塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系生油岩成油期：兼谈喜山晚期“二次生油”

寒武一奥陶系生油岩是塔里木盆地主力油源，尤以满加尔坳陷发育最佳。本文以基础数据为依据，主要论述该套烃源岩的成油期问题，认为寒武系生油岩主成油期为古生代，并在中新生代具二次生油特点；奥陶系生油岩主成油期为海西晚期（满加尔坳陷）和中新生代。塔北、塔中诸多高产油气田中的油气主要为中新生代所形成。     

《中国东部第三系含油盆地的孢粉相与孢粉颜色研究》一书出版

该书对渤海湾盆地的下辽河坳陷、渤海海区、冀中坳陷、黄骅坳陷、东濮坳陷;江汉—洞庭湖盆地的江汉坳陷、洞庭湖坳陷;南襄盆地;苏北—南黄海盆地;东海陆架盆地;南海盆地等的第三系地层进行系统的孢粉相和孢粉颜色研究,获得各含油盆地第三系生油岩孢粉相与孢粉颜色的数据和特征,探讨其沉积环境、生油母质与油气成熟度,评价其生油潜力,为我国东部第三系含油盆地的石油勘探和油气资源评价提供科学依据,也为我国孢粉学研究增添新内容.     

南黄海盆地找油新方向的探讨

本文认为南黄海盆地北、南两大坳陷差异较大,部署油气勘探工作应区别对待.北坳很可能有晚侏罗世的莱阳组分布,可作为一套新的生油层.找油离不开生油中心,有效生油岩的分布控制了油气藏的分布.在这个以箕状断陷为特征的地区,以深凹带、断阶带、枢纽带为最佳油气聚集带.     

松辽盆地登娄库—永安地区油气成藏模式研究

在已了解的松辽盆地登娄库—永安地区构造和沉积演化特点的基础上,利用现有钻井的岩心资料、测井资料和地震资料,对该地区的成藏模式特征从运移方式和生储盖空间组合两个方面上进行了研究和分类,分析了各自形成的主控因素.研究表明,该区域地层具有断坳双层结构,按油气运移类型划分,在断陷期主要发育两种油气成藏模式,分别为原生油气成藏模式和次生油气成藏模式;在坳陷期主要发育次生油气成藏模式和混生油气藏.从储层与烃源岩的空间组合上来看,区域内主要发育有上生下储、下生上储和自生自储这三种油气成藏模式.形成这些不同成藏模式的主要因素是该区深至基底的大型断裂构造和继承性断裂、反转构造以及固有沉积环境等.     

基于盆地模拟技术的潮汕坳陷油气勘探前景预测

潮汕坳陷是以中生界为目标的新的油气勘探领域,其地层时代、产状、岩性以及构造特征等都与珠江口盆地其他坳陷差别很大。鉴于该坳陷内尚无探井,该文充分利用地震资料,结合区域研究成果合理选择参数,利用Basin2盆地模拟软件,对该坳陷沉积充填史、温压场演化史和有机质演化史进行了正演模拟,模拟结果显示坳陷内中生界白垩系经历的二次成烃作用提供了主要烃源,而且由于新生代的构造运动,形成了良好的构造圈闭,因此该含油气系统生储盖的时空配置有利于在晚白垩世地层中形成自生自储或下生上储的岩性圈闭和构造圈闭油气藏,应作为该坳陷油气勘探的主要目的层。     

南黄海盆地北部坳陷北凹油气成藏特征的再认识

南黄海盆地北部坳陷北凹是一个大中型的中、新生代沉积凹陷,经过四十余年的油气勘探,至今仍无商业油气发现,仅发现诸城1-2一个含油气构造.北凹的油气勘探存在诸多问题,其中是否发育优质烃源岩、烃源岩能否生烃、油气是否运移至储层是关系到北凹油气勘探的基础地质问题.在对北凹主要烃源岩分析评价的基础上,采用流体包裹体系统分析技术,对北凹油气成藏特征展开研究.研究认为,北凹存在白垩系泰二段主力烃源岩,为中深湖相,生烃指标较好,分布面积较大,且现今已经成熟并排烃,生烃中心位于ZC-A井区.油气通过断裂发生垂向运移,已充注至始新统戴南组储层.流体包裹体荧光观察结果及显微测温结果均表明戴南组至少存在两期油充注,第一期发生在35 Ma左右,第二期为现今.     

