考虑非一致地震输入的地铁车站动力时程分析

为了研究非一致地震输入以及考虑土体介质阻尼的自由波场对大型地铁车站动力响应的影响,发展了一种可考虑土体介质阻尼影响的自由波场一维化时域有限元算法,并编制了相应的非一致地震波动等效荷载的Matlab计算程序;以一典型两层双柱岛式地铁车站为工程背景,建立三维地铁车站结构-土相互作用系统的整体有限元数值模型,开展动力时程实例分析。计算结果表明:与地震波一致输入情形相比,地震波非一致输入将引起地铁车站结构的控制内力和层间位移分布及其幅值发生明显变化;与不考虑土体介质阻尼的地震波动输入相比,在考虑土体介质阻尼的地震波动输入下,地铁车站结构的控制内力和最大层间位移均有一定幅度的减小,且减小幅度随波动入射角的增大而增大。本文分析表明,非一致地震波动输入及土体介质阻尼对大型地铁车站结构的动力时程响应均有一定影响。     

高层框架结构远场长周期地震响应分析

首先对3条普通地震波和3条远场长周期地震波进行了频谱特性分析,并对比了普通地震波与远场长周期地震波傅里叶幅值谱的不同点;其次采用ABAQUS大型通用有限元软件建立了16层钢筋混凝土框架结构有限元分析模型,并对高层结构的动力特性进行分析。按照弹塑性时程分析的方法,研究高层框架结构在远场长周期地震动作用下的响应,包括楼层剪力、楼层位移和楼层位移角,并与普通地震动作用下的结构响应进行对比,得出远场长周期地震动对高层框架结构的各个响应均大于普通地震动。     

强震下钢筋混凝土框架和砖混结构的动力响应分析——以云南漾濞6.4级地震为例

以2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震所获取的漾濞台强震动记录作为输入,对不同高度(低层、多层和高层)钢筋混凝土框架结构以及一低层砖混结构进行动力时程分析,探讨不同高度钢筋混凝土框架结构动力响应特点,对比砖混结构与低层框架结构地震响应的不同,并对结构进行性能评定.主要分析结果表明,所有结构的楼层加速度响应中,竖向加速度放大效应显著,尤其是低层框架;框架结构Y方向楼层傅里叶幅值谱峰值主要在1~2.5 Hz频率范围;多层框架的层间位移角响应更大;所有框架结构以及设防的砖混结构层间位移角均未超过中等破坏限值;与低层框架结构相比,基本周期更短的砖混结构水平向楼层加速度放大效应更为显著;设防的砖混结构具有良好的抗震性能.分析结果可为灾区震害评估和震后修复提供指导,同时为建筑结构抗震设计提供一定参考.     

新规范框架结构强柱弱梁措施效果评估

为了了解我国新颁布的规范对框架结构强柱弱梁措施提高柱端弯矩增大系数的效果,分别按照新旧规范设计设防烈度7度(0.1 g)3级框架结构和设防烈度8度(0.2 g)2级框架结构,采用时程动力分析程序,输入不同频谱的地震波,计算不同设防烈度框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的结构反应,对比分析框架结构的位移、层间位移角和塑性铰。结果表明,设防烈度为7度(0.1 g)3级框架结构,不同频谱地震波作用下新旧规范楼层顶点最大位移差值不超过1 mm,层间位移角最大差值不超过0.12%,新规范提高柱端弯矩增大系数效果不大。旧规范规定的柱端弯矩增大系数足以保证框架结构大震不倒。设防烈度为8度(0.2 g)2级框架结构,不同频谱地震波作用下新旧规范楼层顶点最大位移差值较明显,层间位移角最大差值不超过0.21%,新规范柱端弯矩增大系数效果明显,但其安全性与设防烈度为7度(0.1 g)3级框架结构相比,仍有较大差距。建议进一步提高其柱端弯矩增大系数,以充分保证其大震不倒的安全性。     

半刚性连接空间钢框架在地震作用下的侧移分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS建立10个层数为2层、6层和10层空间框架结构模型进行了时程分析。对比了层数、连接相对刚度以及不同地震波对于框架结构楼层位移和层间位移角的影响;同时对刚性连接和半刚性连接框架柱的剪力变化情况进行了对比分析。结果表明在地震作用下梁柱连接节点半刚性的存在在一定程度上增加结构的侧移,但同时使结构的内力有所降低。     

Analysis on Dynamic Interaction of Subway Station-soil-aboveground Frame Structure Under Inclined Incidence of SV Wave

