综合BIM结合表面图像分析的钢结构无损检测方法

采用质量脆弱性评价方法检测地震区绿色施工建筑钢结构时,易受噪声的干扰,且检测深度较浅,未能全面检测钢结构的损坏情况。提出综合BIM结合表面图像分析的钢结构无损检测方法,使用小波分解方法对建筑钢结构的检测图像进行去噪处理,通过膨胀与腐蚀处理增强检测图像的清晰度,采用红外图像技术,依据缺陷边缘处检测图像恢复的变化率,通过旋转跟踪法依次提取缺陷边缘,构建基于BIM的地震区绿色施工建筑钢结构检测模型,全面掌控地震区绿色建筑钢结构的材料、无损检测以及管理等过程,管控建筑钢结构全寿命周期,完成建筑钢结构的无损检测。实验结果表明,所提方法有效检测率为100%,检测深度高达1 499 mm,且检测结果的相对误差仅有0.000 7%。     

发展绿色高性能混凝土促进可持续发展(英文)

面对自然资源不断减少和环境污染日益严重的问题,普通混凝土已经不能很好地适应社会经济发展需要,人们对混凝土性能提出了更高要求。混凝土材料的发展须与保护环境、节约能源、节省资源综合考虑,协调发展。绿色高性能混凝土(GHPC)是近年发展起来的一种绿色、环保、符合我国可持续发展战略的新型建筑材料。本文介绍了绿色高性能混凝土的概念以及特征,分析了绿色混凝土的分类及目前的应用状况,进而提出了绿色混凝土尚存在的问题。明确地指出发展绿色高性能混凝土是混凝土材料可持续发展的必然方向。     

“绿色”纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究及发展

纤维增强材料对于改善水泥基材料的韧性和抗冲击性、大幅度提高混凝土的断裂能、防止混凝土发生脆性破坏具有重要意义;而"绿色"纤维在提高混凝土结构安全性的同时,具有环保、节能、利废、可降解再生等特性。本文介绍了"绿色"纤维的分类,分析了"绿色"纤维增强水泥基材料的特点,总结了"绿色"纤维在水泥基材料中应用、研究的进展。指出:"绿色"纤维与水泥基材料复合,适应循环经济和建材行业可持续发展的要求,是未来纤维增强水泥基复合材料发展的主要方向。     

基于实例分析的绿色钢结构抗震与环保性能研究

为优化绿色钢结构建筑的安全性能与环保性能,基于一40层框架-支撑钢结构建筑实例进行抗震性能与环保性能分析。根据实际建筑参数构建该绿色钢结构建筑剖面图,基于时程分析法记录不同地震波作用下建筑水平位移随时间变化情况,基于Pushover分析法分析方钢管混凝土组合异形柱在罕见地震中的基底剪力和弹塑性变形,基于对比实验方法验证其环保优越性,并得出以下结论：建筑的方钢管混凝土组合异形柱符合国家抗震性能要求,整体建筑的抗震性能随楼层的增加而减弱;与钢筋混凝土结构、砖混结构相比,钢结构能有效节约施工水电用量、降低施工噪声,是一种抗震性强、环保性能优的绿色建筑形式。     

浅析建筑防火材料市场应用规范管理

建筑防火材料是随着现代工艺技术的创新发展而出现的一种新型的建筑材料,其兼具防火和建筑施工两种基本性能特点,拥有性价比高、使用便捷等优势成为市面上较为流行的建筑材料。但是由于建筑防火材料正处于起步阶段,其生产工艺还未成熟,相应的市场规范管理制度尚未建立,导致其在市场应用上存在些许不足,严重影响建筑防火材料的长久发展。     

