云南省镇雄县滑坡地质灾害主要致灾因子筛选及危险性分区

综合环境地质学、自然地理学等学科的理论和方法,对野外实地调查及室内整理的数据进行数学模型计算,系统研究了镇雄县滑坡地质灾害的时空分布规律.基于GIS叠加分析功能,得出镇雄县滑坡地质灾害的主要致灾因子,采用滑坡确定性系数（CF）法对滑坡地质灾害各个因子数据进行量比,并根据主要致灾因子数据与滑坡形成有利级别进行多元线性回归模型的建立,最终获得适用于镇雄县滑坡地质灾害主要致灾因子的多元线性回归模型,在此基础上对滑坡地质灾害危险性进行分区,得到各个分区的分布情况.     

新疆滑坡分布特征及成因探析

新疆特殊的地质条件和气候条件使得其滑坡地质灾害有一定的区域特殊性。本文在地质灾害区划研究的基础上对全区的滑坡地质灾害特征进行研究,具体从地貌条件、岩土体特征、滑坡与构造运动、滑坡与地表径流、滑坡与降水五个方面对滑坡地质灾害影响因素进行分析,根据滑坡灾害的特征找出滑坡形成的主要因素,以及全区滑坡的形成规律。     

中山市崩塌、滑坡地质灾害发育规律分析

随着社会经济的发展,人类工程活动日趋强烈,中山市崩塌、滑坡地质灾害呈加剧趋势。根据中山市1:50000地质灾害详细调查数据,结合中山市环境地质特征,对中山市崩塌、滑坡地质灾害的发育规律进行了分析。统计分析表明,4~9月是汛期雨季,是中山市崩塌、滑坡地质灾害的高发季节。崩塌、滑坡地质灾害多发生在坡高10~30m的斜坡带上,均分布于山体坡脚,临近居民区及建筑物,与人类工程活动密切相关。本地区崩塌、滑坡地质灾害具有突发性强、规模小、危害性大等特征,为中山市今后崩塌、滑坡地质灾害防治工作提供基础依据。     

油气长输管道滑坡地质灾害危险性评价专家系统研究

以运营的油气长输管道工程为依托,在收集、整理、综合分析既有资料基础上,通过对大量滑坡案例进行分析,明确了滑坡地质灾害的主要诱发因素与稳定性控制指标,建立了滑坡危险性评价指标体系。应用专家系统研究方法,建立油气长输管道线路滑坡地质灾害危险性评价专家系统,并对具体工程进行了地质灾害危险性评估,结果符合实际,可为油气长输管道工程地质灾害减灾防灾提供技术支撑。     

六盘山东麓断裂带滑坡类型与变形机理研究——以泾河源区为例

六盘山东麓地层结构特殊,断裂褶皱等构造发育,滑坡及其隐患点等不良地质灾害较多,特殊的地理、构造位置和潜在的孕震背景,致使该区具有产生大型滑坡的可能。本文依据新一轮以图幅带专题研究的地质灾害调查获取大量的数据,通过统计分析,对六盘山东麓断裂带滑坡产生的孕灾地质环境条件及其滑坡特性等进行了剖析,将研究区滑坡归纳为红层软岩滑坡、断层影响型滑坡、堆积层滑坡、黄土型滑坡4种不同类型,同时对其形成机理进行了探讨分析与研究,为完成地质灾害风险性区划评价,提出地质灾害综合防治对策建议提供了重要的理论依据。     

再论“滑坡群”——以三峡库区为例

在前人有关地质灾害的研究中,滑坡地质灾害以群体式出现的专业术语有"滑坡群"和"滑坡带"两种,但对其内涵的认识存在模糊性和局限性,缺乏层次性,多数情况下其只是对多个滑坡聚集的简称,没有体现出对地质灾害研究的指导意义。本文修正了"滑坡群"的概念,丰富了"滑坡群"的内涵,将"滑坡群"与相同的局部构造、活动构造相联系,使"滑坡群"内部的个体滑坡、相同新构造活动区域"滑坡群"之间的对比成为可能,实现了基础地质研究与灾害地质研究的有机结合。在此指导下提出了"滑坡群"评价方法,包括局部构造样式以及形成机理、局部构造与地质灾害空间演化规律、"滑坡群"内部个体滑坡对比,并建立了"滑坡群"时空演化模式,为预测滑坡破坏过程提供依据。     

