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周口坳陷位于豫、皖交界处,区内为第四系覆盖,面积约32000km2。其大地构造位置位于华北地台南缘,是新华夏构造体系第二沉降带中段的组成部分。地质上该坳陷由古老结晶基底和包括中、上元古界在内的厚达28000m的沉积盖层组成。自进行石油普查勘探以来,已钻井60余口。初步工作表明,周口坳陷是一有良好油气显示的中、新生界石油勘探远景区,同时,它也是古生代坳陷的一部分,古生界与中、新生界在构造发展上具有负向叠置的性质。因此,古生界,特别是上古生界同样存在石油和煤成气储存的巨大潜力。 周口地区在标准假彩色合成图像上,呈现为一个在浅绿… 相似文献
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应用遥感技术预测油气勘探靶区具有低成本、高效率的特点。目前有直接和间接两种油气遥感方法用于预测油气勘探靶区。本文简单介绍了这两种方法的原理,重点对遥感影像中的线-环影像构造异常和烃渗漏异常所表现的特征进行了全面的总结,最后对遥感技术在预测油气勘探靶区的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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江汉-洞庭盆地及华容隆起新构造运动特征遥感分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
长江流域基础地质遥感调查与监测,采用2000年左右获取的1:25万Landsat ETM图像进行地貌、第四纪地质和新构造遥感调查与研究.针对洞庭湖重点区,采用航片、ALOS、SPOT等高分辨率数据进行1:5万详细遥感调查.通过调查与综合分析认为:江汉-洞庭盆地为-燕山晚期至新生代形成的断陷盆地,总体处于沉降状态,盆地内部因差异抬升作用形成华容次级隆起,从而在山区广泛沉积了河湖相、冲洪积相及山麓相的第四纪沉积物,盆地内部第四系基本为连续沉积.江汉-洞庭盆地周围隆起区则呈间歇性抬升.新构造运动主要表现为隆起与拗陷、掀斜和断裂等几种形式,其构造沉降与周边山体隆升主要受盆地边缘和盆地内部断裂的控制. 相似文献
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工程地质三维空间建模技术及其应用研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
对工程地质研究的主要三维空间对象(勘探区域三维地质剖面体)进行了规范化的构造描述,对当前主流三维空间建模方法进行了综合分析。在此基础上,结合专业建模对象的构造特点及三维数据模型适用表达对象的不同特性,融合单元分解表示(CE)、构造实体几何(CSG)和边界表示(B-Reps)三种数据模型的建模思想,以及栅格模型的基本体元划分机制和数据组织方式,以不规则五面体为基本分析单元,采用面向对象方法构造模型内各娄对象,提出了一种面向对象的三维矢量与栅格混合模型,实现了勘探区域三维地质剖面体的惟一性拓扑表达,并给出了可视化方案。分析了几例基于此模型的工程地质应用,借以验证该模型在工程地质领域内应用的合理性和可操作性。 相似文献
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应用遥感在中国西北部荒漠覆盖区寻找隐伏构造的方法探索 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
西北地区沙漠、戈壁广布,许多地方荒无人烟,但能源和矿产资源丰富,辽阔的地域是充分发挥遥感优势的有利用武之地。本文总结了在西北地区应用遥感寻找隐伏构造的方法,并提出遥感与其它非地震勘探方法相配合,可在油气资源勘查中发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
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针对遥感多光谱影像处理,提出一种立足于多尺度像斑模型,应用数据挖掘中的特征构造来实现跨尺度特征构造的方法,将最佳尺度选择问题隐含在特征构造中,而不直接进行最佳尺度选择.从而在区分地物方面更加准确,分类精度更高. 相似文献
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This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential for remote sensing in exploring for geothermal resources. Temperature gradients in the earth crust are typically 25–30 °C per kilometer depth, however in active volcanic areas situated in subduction or rift zones gradients of up to 150 °C per kilometer depth can be reached. In such volcanic areas, meteoric water in permeable and porous rocks is heated and hot water is trapped to form a geothermal reservoir. At the Earth's surface hot springs and fumaroles are evidence of hot geothermal water. In low enthalpy systems the heat can be used for heating/cooling and drying while in high enthalpy systems energy is generated using hot water or steam. In this paper we review the potential of remote sensing in the exploration for geothermal resources. We embark from the traditional suite of geophysical and geochemical prospecting techniques to arrive at parameters at the Earth surface that can be measured by earth observing satellites. Next, we summarize direct and indirect detection of geothermal potential using alteration mineralogy, temperature anomalies and heat fluxes, geobotanical anomalies and Earth surface deformation. A section of this paper is dedicated to published remote sensing studies illustrating the principles of mapping: surface