶、锌、碘、硒等多种有益于人体健康的微量元素。以低钠（８．６ｍｇ／Ｌ），低矿化度（１４９ｍｇ／Ｌ）和天然磁化为主要特征。由此命名为低钠、低矿化度、重碳酸钙型饮用天然磁化偏硅酸矿泉水。矿泉水赋存于太古界迁西群变质岩类裂隙含水层中。由断裂沟通风化网状裂隙潜水层与深部构造脉状裂隙承压含水带，补给源远流长，水量季节变化甚小，水温１２℃，稳定     

秦皇岛市韩庄锶－偏硅酸天然矿泉水

韩庄矿泉水井位于混合花岗岩二级台地上。矿泉水是降水经由混合花岗岩的风化裂隙和构造裂隙深循环而成。涌水量８１．７９ｍ￣３／ｄ。水中含锶１．１６ｍｇ／Ｌ偏硅酸４９．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。矿化度２９３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，水化学类型为硫酸重碳酸氯化物－钙·钠型水。矿泉水井位于风景优美的秦皇岛市郊，无工业污染，并有广阔的销售前景，是有潜力的矿泉水生产基地。     

定州市燕家佐锶—偏硅酸天然矿泉水

饮用天然矿泉水水源地位于太行山前的唐河、大沙河冲洪积扇交叠部位。“矿水床”深度为６０￣１３６ｍ，上更新统下部为石英、长石质粗砂及花岗岩、片麻岩、石英岩质的砾石、卵石。长石类矿物均有风化现象，经过与地下水化学成分的交替、溶滤作用，在地下水中某些有益组分得以富集，Ｓｒ含量０．２７￣０．４７６ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｈ２ＳｉＯ３２６．４７￣３１．４１ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｎａ９．３￣１６．６ｍｇ／Ｌ，矿化度３２１￣４７５ｍｇ／Ｌ     

盂县方山饮用天然矿泉水的形成条件及水质评价

盂县方山饮用矿泉水于１９９３年５月经山西省饮用天然矿泉水技术评审组审查鉴定符合《饮用天然矿泉水》国家标准。达标组分为Ｓｒ（１．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）。可定名为低钠锶矿泉水。矿泉水出露于方山北侧，山间谷地的二叠系山西组砂岩中，谷地之南为方山森林公园。开发前景良好。     

定州市燕家佐锶－偏硅酸天然矿泉水

饮用天然矿泉水水源地位于太行山前的唐河、大沙河冲洪积扇交叠部位。“矿水床”深度为６０～１３６ｍ，上更新统下部为石英、长石质粗砂及花岗岩、片麻岩、石英岩质的砾石、卵石。长石类矿物均有风化现象，经过与地下水化学成分的交替、溶滤作用，在地下水中某些有益组分得以富集，Ｓｒ含量０．２７～０．４７６ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｈ＿２ＳｉＯ＿３２６．４７～３１．４１ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｎａ９．３～１６．６ｍｇ／Ｌ，矿化度３２１～４７５ｍｇ／Ｌ，属低钠、低矿化度、锶－偏硅酸重碳酸钙型饮用天然矿泉水。其中，尚含Ｌｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｂｒ等对人体健康有益的微量元素。同位素氚的测试结果：１９．２１±５．３５ＴＵ及５．０７±３．２２ＴＵ。抽水试验结果为Ｓ＝５ｍ时，Ｑ＝３６～１９７ｍ￣３／ｈ。     

涞源拒马锶—偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

通过４个月实地和近３年的追踪观测，查明拒马矿泉水产于涞源县浮图峪铜矿区的闪长玢岩与夕卡岩接触带中。Ｈ２ＳｉＯ３含量２５￣３９ｍｇ／Ｌ；Ｓｒ含量０．４０￣０．３９ｍｇ／Ｌ，还含有ＣＯ２，Ｉ，Ｂｒ，Ｌｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｓｅ，Ｃｕ等多种对人体有益的微量元素，是极为定贵的矿泉水资源。     

定襄七郎山锶－偏硅酸天然矿泉水水质特征

定襄七郎山矿泉水井，位于定襄无畏庄七郎山山脚下。含水层为滹沱群东冶亚群瑶池村组白云质灰岩和白云岩，为具有深循环远源补给的岩溶裂隙水。通过理化检测，天然水质优良，属锶（１．７２ｍｇ／Ｌ），偏硅酸（２５ｍｇ／Ｌ）天然矿泉水，开发前景良好。     

贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水化学特征及其宏量组分来源分析

贵州省饮用天然矿泉水资源非常丰富,且水质优良,本文对贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水进行了系统的水样采集、水质化验等工作。检测结果显示,贵州省岩溶区饮用天然矿泉水pH值7. 0～8. 1,为中性水;溶解性总固体(TDS)含量介于160. 64～925. 10 mg/L之间,平均含量为369. 70 mg/L,属淡水;总硬度(以CaCO_3计) 136. 8～740. 6 mg/L,平均硬度为293. 0 mg/L,属微硬-硬水;有益元素锶含量介于0. 11～6. 91 mg/L之间,平均含量为1. 28 mg/L,总体上,贵州省饮用天然矿泉水属中性微硬-硬富锶型淡水。Piper三线图显示其水化学类型以HCO~(3-)-Ca~(2+)(Mg~(2+))为主。基于前人研究成果,并结合多种地球化学图解分析,旨在剖析贵州省饮用天然矿泉水水化学特征,探讨其宏量组分来源。贵州省饮用天然矿泉水Gibbs图解显示,其水化学组分主要来源于岩石风化淋滤作用,部分受大气降雨影响较明显; Mg/Na-Ca/Na图解投点均落于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩之间,且明显偏向于碳酸盐岩,指示其主要受控于碳酸盐岩的溶滤作用;HCO~(3-)-(Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+))图解投点主要集中在方解石和白云石过渡区域,显示其主要来源于方解石的溶解,白云石溶解亦有一定贡献。通过宏量组分来源相关分析,对贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水成因规律的认识有一定指导意义。     

赣南山区矿泉水出露模式探讨

赣南属于典型的山区,也是严重缺水区,一般在山区沟谷两侧有优质矿泉水涌出地表。宁都县位于赣南北部,具有赣南典型的地貌特征、构造特征。现以宁都县为例,探讨矿泉水的分布与出露模式。通过区域地质调查、水文地质条件分析及水质分析,发现:矿泉水类型主要为偏硅酸矿泉水,含量30.72~48.56 mg/L,水化学类型为HCO_3-CaNa型水,水温普遍低于25℃,溶解性总固体小于153.53 mg/L,属于低矿化冷矿泉;断裂构造为矿泉水形成提供水动力条件,也为矿泉水的运移、贮存提供良好空间;地形地貌以侵蚀构造山地丘陵为主,高差大、切割深的径流条件促进了地下水中偏硅酸的富集;花岗岩中的高含量SiO_2为矿泉水提供了物质基础,且风化程度高、裂隙发育,水岩作用进行充分。     

青海玉树热水沟天然矿泉水形成条件及水质分析

玉树“4．14”地震期间中国地质调查局对玉树地区进行水工环调查评价工作,发现玉树热水沟泉水具有天然饮用矿泉水的特征,该泉水中锶离子含量为0．62mg／L,已经达到国家饮用天然矿泉水标准,属于富锶型矿泉水,具有较高开发利用价值。本文对其矿泉水形成条件进行了初步的探讨,并对该矿泉水的水质进行了分析,对今后该矿泉水合理开发利用资源具有十分重要意义。     

东江源地表水污染优先控制治理分析

将东江源沿线18个水环境功能区划分成寻乌控制单元、安远控制单元和定南控制单元,2011~2012年间进行东江源地表水水质监测和污染负荷核算,结果表明,影响最广的主要污染源包括农业面源污染、城镇化加剧的区域生活污染和矿产企业工业点源污染,东江源地表水水质污染趋重,污染物以COD、氨氮和总氮为主,这些污染物指标均值分别为21.86mg·L-1、0.90mg·L-1、0.96mg·L-1,污染负荷分别达1 235.9t·a-1、622.8t·a-1和3 361.8t·a-1;筛选确定了寻乌、定南控制单元2个优先治理单元,以及寻乌县石排下游、定南下历河砂头下游2个重点监控点。其中寻乌控制单元主要污染物的年污染输出最大,分别占东江源流域的56.5%、51.5%、44.9%;安远控制单元的水质监测和年污染负荷量相对较低;定南控制单元主要污染物指标分别为26.4mg·L-1、1.41mg·L-1和1.13mg·L-1,劣Ⅴ类水质的功能区2个,数量最多。     

A preliminary study on the spatial distribution characteristics and causes of strontium-rich mineral water in the Dushan complex