地震作用下地铁车站和邻近建筑间的动力相互作用问题已引起许多学者的关注和重视,然而斜入射地震波作用下的相互作用分析研究较少,有关规律仍不明确。为此建立基于黏弹性人工边界的地铁车站-土-地表框架结构整体动力分析有限元模型,围绕入射角、地上与地下结构间距、场地类别等因素,采用频域刚度矩阵自由场地震响应分析方法获得任意角度斜入射SV波作用下地铁车站-土-地表框架结构动力响应规律。研究结果表明,地表框架结构的存在会显著增大车站中柱轴力幅值,当地表框架结构与车站紧邻时,中柱轴力放大幅度最大为730%,放大效应会改变轴力随入射角的变化规律,总体上使车站中柱轴力在SV波垂直入射和超临界角10°左右入射时均具有相当的幅值;地表框架结构对地铁车站层间位移角的影响与场地条件密切相关,在较硬的场地（Ⅱ类场地）中,车站层间位移角放大幅度最大为74%,在较软的场地（Ⅳ类场地）中,车站层间位移角缩小幅度最大为30%;地铁车站的存在对地表框架结构层间位移角具有放大作用,总体上地铁车站与地表框架结构的距离越近,放大作用越明显,地表框架结构层间位移角放大幅度最大为52%。建议将0°入射和超临界角10°左右入射工况作为地上或地下结构地震响应分析的不利工况。     

高层钢结构建筑横向支撑地震动力响应分析

为测试高层钢结构建筑抗震性能,在有限元模型中以某高层钢框架结构办公大厦作为研究对象,测试其横向支撑地震动力响应状况。选取地震峰值加速度为200 cm/s^2的El-Centro波作为地震波输入,采用瞬态动力方法分析不同楼板厚度下建筑地震模拟响应,得到建筑顶层位移时程曲线;在SAP2000结构软件中分析建筑工程添加横向支撑前后的反应谱,记录各楼层垂直与水平方向位移与层间位移角。得到如下结果:高层钢结构建筑在地震响应下产生的位移不随楼板厚度的增加而增大,楼板厚度为100 mm、170 mm时位移波动显著;添加横向支撑后,建筑水平刚度显著提升,同理,添加横向支撑后横向层间位移角的最大值变化较大,且低于1/250,符合相关建筑标准。     

多点激励下大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥空间地震响应分析

基于多自由度空间结构体系地震响应分析的基本理论,利用ANSYS建立空间有限元模型,采用动力时程分析法分析某大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥在一致和非一致激励作用不同地震工况下的空间地震响应。研究结果表明:非一致激励作用下,拱肋轴力、主桁弯矩峰值出现在拱脚和边墩附近;地震波组合输入较其单向输入拱脚轴力和面内弯矩最大分别可达1.28和8.32倍;非一致输入较一致激励作用拱脚轴力和面内弯矩分别可达2.5和8.4倍;地震波横向输入较纵向输入横向位移峰值比可达2.4倍,纵向输入较横向输入纵向位移峰值比可达2.6倍;结构的支座形式对结构构件地震响应结果也有一定影响;建议大跨度钢桁拱桥抗震设计应充分考虑地震波的空间和时间效应。     

受控摇摆式钢筋混凝土框架抗震机理研究

受控摇摆式钢筋混凝土框架结构(controllable rocking reinforced concrete frame,简称CRRCF)是一种新型减震耗能结构。通过对摇摆节点及整体框架进行的低周反复加载试验,研究其滞回特性。根据整体摇摆框架的滞回曲线得到了受控摇摆式钢筋混凝土框架的等效黏滞阻尼比。通过摇摆节点试验及理论分析,提出了摇摆节点的恢复力模型。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对受控摇摆式钢筋混凝土框架结构进行数值模拟,得到了不同节点刚度水平下结构的地震动力响应,并分析得出摇摆节点刚度的合理弱化程度。通过受控摇摆式钢筋混凝土框架和常规钢筋混凝土框架(RCF)的动力响应对比,可以发现CR-RCF结构可以有效降低结构的层间剪力与加速度响应。与RCF结构相比,CR-RCF结构的剪力与位移响应沿楼层分布较为均匀,这有利于防止层间变形过于集中,使各层材料都能得到充分利用。在受控摇摆式钢筋混凝土框架结构中设置耗能阻尼器,进行时程分析可以发现结构的位移响应可以得到有效的控制。     

