G7公路甘肃段爆破施工对土遗址震动影响的检测与分析

近年来土遗址受城市建设和交通施工损害的现象时有发生,对于这些人为因素对遗址的影响缺乏有效的检测与评估手段。本文基于G7高速公路的爆破振动观测,进行质点峰值加速度和峰值速度的衰减分析,开展爆破震动对附近明水军事要塞土遗址震动影响的研究。通过对竖向、水平向的振动加速度和速度的观测和数据分析,得出不同药量条件下,对应相同质点的震动峰值加速度衰减规律。提出了公路爆破附近土遗址震动控制范围和最大药量的施工建议,为爆破附近有土遗址的施工提供了数据支持,相应的结论和建议可以在同类土遗址保护中参考使用。     

青岛地铁工程爆破振动效应分析

本文根据大量现场观测资料研究了青岛地铁施工爆破引起的地面振动效应,分析了炸药类型,药量,爆心距,施工爆破方法以及地质条件等因素对爆破振动效应的影响,总结了青岛地铁施工爆破所引起的地面振动强度的一般规律,为施工中的爆破优化设计和爆破振动控制提供了依据。     

建筑物下爆破地震效应的研究——"爆破安全规程"的应用与修正

叙述了大姚铜矿的大药量爆破振动效应观测,研究了在建筑物下的爆破施工中,如何确保建筑物安保证安全生产最大用药量的问题,结合“爆破安全规程”药量指数m的应用与修正,从而得出正在对爆破上方的建筑物地面爆破振动动加速度a,速度v随爆心距地面投影r与爆心深度h之比值（r/h)的衰减变化规律;发现临近正对爆心的地面振动有强心现象,并定义它为“极震”效应;定义“极震”效应系数N为正对爆心实测加速度a或速度v与用振动衰减普适式求得值a'或v'之比（N＝a/a',或N=v/v'）。经多年的安全生产证明,采用振动衰减普适式（药量指娄m=1/3)和“极震”效应系数修正法,效果良好,获得生产最佳用药量,民房安全率达98％左右。     

爆破对建筑物的影响

研究了爆破振动强度与爆破药量、距离和工程地质条件等因素的关系。并就爆破对建筑物的破坏作用进行了分析。编写的计算程序可供爆破安全设计使用。     

爆破地震效应数据处理影响因素初步研究

利用爆破及打桩振动地震效应实测数据，讨论了实测数据拟合K值与国家标准规定K值差别较大问题。结果表明：药量对反演安全距离无影响；爆破K值差异较大的主要因素是测点之间传播介质不均匀，近爆源测点介质致密，远离爆源测点介质疏松所致。     

强震动台站与干扰源最小距离的初步研究

为了在强震台址勘选、台站观测环境保护工作中对泵房、火车站、采石场爆破这三类干扰源的避让提供定量参考依据,通过实地测试,探讨了这三种干扰源的振动衰减关系.研究认为预警与固定观测台站离开11 kW泵房的距离应不小于69 m;离开(客货低速)铁路线的距离应不小于228m;离开采石场的距离应不小于723 m.烈度速报台站离开泵房的距离应不小于19m;离开铁路线的距离应不小于156 m,离开采石场的距离应不小于428 m.     

复杂环境水下控制爆破工程影响效应测试分析

结合某沉管隧道沉管段基槽开挖工程,采用爆破动态效应的现场测试、理论分析等综合手段,探索水下爆破水中冲击波和爆破地震波动对邻近建筑物的动态效应特性。研究表明:(1)与地震波的峰值压力值相比,浅水条件下钻孔爆破水中冲击波压力值较小,传播速度也没有地震波快,特定情况下,在考量岸边堤岸及岸边建筑物的稳定性时可以忽略水冲击波的影响;(2)对于不同区域爆破施工来说,应根据其距离被保护对象的远近,选择各允许最大药量中的最小值作为最大爆破控制药量。研究成果对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

工程振动影响范围的评价

工程振动会对民房造成一定影响,评价这一问题需要确定工程振动安全标准以及影响范围。当采用不同标准时,安全距离有差异,需要具体问题具体对待。对于大吨位机械施工造成民房振动破坏的,可采取隔震措施,并根据场地土及房屋的主频范围避开主振频率,以减轻房屋共振。在城市活断层的研究中,需要对近断层工程破坏作用做出评价,由于地震的发生,断层的破裂时间与地点无法准确预知,因此这种破坏作用的研究只能限于理论计算,通过测试方法研究振动的作用,以期在近断层的破坏研究中得到借鉴。     

某水工隧洞爆破震动对周边建筑物影响的试验分析

隧道开挖时的爆破震动对周边建筑物安全影响很大,但目前对不同爆破参数、周边建筑的距离与爆破开挖之间关系的研究成果不多,实际工程中也难以把握。以宁夏固原市某水工隧道工程为依托,采用现场试验的方法,对地表关键位置质点爆破振动频率与振动速度进行测试和分析。结果表明:(1)经测试发现房屋主振频率在10~60Hz间,而一般房屋建筑的频率均小于10Hz,说明此次试验中爆破震动不能与房屋产生共振。(2)对试验数据进行分析,并依据爆破震动规范安全振速标准进行判别,发现此次试验中土坯房的安全距离为160 m,一般砖房为60 m。研究结果可为隧道爆破的设计与施工提供理论依据,为类似隧道的爆破工程及解决由爆破引起的纠纷提供借鉴。     

