钱家店铀矿床含矿建造后生改造作用探讨:来自蚀变特征及地球化学的证据

基于开鲁盆地钱家店铀矿床含矿砂岩的偏光显微镜、扫描电子镜显微镜下观察以及元素地球化学分析,探讨了该砂岩型铀矿的形成过程.镜下观察结果显示,该矿床矿石中存在5种矿物蚀变作用类型:高岭石化、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、重晶石化和水云母化;钻孔伴生元素特征表明,钱家店部分铀矿体在初次形成后,可能又遭受后期流体叠加改造作用;元素迁移特征表明,矿区总体可能经历了两期不同性质的成矿流体,前期流体导致矿化砂岩的形成,后期流体在此基础上叠加改造,使铀再次富集成高品位铀矿石.综合前人研究资料,认为钱家店铀矿床经历三阶段成矿流体作用:第一阶段为同生沉积铀成矿;第二阶段为油气/热液改造叠加成矿;第三阶段为层间氧化铀成矿.     

重力场特征与砂岩型铀矿的关系及地质意义

重力场变化特征能够较好地反映地下地质体信息,砂岩型铀矿分布特征与重力场具有一定联系。我国砂岩型铀矿主要分布在我国布格重力异常场中-西北部区,且砂岩型铀矿床大多位于重力场由高向低变化的梯度带上,但靠近重力场高值区。结合砂岩型铀矿成矿机理,分析中-西北部区主要含铀盆地构造演化、地层结构等特征,认为位于中-西北部区的含铀盆地所经历的“次造山运动”及其后期相对稳定的构造环境有利于砂岩型铀矿成矿。斜坡的适度抬升有利于富铀岩体风化剥蚀,含铀含氧流体运移、断裂等因素控制砂岩型铀矿成矿,斜坡处地形改变形成重力场变化梯度带,地下断裂、岩石组分变化使重力等值线产生同形扭曲或错断现象。因此,重力场变化特征对划定砂岩型铀矿勘探靶区具有一定的借鉴作用,并以松辽盆地西南部钱家店铀矿床为例,探讨其成矿条件与重力场变化特征的关系,体现其实际应用性。     

松辽盆地西部斜坡构造-流体演化特征与铀聚集

构造与流体演化对砂岩型铀矿成矿有协同控矿作用的关系。以松辽盆地西部斜坡地层及构造演化为背景,对比分析测井等资料,通过野外地质、放射性地球物理、水文地质等调查及测量工作,应用砂岩型铀矿成矿理论分析认为:松辽盆地构造活动对西部斜坡构造演化、地下水运移及断裂的分布情况产生影响,控制铀聚集。斜坡西缘为层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿有利区,目的层为第三系地层;而斜坡中段则有利于古河道砂岩型铀矿成矿,四方台组为主要含矿层位。该区域铀矿化受深部断裂控制明显。对西部斜坡中段的后期铀矿勘查可借鉴二连盆地巴彦乌拉古河道砂岩型铀矿床成矿模式与勘探历程。     

钱家店铀矿集区磁放重特征及勘查方向探讨

通过对松辽盆地西南部钱家店铀矿集区及周边航磁、航放、重力资料的处理与综合解释,总结了钱家店铀矿集区区域地球物理场特征,分析了磁、放、重地球物理场与区域构造背景、砂岩型铀成矿地质环境之间的内在联系。通过对具有控矿意义的断裂构造F_2-1、F₅、Fg₁等的重磁场特征分析,探讨了断裂构造与盆地基底断块升降、砂岩型铀矿化之间的成因关系。此外,应用半定量预测技术和地球物理异常信息叠合研究,指出了成矿有利度高值带突出分布的部位,并探讨了今后研究区砂岩型铀矿重点勘查方向。结果表明,航磁、航放和重力三者结合,可有效地指导铀矿勘查方向。     

开鲁盆地砂岩型铀矿中黄铁矿与铀矿化成因关系探讨

开鲁盆地位于松辽盆地西南部,是中国北方砂岩型铀矿勘查的重点地区,自钱家店铀矿床发现以来,盆地内上白垩统姚家组目的层中相继发现了一些具有工业价值的铀矿床.为查明该层位中黄铁矿成因及其形成机制,探讨其与铀矿化之间的关系,本研究对含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿与铀矿物矿物学特征、黄铁矿S同位素开展细致研究.研究表明:(1)开鲁盆地姚家组砂岩中铀主要以独立铀矿物及吸附铀形式存在,独立铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主,含少量的钛铀矿及部分铀石,多数沿黄铁矿周边生长.吸附态的铀与黏土矿物密切相关.(2)姚家组砂岩中黄铁矿主要以草莓状、胶状及粒状产出,多与沥青铀矿共生,其中黄铁矿S同位素(d34S=–55.6‰～23.2‰),平均值–20.87‰,变化范围很大,说明硫的分馏程度较高,硫的来源范围较广.(3)分析表明黄铁矿具有细菌硫酸盐还原作用及热化学硫酸盐还原作用两种成因,并探讨了这2种成因黄铁矿的形成机制.综合前人研究,结合研究区成矿地质背景,认为黄铁矿为铀成矿作用提供了发生还原反应所需要的还原剂,且黄铁矿及铀矿物的形成与区内热流体存在紧密联系.     

