南京市溧水区水资源开发利用现状及潜力探析

根据溧水区区域概况、水利工程和水资源现状,分析其水资源开发利用过程中供用水结构和用水总量等指标与最严格水资源管理制度考核目标的相符性,并结合用水结构研究了水资源开发潜力。研究表明:溧水区水资源丰沛,但降水时空分布不均,供需矛盾突出,建议加强区域供用水调控和城市再生水回用,增加水资源开发潜力;溧水区农业用水比重较往年有所增加,建议加强农业用水效率控制。并提出"河长制"工作不仅需注重水环境、水生态领域,处理好水资源保护与利用的关系方面亦需重视。     

生态小区水资源利用系统研究

我国是一个水资源相对短缺、人均水资源严重不足的国家,高效的利用水资源,是解决我国水供需矛盾的根本方法。通过查阅大量资料,对以居住小区为单位的水集约利用系统进行研究,构建了生态小区水利用的模式框架,并对各个功能单元进行了详细区分,通过对雨水收集利用、中水回用、景观水的相关问题研究,分析了西安市实行小区生态化用水的可行性。     

西安市水资源可持续利用的探讨

西安市是我国西部的中心城市,水资源严重短缺,供需矛盾十分突出,缺水已成为制约经济社会可持续发展的重要因素.通过对西安市水资源、水资源开发利用现状及开发利用中存在的问题分析,提出保障水资源可持续利用合理可行的开发措施及对策.     

西安市水资源可持续利用研究

西安市是我国严重缺水城市之一,人均水资源量大大低于国际公认的维持一个地区发展所必须的人均1 700m3的临界值。本文阐述了水资源可持续利用的概念与特征,分析了西安市水资源利用存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决对策,为其它水资源紧缺城市的发展提供借鉴。     

三角模糊数方法在水环境风险评价中的应用

为了研究丁香湖再生水回用后对丁香水源地水质带来的风险,利用三角模糊法对再生水回用后丁香湖地区水质进行风险评价,得出北部污水处理厂的出水在未来可能对丁香湖周边的水源地产生污染,使此水源地无法保证出水的安全,甚至可能使之废弃的结论。建议对污水厂出水深度处理,严格控制相应指标后再进行回用,同时加强水源地保护,尽量阻止污染物进入水源地防护区。     

河北省水资源环境及污水再生回用展望

环境污染、水资源短缺等问题已严重威胁着城市的发展，必须改善生态环境。合理利用城市污水，加强城市规划。对影响城市污水回用的因素进行了分析，并提出污水再生回用的策略及其展望。     

淄博市再生水利用研究

调查研究再生水利用的基本方法、处理回用工艺和利用途径。利用淄博市污水处理厂、建筑中水设施的现状及运行情况进行分析,用再生水设计处理能力和现状处理量,按照节水型社会建设要求,经测算淄博市再生水可利用量可达到42万m3。根据淄博市再生水规划总体思路和各行业的实际需水情况,制定各区县再生水利用规划方案,包括再生水的规划利用量和利用途径。     

西安市地下水开发利用中的环境问题及对策

对西安市地下水开发利用中的环境问题进行了分析,指出地下漏斗、地面沉降、地裂缝以及地下水质污染是西安市存在的主要问题,地下水超采是引起以上问题最主要的因素,最后提出了回补地下水,充分利用非传统水资源,加强地下水开发利用规划等五项防治对策。     

淮河流域水资源问题与建议

淮河流域社会经济进入快速发展期,水安全将面临更大的压力与挑战。调查总结了淮河流域水资源工程体系建设成就,分析了水资源现状和存在的问题;围绕全流域水资源配置和管理,提出增加洪水资源和再生水利用,新建和扩建水资源拦蓄工程及跨流域跨区域调水工程,建立水资源及水环境实时调度管理系统,实行区域用水总量控制制度,进一步加强水资源及水环境重大问题的关键技术研究等,为淮河流域经济社会又好又快发展提供支撑与保障。     

