土地勘测信息化工作的现状和发展

1引言 土地是人类赖以生存的物质基础,是不可再生资源,十分珍惜和合理利用每一寸土地是我国的基本国策。中共中央、国务院《关于进一步加强土地管理切实保护耕田的通知》（中发[1997]11号）指出：“土地管理部门要抓紧建立全国土地管理动态信息系统,采用现代化技术手段,加强对全国土地利用状况的动态监测”。     

建立总体地籍图编码的一种方案

一、建立总体地籍图编码的必要性 土地是人类最重要的生产资料，它不仅应为现代人类服务，而且也是人类千秋万代的生存基础。因此，应合理地规划和利用土地，使它造福于人民。随着社会主义市场经济的建立，土地使用制度的改革正在逐步扩大，     

城镇土地潜力调查评价技术研究与实现

本研究在西安市城镇地籍调查成果和变更调查成果的基础上,利用地籍信息数据库、地价数据库,采用GPS技术、GIS技术和数据库技术,进行了土地利用潜力评价技术研究。该技术结合了近年来西安市土地信息化管理的科技成果,不仅实现了土地利用潜力评价功能,而且建立了评价指标体系和评价模型,利用潜力评价信息系统结合地籍数据库资料,算了西安市土地利用的潜力,为西安市城市土地挖潜指出了方向和目标。     

积极探索土地储备机制——宁波市国土资源局

2001年4月,浙江省宁波市建立了城市土地储备中心,至今,全市已建立土地储备机构9个,配备工作人员56名;收购储备土地168幅1071公顷,用于土地收购储备资金近55亿元;已出让74幅422公顷,合同出让金75亿元。土地储备机制的建立,对合理利用城市土地、促进城市建设起到了积极的作用。 一、保证了土地利用总体规划和城市规划的有效实施 政府掌握城市土地的收购权和供应权,可以按照规划的要求有计划地确定收购和出让的地块、范围、数量,明     

土地利用与规划管理信息系统的建立

1前言 随着计算机高科技技术的迅猛发展,各种信息系统的不断涌现并广泛应用于国家资源管理部门。其中,地理信息系统是重要工具。土地利用与规划管理信息系统就是以GIS为支撑,以土地利用现状为基础建立起来的面向用户的应用型信息系统。通过进行土地利用现状变更调查,掌握土地分布现状的土地利用动态,是土地管理部门行使土地管理职能的重要基础工作。     

关于开展城镇初始地籍调查工作的几点体会

土地是不可再生资源，自古就有寸土寸金之说。地籍是土地管理的基础，为了维护土地社会主义公有制，保护土地权属的合法权益，并为制定土地政策与土地的合理利用提供基础资料，实施国际化大都市科学的城市管理，建立地籍管理信息系统迫在眉睫。     

新形势下土地利用规划编制信息系统设计思路

针对上一轮规划存在的问题,提出了新形势下开发土地利用规划编制信息系统的必要性和设计思路,尤其把环境影响评价引入规划编制的过程中,为土地优化配置、合理利用土地提供了决策依据。     

石油城市土地利用规模合理性评价研究——以黑龙江省大庆市为例

定量分析石油城市用地规模合理性,为制定城市发展战略提供重要的参考和依据。本文以黑龙江省大庆市为例,以影响城市土地利用规模合理性的土地投入强度、土地利用效率、土地产出能力和土地可持续利用度为要素层构建石油城市土地利用规模合理性评价指标体系,运用熵值法对大庆市2002-2007年土地利用规模合理性进行评价。结果表明,大庆市土地利用规模合理性总体呈上升趋势。土地投入强度、土地利用效率、土地产出能力和土地可持续利用度对土地利用规模合理性影响存在一定差异,土地利用协调度呈现先下降后上升的趋势,土地利用协调度与土地利用规模合理性变化趋势不一致。土地利用协调度下降是近几年来大庆市土地利用规模合理性增长幅度缓慢的主要原因。     

济南市土地利用变化监测分析

济南作为山东省省会城市,在城市发展与土地利用变化方面应做到合理监测。本文以山东省济南市为研究对象,对济南市的土地遥感影像图进行分类。利用2005年和2016年济南市区Landsat遥感影像为基础数据,结合济南市矢量边界文件,对济南市的遥感影像图进行处理,通过目视解译,建立合理的训练样本,再结合野外调查的结果,制作济南市的土地利用分类图,根据分类结果对济南市土地利用变化进行分析与评价,为今后的济南市土地利用提供科学的依据和合理的建议[1]。     

