大采深工作面煤层底板采动破坏深度测试

针对邢东矿大采深的情况,利用现场底板注水试验对2121工作面底板采动破坏深度进行了测试研究,依据单位注水量的动态变化以及注水孔与采线之间的距离关系,确定了底板破坏深度。试验结果表明:该工作面底板破坏深度为32.5~35m,比300m采深以内的工作面实测深度(9.15~12.0m)增加2倍以上,说明随着开采深度的增加,煤层底板采动破坏深度呈明显增大的趋势,因此,在水压和破坏深度二者同时增加的条件下,2121工作面深部煤层开采的突水危险性远远大于浅部煤层。测试结果为邢东矿大采深工作面的防治水方案的制订提供了科学依据。      

综合勘探方法寻找地下热水

勘 探 区 位 于河 北 涿 鹿 县某 开 发 区 ,处 于 怀来 盆 地 、涿 鹿 盆 地 和 矾 山 盆 地 交 汇 处 ,地 下 热 水 源 来 自 元 古 界 长 城系 的沉 积 岩或 太古 界 花岗 片麻 岩 ,严 重受 地下 构 造裂 隙控 制 。地 形复 杂 ,地表 电 性横 向极 不 均匀 ,为 此 选择 使 用 瞬 变电 磁测 深 法进 行勘 探 。 勘探 结 果 表 明 2线 250号 点 在 深 度 575m ～740m 有 一低 阻 异 常 ,据 此 设计 一 眼 深 1200m 的 地下 热水 井 ,并 利用 温度 测 井,发 现 700m 深 度以 下 有明 显的 地 温梯 度异 常 。综 合地 质 调 查,发 现距 地 面 1100m 深 处 有一 条倾 向 北东 的北 西 向断 层,该断 层 深部 发育 并 形成 热源 体 。     

我国首例离层注浆减沉试验的再思考

20a前在抚顺老虎台煤矿512采区进行的我国首例离层注浆减沉试验为探索煤矿可持续开采技术提供了宝贵经验。试验采区地表下沉比预计小的真正原因是采空区密实水砂充填(充满率为70%~85%),覆岩中巨厚绿色页岩层遇水碎胀(碎胀率为185%)和大采深极不充分采动(采动程度系数为0.14)。离层注浆主要起到了使绿色页岩层碎胀的作用,而留在覆岩离层中的粉煤灰量极少(只占煤炭采出体积的3%)难以起到减沉作用。试验结果说明该技术在缓沉方面比减沉更有效。     

开滦林南仓井田岩浆岩侵入规律及找煤方向探讨

通 过地 面钻孔 、井下 开采和 磁法 勘探,发现 井 田内 赋存 有 大量 的岩 浆 岩体 ,特 别是 西二 采 区发 育岩 床 ,使该 区可采 储量 急 剧减 少,严重 影 响了 井田 采 掘 工 程的 衔 接 ,使 矿 井 生产 处 于 被 动局 面 。 通过 对 岩 浆 岩侵 入 规 律 的深 入 研究,预 测了井 田岩 床的分 布范 围和面 积,对 区域找 煤以 及为矿 井生 产和可 持续 发展具 有现 实的指 导意 义。     

大采高综放开采覆岩破坏特征和裂隙演化规律

工作面回采过程中,覆岩破坏特征对于煤矿水灾害和瓦斯防治具有重要意义,为了进一步研究综放开采覆岩破坏特征。以山西某矿5.82m大采高工作面为试验面,采用分段注水、钻孔电视、地质雷达、微震监测探测覆岩破坏高度,对破坏过程进行了数值模拟研究,并对裂隙演化进行了相似模拟试验,同时对传统经验公式进行了修正,研究结果表明:综放开采垮落带发育高度为43.1m,断裂带发育高度为86.7m;垮落带、断裂带、导水断裂带各测试方法之间相差分别小于4.5%、7.1%、9.0%;工作面采动前,裂隙发育度低,而采动后,裂隙数量明显增多,发育度增加;近煤壁区域为裂隙聚集区,密度曲线呈“蛇”型分布;得到新的适合该矿地质条件下的覆岩导水断裂带发育高度经验公式。     