钢筋混凝土建筑在连续震动下的壁板结构破坏程度分析

计算连续震动下钢筋混凝土建筑的壁板结构破坏程度需要对大量数据进行回归计算,不能快速、有效地确定壁板承载力,因此提出一种新型钢筋混凝土建筑在连续震动下的壁板结构破坏程度分析方法。通过确定混凝土建筑材料、钢筋材料、壁板截面与单元材料等属性参数,完成钢筋混凝土壁板结构有限元建模;通过对连续震动下破坏壁板结构的内、外力分析,确定壁板结构总体破坏程度。设计对比实验结果表明,应用新型壁板结构破坏程度分析方法能有效确定壁板抗剪承载力和抗弯承载力,避免因壁板结构失去支撑力,而造成建筑损坏现象发生。     

中强地震下建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型研究

抗震性能是建筑设计中的一项重要指标,需要对地震作用下的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤情况进行分析。提出一种中强地震下建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型研究方法。从有效应力与Cauchy应力张量\,建筑材料损伤演化方程等方面对弹塑性损伤模型基本原理进行分析,以此为理论基础,分析建筑材料应变率与建筑结构损伤能释放率的相关关系,通过Bonora损伤模型获取失效建筑材料损伤指数,并计算整体建筑结构构件损伤指数,以建筑材料损伤指数和建筑结构构件损伤指数为依据,完成中强地震下的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型构建。利用实例进行分析,地震加速度值为0.3g的情况下,该模型的建筑结构相对位移时程曲线与实际位移曲线拟合度较高,且具有较好的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模拟精度,表明该模型具有一定的可行性。     

EPS混凝土试验、本构模型及节能评价研究

正发泡聚苯乙烯(expanded polystyrene,简称EPS)混凝土是一种新型节能建筑材料。由于利用废弃的塑料泡沫作为主要骨料代替混凝土中的部分沙石,所以具有轻质、保温、节能、利废、环保的特性,EPS混凝土的材料研发与工程应用在建筑领域和环境科学领域中固体废弃物回收利用方面逐渐成为研究热点。本文在国内外EPS混凝土前期工作的基础上,针对东北地区建筑高能耗问题,从宏观、粗观、细观、微观4个层次对EPS混凝土的材料组成、结     

基于震害预测的动态震害矩阵方法研究

基于时间因素(材料内部作用、荷载作用和环境影响)和事件因素中的地震因素和抗震加固,通过结构可靠度理论研究和结构材料与构件的试验分析,结合现有的结构动态抗力函数以及不同极限破坏状态和结构抗力之间的对应关系,建立结构的动态易损性。研究事件因素中的拆迁和新建对城市建筑结构数量和类型的影响,以及未来城市不同结构类型的变化特点,给出未来城市的动态震害矩阵;研究群体震害矩阵的异地应用和事件因素中拆迁和新建建筑对震害矩阵的影响,在已有震害预测城市的建筑结构基础资料上,应用模糊数学中可信度方法,形成目标城市的动态震害矩阵,有利于进行结构的抗震设防和地震风险分析。     

农户在防震抗震方面的行为研究

我国农民大多未受过地震灾害的袭击,缺乏居安思危的意识,政府在抗震技术和房屋抗震设防方面缺少监管,农户受资金、抗震设防知识等因素的制约,在建房时不进行正规设计,在建筑材料的选择上采用比较廉价的不合格的材料,在施工时不注重建筑质量,而把大量的资金用于装修上,从而导致农村居民建筑的"小震级,大震害"的现象层出不穷。     