软土地区地铁车站地震响应分析

以天津市地铁3号线典型车站结构为研究对象,通过ANSYS有限元软件建立合理的软土地区土—地下结构相互作用模型,选用天津宁河、Taft波及天津人工波,分析该模型的频遇地震及罕遇地震作用效应。分析结果表明：不同地震波作用下位移响应幅值接近,且最大值出现时刻一致,位移变形均满足规范要求;天津宁河波作用下内力响应明显大于其他地震波的作用效应,且地铁车站结构抗震薄弱环节在框架底层中柱柱底位置。该研究成果可为天津市软土地区地铁车站结构的抗震设计提供参考。     

Influence of earthquake direction on the seismic response of irregular plan RC frame buildings

The nonlinear response of structures is usually evaluated by considering two accelerograms acting simultaneously along the orthogonal directions. In this study, the infl uence of the earthquake direction on the seismic response of building structures is examined. Three multi-story RC buildings, representing a very common structural typology in Italy, are used as case studies for the evaluation. They are, respectively, a rectangular plan shape, an L plan shape and a rectangular plan shape with courtyard buildings. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are performed by considering different seismic levels, characterized by peak ground acceleration on stiff soil equal to 0.35 g, 0.25 g and 0.15 g. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out by considering twelve different earthquake directions, and rotating the direction of both the orthogonal components by 30° for each analysis(from 0° to 330°). The survey is carried out on the L plan shape structure. The results show that the angle of the seismic input motion signifi cantly infl uences the response of RC structures; the critical seismic angle, i.e., the incidence angle that produces the maximum demand, provides an increase of up to 37% in terms of both roof displacements and plastic hinge rotations.     

Shake-table testing of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame with shear walls

The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete (RC) frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls (SPCW), which utilize a combination of unbonded prestressed post-tensioned (PT) tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.     

碳纤维布增强混凝土框架抗震性能的有限元分析

利用碳纤维布（CFS）对一个9层钢筋混凝土框架的底层柱进行了加固,运用有限元程序对加固前后结构的整体抗震性能进行了动力分析.分析结果表明,利用碳纤维布加固底部框架柱有助于提高框架的整体抗震性能,从而减少框架在地震作用下的最大侧移和各层间位移.     

隧道与临近地面结构动力相互作用规律数值模拟

通过建立不同场地条件下隧道-土-上部结构相互作用的模型,研究有、无上部结构存在、场地条件和地震波频谱特性对隧道-土-上部结构体系地震响应的影响.计算结果表明:(1)对于隧道等地下结构,其地震响应主要受场地条件影响,不同场地条件隧道动内力值相差巨大,设计时应引起足够重视,相比之下有、无邻近上部结构对其影响较小;(2)S波...     

Study of the seismic response of a recycled aggregate concrete frame structure

Based on six-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional shaking table tests, the seismic response of a recycled aggregate concrete （RAC） frame was obtained. The analysis results indicate that the maximum story shear force and overturning moment reduce proportionally along the height of the model under the same earthquake wave. The story shear force, base shear coefficient and overturning moment of the structure increase progressively as the acceleration amplitude increases. The base shear coefficient is primarily controlled by the peak ground acceleration （PGA）. The relationships between the PGA and the shear coefficient as well as between the PGA and the dynamic amplification factor are obtained by mathematical fitting. The dynamic amplification factor decreases rapidly at the elastic-plastic stage, but decreases slowly with the development of the elastic-plasticity stage. The results show that the RAC frame structure has reasonable deformability when compared with natural aggregate concrete frame structures. The maximum inter-story drift ratios of the RAC frame model under frequent and rare intensity 8 test phases are 1/266 and 1/29, respectively, which are larger than the allowable value of 1/500 and 1/50 according to Chinese seismic design requirements. Nevertheless, the RAC frame structure does not collapse under base excitations with PGAs from 0.066 g up to 1.170 g.     

汶川地震近断层地震动作用下 结构地震响应特征分析

研究了具有不同自振特性的建筑结构在近断层速度脉冲型及非速度脉冲型地震动作用下的结构层间变形分布,揭示了近断层速度脉冲对工程结构地震响应的特殊影响. 从汶川M_S8.0地震近断层强震记录中选取两组典型速度脉冲型记录和非脉冲型记录, 根据确定的目标地震动强度水平,利用时域叠加小波函数法对选择的强震记录进行调整, 使之与目标地震动水平对应的加速度反应谱保持一致, 以此作为结构地震反应分析的地震动输入. 选取具有不同自振特征的3层、11层和20层典型钢筋混凝土框架结构, 建立有限元分析模型, 分别计算在速度脉冲型与非速度脉冲型记录作用下这些结构层间变形分布. 研究表明,速度脉冲型记录与非速度脉冲型记录作用下结构层间变形有明显差异, 且与结构自振特征有关.就低层结构的层间变形而言, 非速度脉冲型记录的影响较速度脉冲型记录的影响大. 随着结构自振周期的增加, 高阶振型的影响更加明显. 与非速度脉冲型记录相比,速度脉冲型记录的结构层间位移反应中值及离散程度较大. 速度脉冲型记录更容易激发高层结构的高阶振型, 产生较大的层间位移反应. 非速度脉冲型记录对中低层结构层间变形影响较大.因此, 在开展近断层结构地震影响评价时, 应考虑近断层速度脉冲的影响.      