商城县地质灾害气象预警研究

绝大多数地质灾害由人类工程活动和降雨协同作用诱发,降雨是滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害的主要激发因子,气象预报预警可有效预警滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害。商城县滑坡、崩塌、泥石流地质灾害发育,以地质灾害易发性区划图为基础划分为4个地质灾害预警区。充分考虑降雨对地质灾害发生的影响,对重点预警区及次重点预警区采用临界日综合有效过程降雨量模型判据法,进行地质灾害气象预警预报。     

分形分维理论在地质灾害发育及空间分布规律中的应用——以长安区滑坡、崩塌地质灾害为例

长安区区内地层岩性、地质构造多样,加之人类经济工程活动、降雨、地震等诱发影响,秦岭北坡及黄土台塬边缘滑坡崩塌地质灾害发育,是陕西省地质灾害较严重的县(区)之一。本文以长安区为研究区域,在对长安区自然地理及区域地质环境条件等资料充分收集的基础上,结合长安区滑坡崩塌灾害点的实际调查资料,详细分析了长安区的滑坡崩塌灾害发育特征及空间分布规律,并采用网络覆盖法,对长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害的空间分布进行了分形分维计算。求得地质灾害的空间分布分维值为0.876 6,反应出长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害空间分布特性的复杂性。研究结果表明,分形分维理论能合理评价地质灾害空间分布特征,对类似地区的地质灾害空间分布特征分析具有借鉴意义。     

降雨型滑坡危险性区划方法

降雨诱发的滑坡等地质灾害分布广、危害大,开展地质灾害危险性区划是减轻地质灾害损失的有效途径之一。以湖南省为例,根据地质灾害调查成果,选取3 412处滑坡,分析了区域降雨型滑坡的发育特点和分布规律,建立了危险性区划指标体系,利用不确定性推理中的确定性系数法,对滑坡与工程地质岩组、坡度、坡向、植被和年均降水量5个评价因子进行了相关性分析,建立了Logistic多元回归模型;采用不规则网格单元划分方法,形成了湖南省滑坡灾害危险性区划图。     

基于信息量法模型与GIS的滑坡地质灾害风险性评价

为查明理县滑坡地质灾害总体风险水平,根据滑坡高易发的特征,选取坡度、坡向、构造、岩性、水系、降雨、地震、人类活动等8个因子作为滑坡危险性评价指标,选取人口密度、单位面积GDP和土地资源作为易损性评价指标,基于层次分析法-信息量法模型,使用GIS技术开展理县滑坡地质灾害风险评价。地质灾害风险性评价结果符合理县滑坡地质灾害现状,具有较高的准确性,为理县有效防治滑坡地质灾害提供了科学依据。     

多级旋转黄土滑坡基本类型及特征分析

多级旋转黄土滑坡因其分布密集、继发性强、滑体结构难以区分而成为我国黄土高原最为复杂的滑坡灾害类型.本文在引入多级旋转滑坡的定义的基础上,通过野外详细调查和工程勘察等手段,研究我国黄土高原地区典型的多级旋转黄土滑坡的基本类型、特征和成因.提出了金台型多级旋转黄土滑坡和黑方台型多级旋转黄土滑坡2种滑坡模式和滑坡结构特征,其...     