南黄海盆地含油气系统与油气勘探方向

南黄海盆地是目前中国近海惟一未获得工业性油气流的含油气盆地,其找油前景引起了人们的极大关注。根据前人的认识和研究成果,以含油气系统理论为指导,综合考虑含油气系统中烃源岩的演化阶段和凹陷分类原则,南黄海盆地在平面上可划分为6个含油气系统,每一个含油气系统都发育各具特色的生储盖组合特征及圈闭和运移条件。其中北部坳陷北凹中生界含油气系统和南部坳陷南四凹古近系含气系统为两个已知的含油气系统,北凹以寻找泰州组含油气系统的原生油气藏为主,南四凹以寻找阜宁组含油气系统的次生油气藏为主。     

珠二坳陷是珠江口盆地跨世纪勘探开发的主战场

珠二坳陷是已证实的生烃坳陷,坳陷内有两套主要烃源岩即始新统文昌组和渐新统恩平组地层,它们在白云凹陷和开平凹陷正分别处于生成干气和生油的高峰,珠二坳陷因斯 断裂活动的差异性而导致了成藏类型的多样性,形成了下生上储,自生自储以及二者的复合型油气藏,圈闭类型在该区也比较丰富,除了有常见的大中型背斜构造外,还有大型的地层圈闭,是进行勘探,寻找油气的有利地区。     

南鄱阳坳陷致密油成藏特征及其勘探前景

通过对南鄱阳坳陷所发现原油的储层孔渗特征、烃源岩地球化学特征、"源—储"接触关系、原油物理性质及原油显示特征进行分析,初步证明了所发现原油为致密油,确认了南鄱阳坳陷致密油的存在。结合南鄱阳坳陷致密油成藏地质要素、油源对比及流体包裹体成藏年代学研究,揭示了南鄱阳坳陷致密油的主要烃源岩为乐平组老山段含煤泥页岩,致密油为喜马拉雅早期成藏,总结了官山段致密油的成藏过程。在南鄱阳坳陷油气显示特征研究的基础上,初步总结出沉积相、烃源岩及断层为南鄱阳坳陷致密油的成藏主控因素。结合南鄱阳坳陷致密油的成藏条件及主控因素分析,总结了官山段致密油的富集规律,阐述了南鄱阳坳陷具备广阔的致密油勘探前景。     

东海陆架盆地长江坳陷新生代原型盆地分析

利用地震剖面对东海陆架盆地长江坳陷新生代构造进行解析,认为长江坳陷新生代经历多次构造运动,尤其古新世末的瓯江运动对该区构造定型尤为突出,其中,该坳陷中的挤压反转、地垒等构造对油气的圈闭、运移和保存具有重要意义.主要利用平衡剖面技术,对东海陆架盆地长江坳陷进行盆地原型的恢复.最后,结合长江坳陷的构造演化的特点,得出长江坳...     

Evaluation method and application of the relative contribution of marine hydrocarbon source rocks in the Tarim basin: A case study from the Tazhong area

In total, 2.37 million tons of marine crude oil originating from mixed source rocks has been discovered in the Tarim basin. Geological and geochemical analyses have confirmed that these mixed hydrocarbons are mainly from two sets of source rocks, including the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. In this study, we determined the set of source rocks primarily responsible for the mixed hydrocarbons and the next location to be explored. Differences in n-alkane carbon isotopes in end-member oils from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks were examined. A material balance model and simulation methods were used to evaluate the relative amounts contributed by each source. The results from known reserves in the Tazhong area show that the mixing ratio or contribution is up to 65% from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks and is generally higher than that from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. The discovery of deep hydrocarbons has caused the total oil contribution from the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician to increase. The mixing ratio of Cambrian–Lower Ordovician oil varies depending on the well, formation, and block. It increases from west to east horizontally and from top to bottom vertically. Hydrocarbons from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks migrate upward along faults, and the mixing ratio decreases as the distance from the oil source fault increases. Favorable areas for Cambrian–Lower Ordovician hydrocarbon exploration are deep layers and areas near the fault zone that are connected to deep layers. The material balance model for carbon isotopes and evaluation methods for relative contributions considered differences in relative concentration and carbon isotope structure of n-alkanes. Herein, new methods for the identification and evaluation of hydrocarbons in the petroleum system of this superimposed basin are presented.     