城市土地利用评价与空间监控预警系统建设初探

城市土地利用评价与空间监控预警是基于城市土地承载力和城市土地适宜性理论,评价城市土地承载力并形成城市土地适宜性分区图,并对土地利用方式改变给城市土地利用系统带来的影响进行评价分析,从而实现对空间的监控预警、控制城市增长。我国正步入城市社会,而城市可扩展空间有限,适当的城市规模、合理的城市布局不仅能够节约集约用地,而且能够节约资源和能源。将先进的计算机技术运用到城市增长控制中,处理城市土地利用系统不断更新的、日趋繁杂的空间数据和属性数据,可以使我们更容易、也最大可能地接近目标。     

TM图像在县级土地资源调查与开发规划中的应用研究

TM图像自应用于土地资源调查以来,对其应用潜力争议很大。鉴于此,本文以河北省南皮县为研究区,利用常规方法,分析、评价了TM图像在县级土地利用制图与农业分区中的应用效果,并与SPOT图像进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,利用TM图像进行县级土地利用制图与农业发展分区,可以得到令人满意的结果,借助TM图像包括中红外在内的多波段光谱信息的优势,可以达到SPOT多波段图像的应用效果。本研究为我国应用TM图像进行县级土地资源调查与制定发展规划提供了一个实例。     

基于3S技术的土地开发整理探讨

土地开发整理对于节约土地资源、维持可持续发展具有重要作用,是一项涉及多方面的复杂系统工程。3S技术为土地利用信息获取和土地开发整理提供了必要的技术支撑,本文在总结分析3S技术特点的基础上,设计了基于3S技术的土地开发整理体系,该体系可以为土地开发整理工作提供借鉴。     

Local spatial context measurements used to explore the relationship between land cover and land use functions

Research making use of satellite data for land change science has developed in the last decades. However, analysis of land use has not developed with the same speed as development of new satellite sensors and available land cover data. Improvement of land use analysis is possible, but more advanced methods are needed which make it possible to link image data to analysis of land use functions. To make this linking possible, variable which affect farmer's long term decisions must be taken into account in analysis as well as the relative importance of the landscape itself.A GIS-based tool for the measurement of local spatial context in satellite data is presented in this paper and used to explore the relationship between land covers present in satellite data and land use represented in official databases. By the use of the developed tool, a land configuration image (LCI) over the Siljan area in northern Sweden was produced and used for analysis. The results are twofold. First, the produced LCI holds new information about variables that are relevant for the interpretation of land use. Second, the comparison with statistics of agricultural production shows that production in the study area varies depending on the relative land configuration. Villages consisting of relatively large-scale arable fields and less diverse landscape are less diverse in production than villages which consist of smaller-scale and more heterogonous landscapes. The result is especially relevant for land use studies and policymakers working on environmental and agricultural policies. We conclude that local spatial context is an endogenous variable in the relation between landscape configuration and agricultural land use.     

武汉市1：1万土地利用数据库建设与应用

1:1万土地利用数据库是土地管理信息化的基础,其最终目的是为国土资源管理以及其它行业服务。本文在土地管理基本理论和武汉市土地利用数据库应用实践的基础上,研究了数据库应用的多种方法,总结了数据库的应用模式以及多种应用成果表达方式。结果表明,土地利用数据库在日常地籍管理、土地资源与资产管理以及经济社会发展等领域有着广泛的应用。     

土地利用变化模拟模型及应用研究进展

元胞自动机CA(Cellular Automata)和多智能体ABM(Agent-Based Model)模型是土地利用格局和演化模拟的主流方法,两者在模拟自然因素影响和人文驱动机制方面具有突出优势,为LUCC研究提供了重要的工具。当前,ABM无论在模型构建还是应用研究方面,CA和ABM均取得了显著进展。论文从数据基础、模拟尺度、CA转换规则挖掘、ABM行为规则定义、CA和ABM的耦合4个方面梳理土地利用模拟模型和方法的研究进展。并总结这些模型在虚拟城市模拟与理论验证、真实城市模拟与规划预测以及多类用地模拟与辅助决策等方面的应用。最后,总结土地利用模拟模型在精细模拟和全球变化研究方面存在的局限性,认为未来发展将主要集中于解决从2维模型向3维模型发展、大数据与规则精细挖掘以及大尺度模拟与知识迁移等问题。     

Comparative analysis of land use/cover change trajectories and their driving forces in two small watersheds in the western Loess Plateau of China