试论西安市水资源优化调配问题

扼要论述了西安市水资源面临优化调配的历史选择,认为解决西安市水资源长期供给不足要从过去传统的开源方式,尽快转变为开源与优化调配相结合,开源要立足于优化调配。从效益原则出发,综合考虑各方面因素,提出西安市水资源优化调配的具体对策和建议。     

西北地区水资源再生利用研究

水资源是西北地区社会经济发展和生态环境建设的重要制约因素,水资源的高效利用是推进西北地区发展过程中必须解决的问题。文章根据西北地区水资源短缺的现状,分析该地区水资源的特点及其利用中存在的主要问题,并以西安为研究案例,提出西北地区水资源再生利用的途径。     

Evaluation of urban underground space resources using a negative list method: Taking Xi’an City as an example in China

Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources, and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city. It is also very important to improve the city environment, build livable city and increase the capacity of the city. Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems, a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed, to be primarily used in urban planning stages. A list of the adverse factors is established, including limiting factors, constraining factors and influencing factors. Taking Xi’an as an example, using a geographical information system platform, a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi’ an City are evaluated, and preventive measures are proposed. Natural resources, exploitable resources, and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated. Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city, collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources, environmental impact and assessment, as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.     

贵州省矿山废弃地研究

贵州省土地利用形势严峻，矿山弃弃地作为我省土地的一种特殊类型的资源，它的整治与重新利用已成为一条土地再利用、保护环境的有效途径。本文重点分析废弃地产生原因、特征与问题、整治利用实践，从而为废弃地的整治和可持续利用，提供科学的依据。     

西安某高校中水回用工程实例研究

针对目前许多城市将新型大学园区规划在城郊风景区域,远离城市市政管网,大学园区内污水处理和资源化这一个特殊问题,提出具有普遍应用性的解决方案。研究校区内生活、办公过程中产生的废水进行生物处理,使之达到中水水质标准,作为校区内的生活杂用水,用来冲厕、绿化、冲洗和水景用水,达到水资源的重复利用,节约资源的目的。     

再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系

把城市污水净化处理为符合回灌标准的再生水并安全回灌补给地下水, 对于实现污水资源化、含水层恢复、缓解我国水资源供需矛盾和环境污染态势具有重要意义.针对再生水回灌地下水存在的水质安全问题, 通过理论分析、系列实验和技术集成形成了再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系及关键技术.该安全保障体系包括场地选择与勘查、高效低成本的再生水处理技术、土壤—含水层系统数学模型和回灌方案设计技术、水质监控系统、安全评价技术以及回灌管理法规等.这些要素相互依赖、相互作用, 构成一个完整的体系.郑州郊区示范工程证实了该水质安全保障体系的可行性.2年示范工程表明, 处理的再生水水质达到《城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质》(GB/T 19772-2005)标准, 优于场地背景地下水水质, 补给含水层后的地下水基本达到《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14818-1993)Ⅲ类水标准.建议有关政府部门把再生水利用及回灌补给地下水, 纳入水资源开发利用及环境保护规划的整体框架中, 尽快制定或完善再生水回灌补给地下水的相关法律、法规和标准体系, 建立再生水回灌许可证制度, 有序推进再生水回灌工程.      

日照市水资源利用现状及可持续利用研究

分析了日照市的水资源现状以及在开发利用方面存在的问题,提出了解决水资源危机、确保城市可持续发展的策略和途径：实行地表水、地下水、城市雨水以及过境水的优化分配、联合调度;发展节水农业;配套高效、健全的保障体系;建设污水处理与中水回用工程;改善水库周边环境,提高水资源保护意识;采取有效的海水入侵防治措施等。     

Structural and fractal characteristics of biofilm attached on the surfaces of aquatic plants and gravels in the rivers and lakes reusing reclaimed wastewater