极不充分采动条件下地表下沉规律及计算方法研究

随着煤矿开采的不断加深,地表呆动程度(开采宽度D与开采深度H之比DIH)不断降低,并逐渐趋向于极不充分采动,同样长度的工作面对地表的影响程度极不同于浅部开采。因此,需要重新认识深部开采时的地表下沉规律。极不充分采动条件下地表下沉规律具有特殊性。经过对国内外大量观测资料的综合分析,发现当开采宽度小于地表下沉起动距时(极不充分采动),地表的下沉或地表下沉率(q′／q)为零。当开采宽度达到地表移动起动距时,地表下沉缓慢增长;达到临界采动距时,地表下沉急剧增大。地表下沉率(q′／q)与开采宽、深比D／H之间为负指数函数关系。在极不充分采动条件下进行地表下沉预计时必须对概率积分法的下沉系数进行修正。算例证明了本文给出计算方法的可行性。但这种修正方法如何与概率积分法相统一仍需进一步研究。     

小槽煤重复采动条件下断层防水煤柱宽度的数值模拟研究

为了合理确定断层防水煤柱宽度,利用FLAC数值模拟技术,根据小槽煤(太原组12下煤和16煤)重复开采的条件,对断层煤柱宽度进行数值模拟。结果表明,上、下两层煤开采时,围岩应力、塑性区分布及其变化特征不同,所需的断层防水煤柱宽度变化较大,12下煤开采时断层防水煤柱宽度为20 m;16煤重复采动条件所需的煤柱宽度为50 m左右。重复采动条件的断层煤柱留设宽度模拟结果能形象地刻画断层受采动影响程度,指导性更强,比《煤矿防治水规定》中的计算方法更具有一定的优越性,更能有效指导矿井16煤的断层防治水工作。     

大采深倾斜薄煤层底板采动破坏形态的连续探测

利用多回路钻孔注(放)水连续探测系统,结合断裂力学分析,研究了大采深倾斜薄煤层底板采动破坏特征与形态,结果表明底板破坏形态为一匙形,与厚煤层开采所形成的破坏形态相比其破坏特征的差异在于,底板采动裂隙主要是原生节理裂隙的扩展,而工作面推过压实后,绝大部分裂隙又趋于闭合。      

采深和松散层厚度对开采沉陷地表移动变形影响的数值模拟研究

文章以山西霍州辛置煤矿2204工作面为试验研究基地,采用岩石破裂软件RFPA2D模拟开采沉陷过程,研究煤层采动后地表移动及变形的规律;系统地分析了采深采厚比对地表移动及变形的影响。     

孤岛工作面底板破坏深度微震测试与模拟分析

针对孤岛工作面煤层开采底板损伤问题,以河北葛泉煤矿11913孤岛工作面为研究对象,采用微震方法分析其底板破坏深度;并通过数值模拟对首采、跳采及孤岛3种工作面回采过程中围岩采动应力与底板破坏的规律进行了对比分析。微震测试结果显示11913工作面回采过程中微震事件主要发生在下巷,识别出工作面最大破坏深度20~25 m;基于COMSOL的11912首采、11914跳采及11913孤岛3个工作面数值模拟结果显示,11912首采与11914跳采条件下煤柱地应力集中状态变化不大,最大破坏深度小于11.56 m,仅发育至工作面底板的注浆改造层内部;而11913孤岛回采条件下,受到重复采动影响,工作面两侧煤柱应力集中状态骤增,最大破坏深度剧增至23 m,已发育至煤层底板的本溪组灰岩含水层。研究结果对于华北型煤田下组煤层开采底板破坏规律分析与不同类型工作面回采条件下底板水害防治有一定的参考价值。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of