deformation, gaseous emissions, mineral mapping, heat flux measurements, temperature mapping and geobotany. In a case study from the La Pacana caldera (Chili) geothermal field we illustrate the cross cutting relationships between various surface manifestations of geothermal reservoirs and how remotely sensed indicators can contribute to exploration. We conclude that although remote sensing of geothermal systems has not reached full maturity, there is great potential for integrating these surface measurements in a exploration framework. A number of recommendations for future research result from our analysis of geothermal systems and the present contributions of remote sensing to studying these systems. These are grouped along a number of question lines: ‘how reproducible are remote sensing products’, ‘can long term monitoring of geothermal systems be achieved’ and ‘do surface manifestations link to subsurface features’? 相似文献
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板桥稀土矿遥感找矿信息提取与矿产预测研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对离子吸附型稀土矿成矿规律的分析,从浙江省板桥地区的遥感地质特征研究入手,在研究区地表范围内进行稀土遥感找矿信息的提取。首先利用SPOT图像和DEM数据构建的坡度数据对与稀土成矿相关的地貌单元进行解译;然后通过光谱特征分析和基于ASTER图像的矿物遥感异常提取,获取与成矿相关的高岭土、绢云母、绿泥石等风化特征矿物的分布信息;最后叠合分析地貌、坡度及异常提取结果,进行稀土遥感找矿预测。与地质调查资料及化探数据的对比分析证实,上述方法对圈定1∶5万的大比例尺离子吸附型稀土矿分布范围是有效的,可为更详细的稀土矿产资源潜力评价提供依据。 相似文献
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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are of high interest for different applications in remote sensing specially land cover classification. SAR imaging is independent of solar illumination and weather conditions. It can even penetrate some of the Earth’s surface materials to return information about subsurface features. However, the response of radar is more a function of geometry and structure than a surface reflection occurs in optical images. In addition, the backscatter of objects in the microwave range depends on the frequency of the band used, and the grey values in SAR images are different from the usual assumption of the spectral reflectance of the Earth’s surface. Consequently, SAR imaging is often used as a complementary technique to traditional optical remote sensing. This study presents different ensemble systems for multisensor fusion of SAR, multispectral and LiDAR data. First, in decision ensemble system, after extraction and selection of proper features from each data, crisp SVM (Support Vector Machine) and Fuzzy KNN (K Nearest Neighbor) are utilized on each feature space. Finally Bayesian Theory is applied to fuse SVMs when Decision Template (DT) and Dempster Shafer (DS) are applied as fuzzy decision fusion methods on KNNs. Second, in feature ensemble system, features from all data are applied on a cube. Then classifications were performed by SVM and FKNN as crisp and fuzzy decision making system respectively. A co-registered TerrraSAR-X, WorldView-2 and LiDAR data set form San Francisco of USA was available to examine the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that combinations of SAR data with different sensor improves classification results for most of the classes. 相似文献
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Thara Nair Latha James C. V. Rao A. V. V. Prasad B. Gopala Krishna V. K. Dadhwal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2017,45(5):873-885