近断层地震作用下多层RC框架火灾后抗震性能分析

为研究近断层地震动特性对火灾后多层RC框架抗震性能的影响,以火灾后某多层RC框架结构为研究对象,结合火灾后现场材料的检测与鉴定报告,开展了结构火灾前后在近场有脉冲和无脉冲地震作用下的结构动力弹塑性时程分析,对比分析了近场有脉冲和无脉冲地震动特性对火灾前后RC框架结构整体的抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:火灾后,整体结构地震响应明显大于火灾前,火灾后结构底层层间位移角在脉冲型地震和无脉冲地震作用下分别达到火灾前的1.44和1.54倍;近场脉冲型地震作用下结构响应明显大于无脉冲地震,罕遇地震作用下,近场脉冲型地震工况下的底部层间位移角相较于无脉冲地震工况增加了96.0%,火灾后更是增加了118.0%。研究成果可为多层RC框架火灾后安全性评估和加固设计提供参考。     

Seismic performance and damage evaluation of a reinforced concrete frame with hysteretic dampers through shake‐table tests

Passive energy dissipation devices are increasingly implemented in frame structures to improve their performance under seismic loading. Most guidelines for designing this type of system retain the requirements applicable to frames without dampers, and this hinders taking full advantage of the benefits of implementing dampers. Further, assessing the extent of damage suffered by the frame and by the dampers for different levels of seismic hazard is of paramount importance in the framework of performance‐based design. This paper presents an experimental investigation whose objectives are to provide empirical data on the response of reinforced concrete (RC) frames equipped with hysteretic dampers (dynamic response and damage) and to evaluate the need for the frame to form a strong column‐weak beam mechanism and dissipate large amounts of plastic strain energy. To this end, shake‐table tests were conducted on a 2/5‐scale RC frame with hysteretic dampers. The frame was designed only for gravitational loads. The dampers provided lateral strength and stiffness, respectively, three and 12 times greater than those of the frame. The test structure was subjected to a sequence of seismic simulations that represented different levels of seismic hazard. The RC frame showed a performance level of ‘immediate occupancy’, with maximum rotation demands below 20% of the ultimate capacity. The dampers dissipated most of the energy input by the earthquake. It is shown that combining hysteretic dampers with flexible reinforced concrete frames leads to structures with improved seismic performance and that requirements of conventional RC frames (without dampers) can be relieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Behavior of ductile steel X-braced RC frames in seismic zones

A satisfactory ductile performance of moment-resisting reinforced concrete concentric braced frame structures (RC-MRCBFs) is not warranted by only following the provisions proposed in Mexico’s Federal District Code (MFDC-04). The nonlinear behavior of low to medium rise ductile RC-MRCBFs using steel X-bracing susceptible to buckling is evaluated in this study. The height of the studied structures ranges from 4 to 20 stories and they were located for design in the lake-bed zone of Mexico City. The design of RC-MRCBFs was carried out considering variable contribution of the two main lines of defense of the dual system (RC columns and steel braces). In order to observe the principal elements responsible for dissipating the earthquake input energy, yielding mappings for different load-steps were obtained using both nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. Some design parameters currently proposed in MFDC-04 as global ductility capacities, overstrength reduction factors and story drifts corresponding to different limit states were assessed as a function of both the considered shear strength and slenderness ratios for the studied RC-MRCBFs using pushover analyses. Additionally, envelopes of response maxima of dynamic parameters were obtained from the story and global hysteresis curves. Finally, a brief discussion regarding residual drifts, residual drift ratios, mappings of residual deformations in steel braces and residual rotations in RC beams and columns is presented. From the analysis of the obtained results, it is concluded that when a suitable design criterion is considered, good structural behavior of RC-MRCBFs with steel-X bracing can be obtained. It is also observed that the shear strength balance has an impact in the height-wise distribution of residual drifts, and an important “shake-down” effect is obtained for all cases. There is a need to improve design parameters currently proposed in MFDC to promote an adequate seismic performance of RC-MRCBFs.