察尔汗盐湖强夯施工对附近建筑物影响的测试及鉴定

通过对青海省察尔汗盐湖强夯施工场地的振动测试,得到强夯时产生的振动速度随距离的增加而衰减的规律,从而确定强夯施工对附近建筑物所产生的影响。     

Analysis of parameters of ground vibration produced from bench blasting at a limestone quarry

The aim of this study is to predict peak particle velocity level at a limestone quarry located in Istanbul, Turkey. The ground vibration components were measured for 73 blast events during the bench blast optimization studies during a long period. In blasting operations; ANFO (blasting agent), gelatine dynamite (priming) and NONEL detonators (firing) were used as explosives at this site. Parameters of scaled distance (charge quantity per delay and the distance between the source and the station) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration components were measured by means of vibration monitors for every event. Then, the data pairs of scaled distance and particle velocity were analyzed. The equation of scaled distance extensively used in the literature was taken into consideration for the prediction of peak particle velocity. At the end of statistical evaluations, an empirical relationship with good correlation was established between peak particle velocity and scale distance for this site. The established relationship and the results of the study are presented.     

Evaluation of blast-induced ground vibration effects in a new residential zone

The results from an experimental blasting program that was performed at the special explosives training field of the General Directorate of Security in Ankara, where new residential blocks are planned to be constructed nearby, are presented. With the objective of estimating the blast-induced ground vibration effects on the proposed structures, various blasting parameters of nineteen surface and underground explosions were recorded in two directions at three measurement stations. Site-specific empirical relationships between peak particle velocity, the amount of explosive and the distance were developed. These relationships were used to construct a practical blasting chart, which gives the maximum amount of explosive to be used as a function of distance, for future underground and surface blasting operations in the training field. Since the use of peak particle velocity in the field of civil engineering has been limited so far, site-specific parameters were also estimated to predict the blast-induced horizontal peak ground acceleration. Then, an attempt was made to investigate the dynamic responses of four and six storey reinforced concrete structures that consist of frame and shear wall type structural systems under the measured accelerations using finite element analysis. The limitations of this approach were discussed within the context of damage estimation.     

Evaluation of ground vibration effect of blasting operations in a magnesite mine

Ground vibrations induced by blasting are one of the fundamental problems in the mining industry and may cause severe damage to structures and plants nearby. Therefore, a vibration control study plays an important role in the minimization of environmental effects of blasting in mines. This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurement induced by bench blasting at Magnesite Incorporated Company (MAS) open pit mine in Turkey. The scope of this study is to predict peak particle velocity and to determine the slope of the attenuation curve for this site. For this purpose, the blasting parameters of 43 shots were carefully recorded and the ground vibration components were measured for each event. After carrying out statistical analysis, the site specific parameters were determined to predict the peak particle velocity. In the light of this analysis, the prediction graphics of maximum charge weight per delay versus distance for different damage criteria was proposed to be able to perform controlled blasting in order not to damage to the nearby structures, especially to the plant where rotary and shaft kilns have been established.     

列车运行对民宅影响的测试与分析

利用工程振动测试仪器，对位于铁路路旁的两座民宅的自振频率进行了测量，同时，在几种不同状况的列车运行时，对这两座民宅的频率、速度值进行了测量，和国家有关技术规范对比，判定列车运行是否会引起房屋损坏。     

地铁隧道爆破施工影响的邻近居民楼质点峰值振速研究

地铁隧道爆破施工时严重威胁邻近居民楼的结构安全,因此研究邻近居民楼爆破峰值振速是非常必要的。文章基于群孔荷载简化模型、柱面波理论及传统的应力波衰减理论,在考虑高程效应影响下推导质点峰值振速公式。依托乌鲁木齐地铁一号线工程,对一邻近六层居民楼的爆破施工响应进行监测,并将实测质点峰值振速、提出的修正公式预测振速和传统萨道夫公式预测的振速进行对比分析。研究结果表明:采用修正公式预测的质点峰值振速与现场实测值的分布规律一致,呈现出随着高程增大而逐渐增大的趋势;而且现场实测值与修正公式预测值相对误差较小,表明考虑高程因子的修正公式是可行的。     

兰青铁路增建二线青海省乐都段施工振动效应测试与分析

2007年4月21日青海省工程地震研究院对兰青铁路增建二线青海乐都施工段施工引起的振动效应进行了现场测试。主要任务是对乐都段4个施工现场场地不同施工方式（不同震源）下因施工引起的振动效应进行现场测试,获得振动效应数据并进行分析,为选择适宜的施工方式,提高工效,减轻施工振动对周围建筑物、构筑物和需保护工程设施及周围居民点的影响提供参考依据。     

青海玛多7.4级地震极震区震灾调查及分析

2021年5月22日2时4分,青海省玛多县发生7.4级地震,距震中26 km的野马滩大桥及周边区域为此次地震极震区（地震烈度Ⅹ度,面积约69 km2）,受损尤为严重。桥梁表现为落梁式破坏,房屋不同程度受损。对极震区内野马滩大桥及周边房屋进行实地调查与震灾分析,并提出灾后重建及震灾防御相关建议,包括组织专业人员进行灾区房屋安全鉴定,建议牧民居住建筑采用轻钢式结构,建议原地重建野马滩大桥并增加限位装置及连梁装置。