To prevent soil loss and achieve better ecological environments, soil conservation measures have been taken during the past decades in the western Loess Plateau of China. In this paper, a case study was taken in Luoyu valley and Lver valley, two sub-watersheds of Xihe watershed and comparison was carried out between them. The main object of this study is to monitor land use/cover changes in the two similar small watersheds utilizing SPOT5 imageries by object-oriented human–computer interactive classification method, further develop the method of spatio-temporal analysis of land use/cover change by using pattern metrics of change trajectories and relative land use suitability index (R) in smaller watersheds, and make comparisons between the two similar small watersheds, taking water and soil conservation measures into consideration. Results show that combining GIS and RS, this method can be perfectly applied to make comparisons between different small watersheds with similar geographical backgrounds. And land use/cover spatiotemporal dynamic change characteristics can be preferably expressed by pattern metrics of change trajectories and R values based on topographical data. Different emphases have been laid according to their own geological backgrounds in the two watersheds and human activities have different effects on the landscapes of the two watersheds. The main change pattern is from slope farmland to terrace (322, the largest in Luoyu valley) or to economic fruit forest (344, the largest in Lver valley). R value of every slope grade in both of the two watersheds drops with the rising of slope degree on the whole and it shows that there is still much to do for people in the two watersheds in consideration that all the R values are still lower than 0.7.     

Remote sensing research issues of the National Land Use Change Program of China

In 1999, the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) of China launched the National Land Use Change Program especially to monitor the scale and distribution of urban expansion and the decrease in cultivated land through remote sensing technology. This Program has been carried out annually and continuously for seven years since then and played an important role in the policy-making of MLR about land management and planning. This paper gives an overview about this Program and discusses several research issues. First, the remote sensing data sources and other ancillary data used in this Program are presented. The approaches for image preprocessing, i.e. radiometric normalization, image geometric rectification and image fusion are then introduced with an emphasis on the algorithm development for image registration. Second, land use change detection technique is the most critical and complex aspect of the Program. The methodologies for change detection using either bi-temporal image pair or one existing land use map and one remotely sensed image are detailed. Third, since the data of land use changes derived from remote sensing will be operationally used for local and central government, field validation and accuracy assessment are crucial to ensure the reliability of change detection results. The strategy of field work and the resulting accuracy evaluations is presented. The land use and change information derived from remotely sensed data has wide applications for land management, including land use database updating, verification of land use planning and monitoring of national high-tech parks. Last, suggestions on how to make full use of the images and change detection result, to improve the consistency of land use classification and to develop change detection algorithms for diverse and complex remote sensing data are given.     

3S技术在土地利用可持续发展进程中的应用探讨

土地是人类赖以生存的物质基础,随着经济以及工业化、城镇化的迅猛发展,土地资源需求强劲,环境和资源压力过大,土地急剧减少并危及到人类社会和生态环境的和谐发展。如何合理地利用和保护土地成为众多学者研究的焦点。本文对土地可持续发展的趋势与进程进行了追溯与归纳,探讨了应用3S技术进行土地利用的可持续性发展的趋势,希望能对我国土地利用研究有所借鉴。     

Choosing pasture maps: An assessment of pasture land classification definitions and a case study of Brazil

Pasture land occupies extensive areas and is increasingly of interest for sustainable intensification, land use diversification, greenhouse gas emission mitigation, and bioenergy expansion. Accurate maps of pasture and other managed land covers are needed for monitoring, intercomparison, assessing potential uses, and planning. Yet, land maps can be generated from different types of classification datasets – i.e. as a land use or land cover type – as well as different sources. In this study our aim was to assess and compare land use and land cover definitions for pasture, and examine variability in the resulting pasture land classification maps. First, we conducted a review of pasture definitions in commonly used mapping databases. We then performed a case study involving Brazil, a dominant global producer of pasture-based livestock. Six geospatial databases were harmonized and compared to each other and to MODIS land cover for Brazil including the Cerrado and Amazon biomes, which are internationally recognized for their ecological value. Total pasture area estimates for Brazil ranged by a factor greater than four, from about 430,000 km² to over 1.7 million km². Our analysis showed high variability in pasture land maps depending on the definitions, methods and underlying datasets used to generate them. The results are illustrative of a symptomatic problem for all manage land datasets, demonstrating the need for land categories studies and geospatial data resources that fully define land terms and describe measurable management attributes. Additionally, the suitability of individual geospatial datasets for different types of land mapping must be better described and reported. These recommendations would help bring more consistency in the consideration of managed lands in research, reporting, and policy development, as demonstrated here for pasture land using six case study datasets from multiple sources.     

Geostatistical techniques for incorporating spatial correlation into land use change models

Land use modeling requires large amounts of data that are typically spatially correlated. This study applies two geostatistical techniques to account for spatial correlation in residential land use change modeling. In the first approach, we combined generalized linear model (GLM) with indicator kriging to estimate the posterior probability of residential development. In the second approach, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to simultaneously model spatial correlation and regression fixed effects. Spatial agreement between actual and modeled land use change was higher for the GLM incorporating indicator kriging. The GLMM produced more reliable estimates and could be more useful in analyzing the effects of driving factors of land use change for land use planning.