塔里木盆地两种重要的圈闭型式及其与喜山期油气关系

在塔里木盆地众多的圈闭类型中，中生界披覆背斜圈闭和以下古生界为主的断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭是最重要的两种高产圈闭型式，此两种圈闭均主要形成于中生代，它们所富集的油气均主要是喜山期以来生成的油气。披覆背斜圈闭封闭样多为单封闭层整合型，而断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭封闭样成式为不整合型（其中许多尚属多封闭层圈闭），故从理论上看，中生界披覆背斜圈闭封闭和储聚油气能力要优于古生界断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭，塔北勘探实     

东海陆架盆地丽水—椒江凹陷月桂峰组烃源岩特征及生排烃史

丽水—椒江凹陷是东海陆架盆地油气勘探的一个重要领域,目前处于较低的油气勘探阶段。基于现有地质资料,在烃源岩发育特征及有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,采用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了研究区月桂峰组烃源岩的生排烃史。结果表明,月桂峰组烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅱ2型为主,具有油气兼生的能力,总体上处于成熟阶段和高成熟阶段;月桂峰组烃源岩具有较高的生排烃强度,总体上经历了2次生排烃过程,但在不同构造单元存在明显的差异性。总之,以月桂峰组烃源岩为油气来源的含油气系统是该区油气勘探的主要目标。     

南黄海盆地烃源潜力比较性评价

南黄海中—新生代盆地经历了中生代印支运动以来的多期构造运动改造,凹陷分隔性强,各凹陷烃源岩发育条件差异大。利用地质调查获得的最新资料,从烃源岩有机质丰度、类型、成熟度以及成熟烃源岩体积参数等方面,重点探讨了中—新生代陆相盆地生烃条件好和较好的7个凹陷的烃源潜力及中—古生界海相烃源岩的演化特征。结果表明,北部坳陷的北部凹陷、东北凹陷以及南部坳陷的南四凹陷属于一类生烃凹陷,北部坳陷的南(西)部凹陷、南部坳陷的南五凹陷属于二类生烃凹陷,而北部坳陷的中—东部凹陷以及南部坳陷的南七凹陷为三类生烃凹陷。印支构造面之下的中—古生界海相层系是盆地内另一套重要烃源岩,其有机质热演化程度分异明显,在中—新生代凹陷间低凸起区最低,坳陷周围的隆起区最高,新生代凹陷区"基底层"内热演化程度介于上述两者之间。     

胜利油区原油和沉积岩中稀土元素组成特征及其意义

文中利用稀土元素在原油运移中良好的续承性,初步探讨了在济阳坳陷内的东营凹陷和沾化凹陷原油中稀土元素的赋存特征以及它们的来源方式,并指出两凹陷不同的物源性质是造成原油稀土赋存特征差异的主要原因。     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷油气成藏条件分析

涠西南凹陷位于北部湾盆地西南部,发育有多个油气田(含油气构造)。以油气地质理论为指导,在构造和沉积地层特征研究的基础上,重点分析了烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及输导介质等油气成藏的基本要素,认为涠西南凹陷拥有较好的烃源岩、发育多套储集层、多种类型圈闭和复合的输导介质,具备油气藏形成的基本条件,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

Structural patterns of the late Mesozoic crustal detachment system in the Raoyang Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China: New insights from 3D seismic data

Understanding the late Mesozoic tectonic origin and structural patterns of the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is of growing importance for its buried-hill petroleum exploration. This study revealed, based on 3D seismic and borehole data, that the Raoyang Sag in the Jizhong Depression, western BBB, was dominated by a crustal detachment system during the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous. It was characterized by the WNW-dipping low-angle detachment fault F₀ (namely Cangxi Fault), the structural dome cored by Archean Basement rocks at the footwall and supradetachment basins on the hanging wall. We suggested the late Mesozoic volcanic materials and coarse deposits accumulated in the supradetachment basins had locally diminished the petroleum prospect, but the syndetachment deformation and denudation had contributed to it by means of promoting petroleum migration from source rocks to reservoirs and improving porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks by karstification and structural fracturing.     

