GPS、VLBI和SLR确定地心坐标的精度分析

为评价GPS、VLBI和SLR这3种空间技术确定地心坐标的真正实现精度,我们把3种技术在并置站上的地心坐标进行了相互比较。经过偏心改正和7个参数的转换后,可获得任意2种技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差,以此作为外符精度。可以看出,VLBI与GPS地心坐标三分量的外符精度在1cm之内,SLR与VLBI和GPS地心坐标三分量的外符精度在1～3cm之间。表明VLBI和CPS实现的地心坐标精度比SLR高一些,已达毫米级。     

ITRF2008框架下VLBI与GPS确定地心坐标的精度分析

为了解ITRF2008框架下VLBI和GPS两种空间技术确定地心坐标的真正实现精度,在并置站上对VLBI和GPS两种空间技术测定的地心坐标进行了比较,经过偏心改正和七参数转换之后,得到两种空间技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差,其可以认为是这两种空间技术的真正实现精度,经比较分析这两种地心坐标三个坐标轴方向分量的外符精度都在10mm之内,说明VLBI和GPS确定的地心坐标精度已达到毫米级。     

两种空间技术实现独立地球参考架地心坐标的精度分析

在并置站上对GPS和VLBI两种空间技术测定的地心坐标进行了比较,经过历元统一、偏心改正和七个转换参数之后,得到了两种空间技术地心坐标之间的不符值,其可以认为是这两种空间技术的真正实现精度,这两种地心坐标三个坐标轴方向分量的外符精度都在1 cm之内,试验说明了GPS和VLBI确定的地心坐标已达到毫米级。     

基于沿海业务观测的ＢＤＳ大气可降水量反演

随着中国北斗导航卫星系统新一代ＢＤＳ－３卫星发射,需要对ＢＤＳ反演大气可降水量的精度进行评估。选取 ４个中国沿海ＧＮＳＳ业务观测站,采用精密单点定位方法,设计了ＢＤＳ－２、ＢＤＳ－３和ＢＤＳ－２／３等３种数据处理方案, 开展岸基ＢＤＳ水汽反演试验,并以ＧＰＳ　ＰＷＶ和ＥＣＭＷＦ提供的ＥＲＡ５产品作为参考值,对ＢＤＳ　ＰＷＶ进行精度分 析。结果表明,利用新一代ＢＤＳ－３卫星反演的ＢＤＳ－３ＰＷＶ和ＢＤＳ－２／３ＰＷＶ与ＧＰＳ　ＰＷＶ和ＥＲＡ５ＰＷＶ参考值均 具有很好的一致性,其平均偏差分别为０．６ｍｍ和０．２ｍｍ,均方根误差分别优于１．０ｍｍ和１．６ｍｍ,具有较高的精 度,从而验证了新一代ＢＤＳ－３卫星对ＢＤＳ水汽反演精度提升的贡献;ＢＤＳ－２／３ＰＷＶ的精度略优于ＢＤＳ－３ＰＷＶ,在 一定程度上验证了ＢＤＳ混合星座对水汽反演精度的影响。     

用间隔三差相位模型整体平差GPS网

本文提出用间隔三差相位模型处理ＧＰＳ观测数据，整体平差ＧＰＳ网。阐述了基本模型和数据处理方法。用以此模型和方法为基础编写的软件ＳＯＳＤＳ处理了１９９１年５月至１９９２年４月观测的分布在全国范围的５３个点的ＧＰＳ网数据。结果显示出，基线精度为２×１０－８；基线向量的单弧解算精度为４０ｃｍ（Ｎ）、９３ｃｍ（Ｅ）和１０６ｃｍ（Ｕ）；点位坐标的相对精度为３×１０〔－８〕。     

北斗卫星载波动态差分定位最新性能评估

为了评估ＢＤＳ载波动态差分的最新定位性能,文中选择在巴西、美国、澳大利亚和中国境内共８个ＩＧＳ站构 成的基线长度在３０ｋｍ以下的４条基线,基于２０２１－１０－０８—２０２１－０８－１４ＢＤＳ,ＧＰＳ以及ＢＤＳ＋ＧＰＳ观测数据进行载 波动态差分定位,统计并分析可见卫星数目、ＥＮＵ 时间序列和定位精度,获得了ＢＤＳ最新的载波动态差分定位性 能。结果表明,ＢＤＳ可见卫星数明显多于ＧＰＳ;ＢＤＳ与ＧＰＳ载波动态差分定位结果稳定性基本相同;ＢＤＳ与ＧＰＳ载 波动态差分定位精度在Ｅ,Ｎ,Ｕ方向均能达到ｃｍ级精度,且在Ｅ和Ｎ方向的定位精度优于１ｃｍ。与单系统相比, ＢＤＳ与ＧＰＳ的组合系统能较好地提高定位精度。     

中国测绘科学研究院科研成果介绍

ＧＰＳ和ＳＬＲ站坐标比较和有关问题的研究“ＧＰＳ和ＳＬＲ站坐标比较和有关问题的研究”是国家测绘局测绘科技发展基金项目。研究工作于１９９６年７月开始,完成于１９９８年１０月。该项研究是为了充分发挥房山人卫观测站ＳＬＲ和ＧＰＳ数据的作用。房山人卫站的ＳＬ...     

板块运动及其对测站位置的影响

本文简述了地球板块运动的特征，介绍了国际上最新推荐的板块运动模型ＮＵＶＥＬ ＮＮＲ－１，讨论了板块运动对测站位置的影响，指出在高精度的ＶＬＢＩ和ＳＬＲ数据处理中必须顾及该项影响。     

GPS辅助光束法区域网平差—太原试验场GPS航摄飞行试验结果

本文简要介绍了ＧＰＳ辅助光束法区域网平差的基本原理和方法，详细讨论了太原航摄机动态试验场实际ＧＰＳ航摄飞行试验的结果。利用联合平差程序ＷｕＣＡＰＳ系统对试验区进行ＧＰＳ辅助光束法区域网平差，用分米级精度的ＧＰＳ摄站坐标获得了实地上平面为±７．９ｃｍ、高程为±１８．１ｃｍ的加密精度，充分显示了动态ＧＰＳ定位技术在航空遥感定位中的广阔应用前景。     

工程GPS平面控制网的精度衡量方法

提出一种由ＧＰＳ独立观测边组成闭合环的各坐标分量闭合差计算ＧＰＳ平面控制全中误差的公式。给出了根据地心直角坐标系各坐标分量计算平面上环闭合差的简化公式。根据《工程测量规范》各等级三角网、三边网的主要精度指标,计算了相应等级ＧＰＳ平面控制网的全中误差指标。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。