Long‐term and seasonal hydrologic performance of an extensive green roof

Sustainable strategies such as green roofs have been implemented as stormwater management tools to mitigate disturbance of the hydrologic cycle resulting from urbanization. Green roofs, also referred to as vegetated roofs, can improve the urban landscape by reducing heat island effects, providing ecosystem services, and facilitating the retention and treatment of stormwater. Green roofs have received particular attention because they do not require acquisition and development of land and represent an application of biomimicry in design and construction. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), antecedent dry period (ADP), and seasonal variation on the run‐off quantity and distribution of an extensive, sedum covered, green roof on a commercial building in Syracuse, NY, USA. The green roof greatly facilitated retention of precipitation events without significant changes over the 4‐year study. The green roof retained on average 95.9 ± 3.6% (6.5 ± 5.6 mm) per rainfall event, with a range from 75% to 99.6% (33.2 to 3.3 mm). However, as precipitation quantity increased, the retention of water decreased. This high water retention capacity was the result of the combined effects of ET, stormwater storage (plants, growth media, and stormwater retention layer), and limited surface run‐off from the roof deck due to variation in the sloping of the green roof and the tapered insulation to the deck drains. The water retention capacity of the green roof did not change significantly between growing and nongrowing seasons. Slightly greater precipitation during the growing season coincided with increased ET. Average potential ET during the growing season was approximately 3 times greater than during the nongrowing season. The hydrologic performance of the green roof was not significantly impacted by an ADP greater than 2 days.     

搭建蔬菜大棚对固原地电台视电阻率观测影响的分析

通过观测,理论计算和实验研究,探讨了固原地电台测区内搭建蔬菜大棚后北东及东西测道视电阻率测值快速上升的原因,定量解释了搭建蔬菜大棚对固原地电观测的影响,并研究和总结了这种影响的机制。从而认为,2008年3月下旬固原视电阻率出现的高值变化不属于地震异常,并为今后判断引起地电测值变化的原因提供了依据。     

Simplified macro‐model for infill masonry walls considering the out‐of‐plane behaviour

One of the main challenges in earthquake risk mitigation is the assessment of existing buildings not designed according to modern codes and the development of effective techniques to strengthen these structures. Particular attention should be given to RC frame structures with masonry infill panels, as demonstrated by their poor performance in recent earthquakes in Europe. Understanding the seismic behaviour of masonry‐infilled RC frames presents one of the most difficult problems in structural engineering. Analytical tools to evaluate infill–frame interaction and the failure mechanisms need to be further studied. This research intends to develop a simplified macro‐model that takes into account the out‐of‐plane behaviour of the infill panels and the corresponding in‐plane and out‐of‐plane interaction when subjected to seismic loadings. Finally, a vulnerability assessment of an RC building will be performed in order to evaluate the influence of the out‐of‐plane consideration in the building response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高层建筑典型外墙保温材料火蔓延特性数值模拟研究

有机保温材料被广泛应用于高层建筑外墙保温体系的同时,也可能增加高层建筑的火灾风险。本文通过计算机模拟,着重研究了保温材料之一的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（EPS）的火蔓延速率、失重速率及温度场分布等特性。研究结果发现：发生火灾后,外墙保温材料可以在很短的时间内自下而上蔓延至整个材料表面,并有表皮着火的现象。在火焰到达材料顶部之前,向上火蔓延占主导地位,材料中部区域明显燃烧脱落,火焰在材料两端上部继续燃烧,有向下加速蔓延的趋势;之后,火焰沿着材料中部内侧向下剧烈燃烧,材料呈V字型燃烧直至熄灭。在高层建筑外墙外保温材料火蔓延中,不同着火点情况下的燃烧速率随时间变化的趋势相似,且会形成两个波峰。     

Combined effects of axial load and concrete strength variation on the seismic performance of existing RC buildings

It is well known that the axial load plays an important role in the evaluation of the structural capacity of RC columns. In existing buildings this problem can be even more significant than in new ones, since the material can easily present poor mechanical properties. The paper is aimed at the investigation of the role of the axial load variation on the seismic performance of RC columns of a case-study, i.e. a doubly symmetric 4-storey RC building. The effects of the axial load variation have been checked on the first storey columns, by comparing the seismic response, measured in terms of chord rotation and shear force, with the corresponding capacity. The sensitivity of the seismic performance to the axial load is evaluated with special attention on the type of analysis adopted to determine the seismic response and on considering a wide range of values for the concrete strength. The study points out a non-negligible effect of the axial load variation on the seismic response of the case-study building, especially when combined to concrete strength variability.     