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse of all marine ecosystems and are often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea”. Though they cover less than one per cent of Earth’s surface, they are home to one quarter of all ocean species by providing food and shelter to them. Optical remote sensing has been widely employed for mapping and monitoring coral reefs. But the application of microwave remote sensing has been an alternate domain in this area. This study explores the possibility of utilizing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data of Radar Imaging Satellite-I, India’s first indigenous microwave satellite to delineate the coral reefs in Andaman and Lakshadweep Islands in the Indian Ocean. The dual polarized data, after reducing the speckle has been classified to delineate the coral reefs in the vicinity of both islands. SAR has a performance comparable with passive optical sensors under favourable conditions of imaging, viz. optimum tidal current and surface winds. The study results are compared with the international coral reef reference map and are found to be highly promising, with an overall accuracy of 98.3% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.944 for fringing reefs in Andaman region. For the atolls in Lakshadweep region, the overall accuracy is found to be 92.99% and the Kappa coefficient is estimated at 0.7377. This study tries to explore a different horizon for microwave remote sensing in coral reef studies. It is seen that, optical and microwave remote sensing can provide a mutually supporting platform in coral reef delineation, in terms of imaging depth as well as climatic conditions. 相似文献
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雷达遥感六十年:四个阶段的发展 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
雷达遥感问世60年来已经历了4个阶段的发展,其在对地观测中的作用正日益凸显,已经广泛应用于不同领域。4个阶段分别是单波段单极化阶段,多波段多极化阶段,极化和干涉阶段,以及以双/多站或星座、高时序高分宽幅、3维成像为代表的新阶段。本文结合作者长期在雷达遥感领域的研究经历,总结和回顾了雷达遥感的阶段发展和具有里程碑式的代表性技术;从观测技术、数据处理和应用角度阐述了新阶段雷达遥感的发展趋势,以及雷达遥感与人工智能和大数据结合的思考;最后着眼未来,介绍了月基雷达对地观测平台的前瞻性研究。 相似文献
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遥感类课程可以大致分为遥感专业类和遥感应用类。无论哪类课程,遥感实践教学都是其中一个非常重要的内容。本文针对遥感应用类课程中实验课程的内容设计进行探讨,在调研了国内外遥感应用类课程实验内容设计的基础上,对比分析了国内外遥感应用类课程实验教学内容设计特点。结合笔者从事"遥感原理与应用"课程教学中的一些探索与思考,提出了在提高实践教学环节质量中需要处理好的几个关系。 相似文献
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覆盖区与铀矿化有关的遥感信息解译 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
覆盖区遥感隐伏地质信息的解译一直是遥感地质工作中难以解决的问题。本文主要讨论如何运用遥感数据处理技术结合各种资料综合分析的方法,提取覆盖区隐伏地质层体信息。通过遥感影像信息、透视信息①、地貌特征信息及水系格式信息等的综合解译,对覆盖层本身的影像信息及反映被覆盖的地质层体的遥感信息进行了研究区分,成功地解译了覆盖区与铀矿化有关的各种隐伏控矿因素的遥感信息。现以伊犁盆地为例,通过解译及综合分析,详细阐述如何解译覆盖区隐伏的控制铀矿分布的产铀建造;圈定了影响产铀建造产出条件及矿化富集条件的隆起和凹陷;同时对控制盆地形成和改造的断裂构造及影响铀成矿作用的相对稳定和相对活动区进行了分析。实践表明,遥感方法不仅对揭示该覆盖区的铀矿分布规律有意义,而且对指导该区进一步铀矿普查与找矿也是有意义的。 相似文献
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在油气藏上方的近地表处,存在许多可用现有遥感手段捕捉到的烃类物质微渗漏异常信息,而且也存在着因油气压造成的烃类气体扩散异常现象。利用遥感直接探测油气藏上方的烃类气体异常,是一种直接而快捷的油气勘查方法,所采用的遥感技术,是目前己用于大气监测、气体化学分析等方面的激光雷达技术。由于激光雷达是激光技术与雷达技术相结合的产物,有着许多独特的特性,并随着这项技术的理论研究逐步深入和应用技术逐渐成熟和提高,将其用于油气直接勘查已成为可能。可以预言,激光遥感的时代不久将到来。文中对激光雷达系统及其定性、定量探测原理以及应用的可行性做了简述。笔者认为,激光雷达是一种远距离探测效果极强的手段,有着广泛的应用前景,并将成为油气资源遥感勘查方面的一个重要的发展方向。 相似文献