松辽盆地东北缘白垩系砂岩型铀矿成矿条件与找矿方向

通过松辽盆地东北缘蚀源区铀源条件、中生代构造演化、白垩系沉积建造研究,结合石油部门地震连井剖面等资料,综合分析了松辽盆地东北部砂岩型铀矿的成矿条件研究,认为盆缘的富铀花岗岩体提供了丰富的铀源,中生代后期反转构造形成的剥蚀天窗为含铀含氧水的渗入渗出提供了通道.研究结果显示,松辽盆地东北部绥棱地区为最有利的砂岩型铀矿找矿部位,主要找矿目标层为上白垩统泉头组兼顾浅部姚家组,找矿类型为层间氧化带型.     

松辽盆地东北缘白垩系砂岩型铀矿成矿条件与找矿方向

通过松辽盆地东北缘蚀源区铀源条件、中生代构造演化、白垩系沉积建造研究，结合石油部门地震连井剖面等资料，综合分析了松辽盆地东北部砂岩型铀矿的成矿条件研究，认为盆缘的富铀花岗岩体提供了丰富的铀源，中生代后期反转构造形成的剥蚀天窗为含铀含氧水的渗入渗出提供了通道.研究结果显示，松辽盆地东北部绥棱地区为最有利的砂岩型铀矿找矿部位，主要找矿目标层为上白垩统泉头组兼顾浅部姚家组，找矿类型为层间氧化带型.     

松辽盆地钱家店铀矿含铀岩系层序地层结构对铀成矿的约束

弄清楚砂岩型铀矿含铀岩系地层结构及其对铀成矿的制约作用,是准确认识铀成矿规律和成矿作用的基础。综合地震、测井、岩心及分析测试资料,对松辽盆地西南部钱家店铀矿床含铀岩系——姚家组层序地层结构进行了研究,在此基础上,探讨了地层结构与铀成矿的关系。研究发现,钱家店地区姚家组为一个完整的三级层序,姚家组底界面为区域不整合界面,底部主要发育泥砾岩、含泥砾砂岩等,姚家组顶界为平行不整合,顶部发育一套紫红色夹灰色泥岩,在姚家组内部识别出了初始湖泛面和最大湖泛面,将其划分为低位体系域、湖泊扩展体系域和高位体系域。低位体系域分布范围较小,厚度平均约40 m,呈北东狭长型分布;湖泊扩展体系域和高位体系域地层连续超覆,分布范围向西南扩展至八仙筒-开鲁一带,总体仍为北东走向,地层平均厚度在研究区分别约为85 m和75 m。层序地层结构对研究区姚家组铀成矿具有约束作用,垂向上,由下至上不同小层序组铀矿化逐渐减弱;平面上,不同体系域铀矿化分布特征不同,低位体系域铀矿化主要发育在钱Ⅳ块-钱Ⅴ一带,呈北东走向条带状分布,矿体呈似板状、透镜状;湖泊扩展体系域铀矿化在钱Ⅱ-钱Ⅳ-钱Ⅴ一带呈不规则弧形分布,矿体呈"似卷状",为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿化;高位体系域铀矿化主要发育在钱Ⅲ块以及南部零星分布,推测向南具有进一步找矿空间。研究结果可为研究区找矿提供依据,并为铀成矿模式及成矿过程研究提供基础。     

中国含铀沉积盆地类型与铀成矿特征

文章根据盆地形成的地球动力学构造环境、盆地所处大地构造位置及其基底结构,将中国含铀沉积盆地划分为裂谷型盆地、前陆盆地、挤压挠曲盆地、山间盆地和走滑拉分盆地等5种类型。在分析各类型含铀沉积盆地地质特征的基础上,总结了各类型含铀沉积盆地的铀成矿特征;提出裂谷型盆地、前陆盆地以及山间盆地等3类中-新生代沉积盆地是我国地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿最有利的沉积盆地,也是今后我国地浸砂岩型铀矿的主要找矿方向;挤压挠曲盆地的铀矿找矿在我国已经取得重要进展,其找矿前景十分广阔;走滑拉分盆地的地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿条件相对较弱,但因其常常叠加热液改造成矿作用,其找矿前景还是值得探索的。     

布尔津盆地西部凹陷铀成矿水文地球化学条件初探

根据水成铀矿床理论，本在论述布尔津盆地水动力及水化学特征的基础上，通过资料综合整理，着重分析西部凹陷第三系层间水的铀水迁移分带规律，对层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿水地球化学条件进行初步探讨。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of