Reusing reclaimed wastewater from lakes has become one of the most effective measures to relieve the urban ecological crisis. However, reclaimed wastewater still contains large amounts of nutrient salts, trace organic pollutants, suspended solid particles and microorganisms, which may significantly affect the aquatic ecosystems. The health of aquatic ecosystems can be directly and effectively monitored by evaluating the biofilms in them, because the structures of biofilms are directly affected by multiple environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to study the structures of biofilms attached on multiple medium surfaces in river-lake systems that contain reclaimed wastewater. In this study, the paper applied scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology and fractal theory to quantitatively describe the structural characteristics of biofilms attached on the medium surfaces of aquatic plants and gravels in the Lianshi Lake of Beijing Yongding River and other two kinds of reclaimed water of the river-lakes, whose sewage treatment processes were the combined process of deposit and sand filtration and UF membrane filtration, plus anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process, respectively. The paper found that these two types of biofilms were typical porous media and their basic skeletons were mainly composed of inorganic particles, microorganisms, and algae. Furthermore, most areas between the particles were filled with extracellular polymers (EPS) secreted by bacteria. At the same time, these biofilms showed obvious fractal and multifractal characteristics, but the fractal dimensions alone failed to effectively describe the complexity of biofilm structures. The multifractal spectra were able to quantitatively characterize the biofilms’ heterogeneity. In addition, the number of microorganism species, the quantity and the heterogeneity of aquatic plants’ surface biofilms were all higher than those of gravel surface biofilms, most likely due to the effects of light. In addition, the heterogeneity of biofilms in reclaimed water treated by the combined process of deposit and sand filtration and UF membrane filtration plus anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process was higher than that of biofilms in reclaimed water treated by traditionally activated sludge process (Lianshi Lake’s water). Besides, the non-uniformity of biofilms in reclaimed water treated by combined process of deposit and sand filtration was higher than that of biofilms in reclaimed water treated by UF membrane filtration plus anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process.     

Evaluation of sustainable water supply alternatives in karstified rock masses using GIS and AHP methodology for Antalya (Turkey) urban area

The demand for water by growing populations and agricultural operations in the Antalya urban area is expected to increase significantly in the near future. For that reason, alternative water sources are important to the future of Antalya. There are a large number of water sources around Antalya to meet the water needs of the city. These are classified as surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water. One of the options considered is the provision of water from rock pores. Rock pore water has been adopted as a potential alternative for water resources in the area. It is proposed to drill horizontal galleries using the microtunnel machine to the rock masses in carbonate aquifers to obtain new water resources. This study presents a useful method to find water supply alternatives for urban areas like Antalya. In this study, karstified rock masses have been evaluated for the karst hydrosystems and water source from rock pores using geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process. Additionally, this study discusses the practical value of the provision of water from rock pores, as well as the possibility of application and selection of potential areas.     

A successful transformation of conventional SBR to MBR at Indian casino and facility: a case study of Chumash Casino and Resort Water Reclamation Facility (WRF), water reuse perspectives

A conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was successfully transformed to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) at an Indian casino resort and hotel, Santa Ynez, California. The technical difficulties from the existing process at the site including a 3-mm screening unit, SBR biological tanks, and sand filtration were relieved of by new biological membrane technology. As the hotel and its vicinity expanded, the existing SBR was not able to treat an increased flow, which was major driving force for such membrane-upgraded project. In addition, as the area was in a high drought zone, without meeting the purpose of water reuse, new hotel expansion was not permitted. New membrane process was designed and built with new 2-mm screening unit, pre-anoxic, oxic (or aerobic), post-anoxic, and MBR tanks along with UV disinfection. The retrofitting work was conducted, minimizing a major revision on the existing SBR structure and its civil work. Therefore, the new packaged system has brought a number of benefits to the customer, thereby utilizing reclaimed water highly meeting the California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22 requirements. The reclaimed water goes to toilet water, cooling tower, and irrigation. This study details how such process transformation was technically finished and would help other similar cases in terms of retrofitting exiting biological process to a membrane application without a major civil construction. The cost analysis including capital, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs was included so that it will be practical to ones who will conduct future similar projects.     

基于不同插值方法的地下水等值线图绘制研究

将SURFER软件应用到地下水位等值线图绘制中,并以希尼尔水库为例,研究采用不同插值方法下SURFER软件绘制等值线图的差异,提出了不同插值方法的适用范围。