The mountain rocks in the Dushan Complex are Sr-rich granite with a much higher Sr level than those in other crustal lithospheres in eastern China. That presents a high potential for developing Sr-rich mineral water. In this study, 6 groups of rock samples, together with 30 groups of water samples, were collected. Combining with the existing data, the Sr contents in three different types of underground water were obtained, which are the Quaternary pore water, the meshed bedrock fissure water in weathered zones and the tectonic bedrock fissure water. On the basis of preliminary understanding for the distribution characteristics of Sr-rich mineral water in the Dushan Mountain region, the causes for the Sr-rich mineral water were investigated. Our results showed that the Sr content of the rocks in the studied area ranges from 988 to 1 950 μg/g. In the horizontal direction, those in both the pore water and the meshed bedrock fissure water in weathered zones show high values in the west but low ones in the east, and high ones in the south but low ones in the north. Furthermore, both types of water meet the standard for Sr-rich mineral water in the western areas. In the vertical direction, the Sr content shows the lowest value in pore water(the average value is 0.707 mg/L), middle value in the meshed bedrock fissure water in weathered zones(the average value is 1.415 mg/L) and the highest value in the tectonic bedrock fissure water(the average value is 8.331 mg/L). It was thought that the widely-developed Sr-rich granite in this region provides physical sources for the formation of Sr-rich mineral water. The continuous dissolution of Sr during underground water runoff is the internal mechanism. In addition, the hydraulic interrelations may exist between the three vertical aquifers, leading a continuous accumulation of the Sr level during infiltration.     

基于典型钻孔的江汉平原地下水成因分析

江汉平原地下水需求量日益增加、水质持续恶化,深入探究地下水的成因,对于地下水的合理利用与评价具有重要意义.选取江汉平原腹地YLW01钻孔和汉江附近HJ007钻孔为研究对象,钻探采集原状土柱,提取孔隙水,分析其水化学和氘氧同位素特征.研究表明:YLW01孔中深层砂性土孔隙水为咸水,TDS为1 131~4 013 mg/L,粘性土孔隙水为淡水;HJ007孔孔隙水均为淡水.YLW01孔中深层砂性土孔隙水的高SO₄2-含量（459~2 124 mg/L）,由石膏溶解形成;HJ007孔中深层孔隙水的高NO₃-含量（22~315 mg/L）,由土壤中硝化作用形成.孔隙水化学成分主要受矿物溶解和阳离子交替吸附作用影响,在长江和汉江带作用程度不同.氘氧同位素特征表明孔隙水来源于大气降水,且汉江带浅层地下水受到明显的地表水混合.江汉平原两个钻孔水化学与同位素的差异受长江和汉江影响带河湖相沉积环境、沉积物粒度及矿物组成所控制.      

利用矿物方解石进行水体除磷实验研究

为探索解决水体富营养化问题的新方法,利用矿物方解石对含磷溶液进行了除磷实验。实验结果表明,方解石晶芽可以促进磷的沉淀,降低溶液磷浓度;其降磷效果与溶液初始磷浓度有关,初始磷浓度为1.2mg/L,除磷率为12.68%,初始磷浓度为3mg/L,除磷率为69.94%,初始磷浓度为5mg/L,除磷率为88.48%;同样,实验温度升高,可使方解石降磷效果明显提高。经透射电子显微镜测试,除磷沉淀物没有明显的晶质体特征。     

Natural acid rock drainage associated with black shale in the Yukon Territory,Canada

Investigated herein are water and sediment geochemistry, and metal attenuation processes associated with natural acid rock drainage originating from black shale formations in the Macmillan Pass area, Clear Lake prospect and Engineer Creek by the Dempster Highway in the Yukon Territory, Canada. The most metalliferous water having pH 3.0, 150 mg/L Zn, 39 mg/L Ni, 2.8 mg/L Cu and 9.1 mg/L As was found in a tributary stream of Engineer Creek with no known mineral deposits occurring in the vicinity. For all three study areas, the water and sediment geochemistry is significantly affected by the local lithology and prevailing metal attenuation processes. Despite their anomalous acidity and metal contents, the natural acid streams contribute only a small fraction of the contaminant loadings to the major water courses because of their low flows. Dilution, neutralization, sorption and co-precipitation are identified as the major mechanisms attenuating aqueous transport of potentially deleterious metals. However, microbial mediation in metal attenuation is also evident in low-flow systems. The wide variation of water and sediment geochemistry along a flow path renders the establishment of background metal values difficult. In assessing environmental impacts, it may be more practical to consider metal loadings on a watershed scale than to rely on a comparison with operationally defined background concentrations.