二次生烃机理在中下扬子高演化烃源岩评价中的应用

在野外地质观察、油气地球化学和样品分析的基础上,通过总结二次生烃特征和生烃机理,将其应用到中下扬子区海相高演化烃源岩生烃潜力的评价。模拟实验结果表明,二次生烃具有明显的迟缓现象,也仍具有相对的生烃高峰,二次生烃量与一次生烃量的总和小于连续热演化的生烃量,这些特征都与一次生烃的演化程度密切相关,初始演化程度成为评价高演化烃源岩二次生烃潜力的关键因素。中下扬子区中—古生界发育的6套烃源岩中,下二叠统、下志留统和下寒武统烃源岩具有较强的生烃能力,是主要的烃源层。下古生界烃源岩进入生烃时间较早,在强烈的构造运动背景下,生成的油气难以保存;上古生界烃源岩热演化程度相对较低,燕山—喜山期的再次沉降地区成为二次生烃的供源区。因此,下古生界台地相区和上古生界烃源岩具有一定的二次生烃潜力。     

Hydrocarbon potential and palynological study of the Latest Ordovician – Earliest Silurian source rock (Sarchahan Formation) in the Zagros Mountains,southern Iran

Source rock studies are one of the key issues of petroleum exploration activities. In the supercontinent of Gondwana, ice ages related to the Upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) and rising sea levels caused by glacial melting at the end of the Ordovician and Early Silurian (Llandoverian) created excellent source rocks along the margin of Gondwana. Investigations conducted in the Arabian Peninsula have been indicated indicating that the lower Qalibah Formation (the so-called Qusaiba Member or Hot Shale) is a good source rock for the Paleozoic petroleum system in this area. Likewise, the Sarchahan Formation was recently introduced as a source rock in the Zagros Basin of Iran, which is probably equivalent to the Qalibah Formation in the Arabian Peninsula. In this study, samples were prepared from surface and subsurface Paleozoic rock units in Iran's Zagros Basin. The emphasis of the paper was on the Sarchahan Formation in Kuh-e Faraghan, ranging in age from the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) to Lower Silurian (Llandoverian) to determine whether the high richness of organic matter in the Sarchahan Formation is related to the Late Ordovician or Lower Silurian. The basal part of the Sarchahan Formation belongs to the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) because of the presence of the persculptus graptolite biozone, while the remainder belongs to the Lower Silurian. The Ordovician and early Llandoverian parts of the Sarchahan Formation contain type II and III kerogen with TOC ranging from 2.94 to 7.19, but the rest of the Sarchahan Formation (late Llandoverian) has TOC ranging from 0.1 to 0.58. Therefore, the Hot Shale in Iran falls within the Hirnantian and early Llandoverian (Rhuddanian), and not the latest Llandoverian (Aeronian and Telychian). Utilizing organic petrography, kerogen type was found II/III. The carbon stable isotope studies revealed that the source rock of hydrocarbons in Dalan and Kangan reservoirs has been the Sarchahan Formation. Based on analytical data, the kerogenous shales in the lower part of the Sarchahan Formation are at end of gas window, and the gamma ray amount is approximately 180 API. This research indicates the differences between the source rocks in the southern and northern Persian Gulf and suggesting, the Hot Shale should be considered in different views and used in modeling studies of sedimentary basins for future exploration targets.     

A well-preserved 250 million-year-old oil accumulation in the Tarim Basin,western China: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration in old and deep basins

A giant oilfield (YM-2) with an estimated reserve of close to one billion bbl was recently discovered in an Ordovician carbonate reservoir at a burial depth of 5800–6200 m in the northern Tarim Basin, western China. Biomarker and isotope geochemistry of the hydrocarbons indicate that the oil was derived from Ordovician marine source rocks at early to peak oil generation. Authigenic illite (K–Ar) dating, fluid inclusion analysis, fluid inclusion PVTx and thermal history modeling indicate that the accumulation is of primary in origin, and the original charge occurred in the Permian during the Late Hercynian Orogenic Stage, approximately 290–250 million years ago. The physiochemical compositions of the hydrocarbons and formation water remained largely unchanged since the initial accumulation. The excellent preservation of such an old accumulation at such a great depth is due to continuous burial of the YM-2 structure since the Triassic, a thick effective seal, and a relatively low geothermal gradient with a current reservoir temperature of 127–130 °C. This finding suggests that under suitable conditions old petroleum accumulations can be well-preserved, and some old and deep basins may be prospective frontiers for future exploration.