On the variability of concrete strength as a source of irregularity in elevation for existing RC buildings: a case study

A proper assumption of the concrete strength is essential to model existing RC structures; their seismic performance, in fact, can be affected by the poor quality of materials, both in terms of low strength and high variability. This paper considers the effects of the variability of concrete strength within buildings. Due to the high variability of concrete strength, in fact, buildings can experience irregular seismic responses, both in plan and in elevation. This research investigates the effects of irregularity in elevation due to the strength variability of concrete in a case study, namely a four-storey RC framed building, designed for vertical loads only. The variability of the concrete strength has been evaluated on the basis of an extensive survey carried out by the REGIONE TOSCANA (Tuscany Regional Government) on a large sample of RC framed buildings. Special attention has been paid to the adequacy of current codes provisions (Eurocodes, FEMA) on how to quantify concrete strength.     

Estimation of the behavior factor of existing RC-MRF buildings

In recent years, several research groups have studied a new generation of analysis methods for seismic response assessment of existing buildings. Nevertheless, many important developments are still needed in order to define more reliable and effective assessment procedures. Moreover, regarding existing buildings, it should be highlighted that due to the low knowledge level, the linear elastic analysis is the only analysis method allowed. The same codes (such as NTC2008, EC8) consider the linear dynamic analysis with behavior factor as the reference method for the evaluation of seismic demand. This type of analysis is based on a linear-elastic structural model subject to a design spectrum, obtained by reducing the elastic spectrum through a behavior factor. The behavior factor (reduction factor or q factor in some codes) is used to reduce the elastic spectrum ordinate or the forces obtained from a linear analysis in order to take into account the non-linear structural capacities. The behavior factors should be defined based on several parameters that influence the seismic nonlinear capacity, such as mechanical materials characteristics, structural system, irregularity and design procedures. In practical applications, there is still an evident lack of detailed rules and accurate behavior factor values adequate for existing buildings. In this work, some investigations of the seismic capacity of the main existing RC-MRF building types have been carried out. In order to make a correct evaluation of the seismic force demand, actual behavior factor values coherent with force based seismic safety assessment procedure have been proposed and compared with the values reported in the Italian seismic code, NTC08.     

景观建筑挡土墙优化设计后抗震性能的实验测试研究

目前的景观建筑设计中往往更注重建筑的景观性,而忽略了建筑的安全稳定性,导致景观建筑的整体抗震效果较差,在景观建筑设计中加入挡土墙设计可以有效提高其抗震性。为此,设计一种具有一定抗震性能的景观建筑挡土墙,利用建筑施工过程中保留的复合纤维材料、建筑垃圾以及纤维绳等作为土墙填充物,并加入具有一定抗拉能力的拉筋材料,以保持土墙内部的稳定性。考虑景观建筑通常注重外观视觉效果,使用"平改坡"设计,在墙体表面种植具有一定视觉冲击的植物,增加土墙自重,促进土墙整体结构的稳定性。分析挡土墙后面无限倾斜填土受力状态,选取菱形微小单元体作为研究对象,计算景观建筑的挡土墙土压力强度。实验证明,优化设计的景观建筑挡土墙结构可以有效增强景观建筑的整体抗震能力。     

基于交通振动环境下建筑结构损伤机理及减振隔振的研究现状

随着交通建设的发展,越来越多的公路要临近已有建筑物通过,而由于建设或重车通行引起的振动对周边建筑结构产生了很大的安全威胁,严重的甚至造成了建筑结构的损坏。论文通过对交通振动下建筑结构的振动控制标准和在振动中的损伤机理进行综述,系统总结了交通振动对建筑影响的方法,介绍了目前交通振动对建筑结构安全性影响的研究现状和方法,分析了减振隔振的发展现状,创新性的提出将疲劳寿命作为建筑结构振动容许值的参考依据。在总结分析现状的情况下提出目前存在的问题,给出了相关的意见和建议,可为今后的相关研究提供参考。