青藏公路和铁路沿线的滑坡研究

利用地面控制点及DEM数据对以ETM为主的遥感数据进行了几何精校正,形成了调查区的正射影像;采用人机交互解译辅以实地验证的方法技术,查明青藏公路和铁路沿线50km宽的条带内有覆盖面积大于0 01km2的滑坡552处,它们可分为5个类型,主要分布在青藏线南段及远离交通线的位置。岩类岩性、活动断裂、地形、冻土是影响本区滑坡发育的主要地质环境因素,气候也有重要作用。约占总数10%的滑坡分别在7个地段穿过或接近公路和铁路线,可能会影响交通安全,须进一步调查及监测。     

Landslides types controlled by tectonics-induced evolution of valley slopes (Northern Apennines,Italy)

This paper investigates the role played by geomorphological and tectonic processes affecting a portion of an active mountain belt in causing the occurrence of different types of landslides developed in flysch bedrock. The adopted multidisciplinary approach (geomorphology, geology and geophysics) allowed to recognize in a portion of the Northern Apennines of Italy different types of landslides that developed in response to slope dynamics, in turn dependent on broader regional-scale tectonic processes. Sedimentary bed attitude, local tectonic discontinuities and lithology only partially influenced the type of landslides, which have been deeply affected by the activity of regional-scale antiform that controlled the hillslope geomorphic evolution in different ways. The growth of this structure and the tilting of its forelimb produced gently dipping slopes that approached the threshold angle that can cause the occurrence of (mainly) translational rockslides. Conversely, high-angle normal faulting parallel to the antiform axis (related to a later stage of activity of the antiform itself) strongly controlled the stream network evolution and caused the watercourses to deeply incise portions of their valleys. This incision produced younger steep valley slopes and caused the development of complex landslides (roto-translational slides-earth/debris flow). The results of the integrated study presented in this paper allowed to distinguish two main types of landslides whose development reflects the events that led to the geomorphological and geological evolution of the area. In this perspective, within the study area, landslides can be regarded and used as indicators of broader-scale recent tectonic processes.     

The new landslide inventory of Tuscany (Italy) updated with PS-InSAR: geomorphological features and landslide distribution

In this paper, the updating of the landslide inventory of Tuscany region is presented. To achieve this goal, satellite SAR data processed with persistent scatter interferometry (PSI) technique have been used. The updating leads to a consistent reduction of unclassified landslides and to an increasing of active landslides. After the updating, we explored the characteristics of the new inventory, analysing landslide distribution and geomorphological features. Several maps have been elaborated, as sliding index or landslide density map; we also propose a density-area map to highlight areas with different landslide densities and sizes. A frequency-area analysis has been performed, highlighting a classical negative power-law distribution. We also explored landslide frequency for lithology, soil use and several morphological attributes (elevation, slope gradient, slope curvature), considering both all landslides and classified landslide types (flows, falls and slides).     

On far field occurrence of seismically induced landslides

Earthquakes may induce landslides at large distances from the epicentral area. In the last two decades, there have been many studies of this phenomenon to determine the causes that contribute to the occurrence of landslides at very long distances from earthquake epicenter. In this study, which is based on previously published works, a worldwide database comprising 270 earthquakes, including 150 during the instrumental period, was compiled to analyse the features of those landslides that occur at much further distances than maximum expected distances. From the analysis of the compiled data, it was observed that susceptible slopes can be grouped into five broad geological categories: jointed rock, marly–clayey (cohesive) soils, granular alluvial and/or colluvial sediments, volcanic soils, and residual soil slopes. These categories were equally likely to be associated with far field disrupted landslides, whereas far field coherent landslides were more frequent on cohesive soil slopes. Other factors, along with slope susceptibility may also contribute to far field landslides and increase the size of the area affected. Among these factors, site effects, antecedent rain and occurrence of seismic series have been cited. The analysis of available data also showed that for events of the same magnitude, far field disrupted landslides may occur at greater distances than coherent ones. The same database has also been employed to determine, for the first time, the upper bound curves for the maximum observed epicentral distances of several types of landslides and the maximum area observed to be affected by landslides, both based on the epicentral intensity of the events.     

