子午线弧长的解析型幂级数确定

针对子午线弧长反解计算过于繁琐的问题,文中利用复合函数的求导法则,变换变量进行幂级数展开,在近似情况下给出了通项公式,并严密推导了幂级数展开式.又设定子午线弧长反解公式的形式,利用Hermite插值原理得出各参教.用各方法得出的公式全部采用e2的幂级数形式给出,可操作性、可重复、唯一性都比较好.经试算其精度在千分之一秒以上,可提供实际使用.     

子午线弧长反问题新解

针对子午线弧长反解计算过于繁琐的问题，利用复合函数的求导法则，变换变量进行幂级数展开，给出了通项公式，利用Hermite插值原理推导了各参数，借助Mathematica计算机代数系统，得出了这些公式用偏心率e表示的幂级数表达式。经试算其精度在0．001＂以上，可供实际使用。     

依不同纬度变量的子午线弧长正反解公式的级数展开

推导了以归化纬度、地心纬度解算子午线弧长的展开公式,同时又根据拉格朗日反演定理,得到了由子午线弧长反解归化纬度、地心纬度的直接公式。该组公式与子午线弧长正反解公式的大地纬度表达在结构形式上保持一致,进一步揭示了子午线弧长同3种纬度变量之间的内在联系。分析表明,基于归化纬度的子午线弧长解算与大地主题解算方法具有理论上的统一性,正反解精度均高于传统基于大地纬度的展开。     

等距离纬度等量纬度和等面积纬度展开式

对数学制图学中经常遇到的等距离纬度、等量纬度和等面积纬度展开式进行新的研究。借助计算机代数系统强大的数学分析功能,给出这些纬度用偏心率幂级数形式表示的正解公式,并且以此为基础,给出纬度用偏心率幂级数形式表示的反解展开式,与以往数值形式表示的反解公式不同,这些反解展开式是以符号形式给出,研究表明计算机代数系统的应用不但极大地提高公式推演的效率和准确度,而且反解系数可以表示为更简单和更便于记忆的符号形式。     

子午线弧长公式的简化及其泰勒级数解释

通过引入椭球的第三扁率及高斯超几何函数,推导得到子午线弧长解算公式的简化形式,并给出其泰勒级数解释,进而根据拉格朗日余项理论估计其误差。以WGS-84椭球参数为例进行验证分析,结果表明简化后的子午线弧长公式精度提高显著,误差估计理论正确。     

适用于不同椭球的高斯平面坐标正反算的实用算法

本文详细介绍了适用于不同椭球的高斯投影正反算公式中子午线弧长或底点纬度的计算方法,并给出了实用公式。该公式简便实用,便于计算机实现。为验证此公式的正确性,本文最后用该公式计算了54椭球子午线弧长及底点纬度计算式中的各系数,与天文大地网推算的相应系数进行了比较验证。     

高精度任意元素椭球面子午线长度的正反算

依据高精度子午线长度正算公式,给出了子午线弧长反算公式基于迭代算法程序语言的具体实现,计算出了常用4种椭球的高精度系数值,然后进行了正反算的验证。     

椭球子午线弧长计算的新方法

根据子午线弧长的计算原理,推导出一个新的子午线弧长计算实用公式。采用新公式计算由赤道到纬度φ的子午线弧长时,在计算效果及计算精度分析方面比传统公式更加直观、准确。     

符号计算系统及其在测绘中的应用--以子午线弧长反解为例*

简要介绍了Mathematica及其它符号运算系统,并结合子午线弧长反解讨论了Mathematica在测绘中的潜在应用前景.     

辅助纬度反解公式的Hermite插值法新解

利用计算机代数系统,推导出了地图投影中辅助纬度与大地纬度间的正反解变换公式,发现和纠正了传统正解公式高阶项中的一些错误;借助Hermite插值法得到了符号形式的反解表达式.将各辅助纬度展开式系数表示为简单的偏心率e的幂级数形式,使得系数的表示形式更为统一.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。