A landslide database for Nicaragua: a tool for landslide-hazard management

A digital landslide database has been created for Nicaragua to provide the scientific community and national authorities with a tool for landslide-hazard assessment, emergency management, land-use planning, development of early warning systems, and the implementation of public and private policies. The Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaraguan Geosciences Institute, INETER) began to compile the database in a digital format in 2003 as part of a comprehensive geographical information system for all types of geohazards. Landslide data have been obtained from a variety of sources including newspapers, technical reports, and landslide inventory maps. Inventory maps are largely based on fieldwork and aerial-photo analyses conducted by foreign development agencies in collaboration with INETER and other Nicaraguan institutions. This paper presents the sources of landslide information, introduces the database, and presents the first analyses of the data at national and regional scales. The database currently contains spatial information for about 17,000 landslides that occurred in mountainous and volcanic terrains. Information is mainly recorded for the period 1826–2003, with a large number of events that occurred during the disastrous Hurricane Mitch in October 1998. The oldest historical event is dated at 1570, some events are recorded as prehistorical, and other events have unknown dates of occurrence. Debris flows have been the most common types of landslides, both in volcanic and nonvolcanic areas, but other types, including rockfalls and slides, have also been identified. Intense and prolonged rainfall, often associated with tropical cyclones, and seismic and volcanic activity represent the most important landslide triggers. At a regional scale, the influence of topographic (elevation, slope angle, slope aspect) and lithologic parameters on the occurrence of landslides was analyzed. The development of the database allowed us to define the state of knowledge on landslide processes in the Nicaragua and to provide a preliminary identification of areas affected by landslides.     

基于GIS的滑坡地质灾害地貌因素分析

基于ArcGIS平台, 利用SRTM-DEM数据资料, 选择青藏高原东缘及四川盆地为研究区, 提取了区内地形起伏度和坡度等地貌参数, 统计了区内2319个滑坡点的高程, 初步建立了地形地貌与滑坡灾害点分布之间的对应关系。结果表明, 研究区滑坡灾害点及其高程分布具有明显的区域规律性, 滑坡灾害点发生的高程为400~800m和1400~2000m, 这两个区间占研究区所有滑坡总数的40%和28%;滑坡所对应的地形起伏度主要在300~600m, 占研究区所有滑坡总数的48.68%;滑坡灾害发生的地形坡度为10°~25°, 占研究区所有滑坡总数的44.70%。研究发现, 这些地区对应的地貌类型主要是深切的"V"型河谷和山谷地貌。此外, 从断裂活动等方面分析了滑坡形成的动力机制。      

Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA

Landslides in the hilly terrain along the Kansas and Missouri rivers in northeastern Kansas have caused millions of dollars in property damage during the last decade. To address this problem, a statistical method called multiple logistic regression has been used to create a landslide-hazard map for Atchison, Kansas, and surrounding areas. Data included digitized geology, slopes, and landslides, manipulated using ArcView GIS. Logistic regression relates predictor variables to the occurrence or nonoccurrence of landslides within geographic cells and uses the relationship to produce a map showing the probability of future landslides, given local slopes and geologic units. Results indicated that slope is the most important variable for estimating landslide hazard in the study area. Geologic units consisting mostly of shale, siltstone, and sandstone were most susceptible to landslides. Soil type and aspect ratio were considered but excluded from the final analysis because these variables did not significantly add to the predictive power of the logistic regression. Soil types were highly correlated with the geologic units, and no significant relationships existed between landslides and slope aspect.     

Determination of Characteristics of Main Sliding Lithological Groups with Displacement Table of Pascal-Yanghui Triangle in China

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雅西高速冕宁段主要地质灾害类型及发育规律

在资料搜集、野外地质调查的基础上,对雅西高速冕宁段主要地质灾害类型及发育规律进行了分析总结,以期减少和预防高速公路遭受崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等的危害.研究表明,该区地质灾害类型主要为滑坡和泥石流,且以泥石流为主,具有分布广、密度大、危害性大等特点,在空间和时间上具有群发性和集中诱发的特征;地质构造、地形地貌、新构造运动、地层岩性是导致雅西高速冕宁段崩塌、滑坡和泥石流灾害频繁发生的内在影响因素,降雨、地震及人类工程活动是最为重要的诱发因素.