Design and implementation of a triple-redundant dynamic positioning control system for deepwater drilling rigs

Triple-redundant control architecture of the main control station is proposed for dynamic positioning (DP) system from a practical point of view according to the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) DP Class 3 notation. To improve the single fault tolerance, both operator station systems and real-time control computer systems are designed with triple modular redundancy. Hierarchical software layers of the triple-redundant control architecture are implemented based on the different real-time response requirements of the layers. Input and output voting are incorporated to the positioning task to detect and isolate faults in the sensors and in the control system. Hard-in-the-loop (HIL) testing system together with model-scale tests are conducted to verify the proposed triple-redundant control architecture. The feasibility and fault-tolerant capability of the triple-redundant hardware and software architecture both in HIL and model tests are demonstrated.     

A hierarchical real-time control architecture for a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle

This paper describes a real-time control architecture for Dual Use Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (DUSAUV), which has been developed at Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) for being a test-bed of development of underwater navigation and manipulator technologies. DUSAUV has three built-in computers, seven thrusters for six DOF motion control, one 4-function electric manipulator, one ballasting motor, built-in power source, and various sensors. A supervisor control system with GUI and a multi-purpose joystick is mounted on the surface vessel and communicates with vehicle through a fiber optic link. Furthermore, QNX, one of real-time operating system, is ported on the built-in control and navigation computers for real-time control purpose, while Microsoft OS product is ported in the supervisor computer for GUI programming convenience. A hierarchical control architecture, which consists of application layer, real-time layer and physical layer, has been developed for efficient control system of above complex underwater robotic system. The experimental results with implementation of the layered control architecture for various motion control of DUSAUV in an ocean engineering basin of KRISO is also presented.     

Designing a Dependable and Fault-Tolerant Semiautonomous Distributed Control Data Collection Network With Opportunistic Hierarchy

This paper presents the satellite-linked data acquisition and photogrammetry (SLiDAP) network, designed to conduct shore-based, close-range 3-D imaging in remote areas. The lack of communications and power infrastructure and ability to service the system requires periodic, synchronous operations of multiple semiautonomous elements with a high degree of reliability. The SLiDAP system uses an opportunistic network architecture based on four distinct levels of control, to accommodate unpredictable operational constraints and failures. The synchronization of periodic tasks in a distributed control and remotely operable network are highlighted, and measures to increase the reliability of system operations are discussed, including hardware redundancy, intelligent watchdog timer, software error tolerance, self-repair, and remote update capability. The characteristics of the SLiDAP system within the concept of autonomic computing are discussed.     

深水半潜式钻井平台动力定位实时功率模拟研究

以某深水半潜式钻井平台为例,建立平台和推力系统模型,对风、浪、流环境载荷作用下的动力定位系统进行时域模拟,得到平台的运动时历和功率消耗,对平台动力定位的实时功率进行研究。为了验证数值计算的准确性,开展相关模型试验研究。旨在借助时域模拟来分析平台动力定位实时功率,通过模型试验来验证数值计算,检验了动力定位时域模拟的可靠性和优越性,为以后工程实际应用提供了重要的理论依据。     

推力器失效形式对DP-2级动力定位系统最优作业方向影响

以3 000 m水深DP-2级动力定位半潜平台为算例,研究在风浪流同向作用下,平台在各个角度下所能抵抗的最大外界环境力,得到最优作业方向。在此角度下,着重分析当不同推力器失效时,对动力定位能力的影响。得到一般规律,并推广到一般平台。     

海洋调查测量信息系统(一):硬件部分

在调查测量船的设计论证过程中,针对调查测量设备信息综合处理和任务指挥控制的需求,基于对调查测量船典型装备配置及能力的分析,提出了由软硬件两部分组成的调查测量信息系统,设计了由数据采集分发平台、声学同步控制模块和数据远程通信模块组成的系统硬件部分,实现了调查测量信息的集中采集、实时分发、远程传输,以及调查测量作业的同步控制,有效保证了调查测量船装备布局的统一性和科学性,为海上同步高效作业能力的生成提供了硬件保障。     

深水钻井船动力定位能力分析方法研究

在风载荷估算的传统模块法基础上,引入了形状修正系数、方向修正系数和遮蔽系数,提出了适合于钻井船风载荷估算的改进模块法,可为钻井船动力定位能力分析提供更准确的环境载荷。同时,针对深水钻井船配置有数量众多推力器的特点,采用序列二次规划法进行推力器的推力分配优化求解,形成了适用于深水钻井船的动力定位能力分析方法,并编制了相关分析软件。实例分析表明,本方法计算结果可靠,可以用于深水钻井船的动力定位能力评估。     

潜标式海洋探测仪控制系统及模块设计

基于CORTEX M4内核的STM32嵌入式系统,设计并实现了用于长期监测海洋地理环境参数(温度、盐度、湿度等)的潜标式海洋探测仪,给出了主控系统及各个模块的设计方案及选型,通过合理的功能分配,可靠的硬件设计和有效的软件实现,使探测仪具备低功耗、高可靠的特点。海试实验表明,主控系统实现了对探测仪的浮力调节、能源供电及应急处置等状态控制,通过在SOFAR声道工作,完成了对深海海洋要素的实时监测。     

受损结构余度评估的半概率方法

本文给出了一种结构系统余度的度量定义，基于结构系统机构化失效概念和相当可靠性指数。本文提出了对受损结构安全评做的半概率方法。所示算例表明了本方法的有效性。     

Fifth generation digital sonar signal processing

This paper discusses the evolutionary development, which has taken place over the last decade, in digital sonar systems architecture with the application of first, second, and third generation computers as system controllers for sonar systems. It is the opinion of the authors that, with the arrival of microprocessors, the system controller tasks in real time digital sonars will diminish. We present, as the "fourth generation," the present systems which still have a relatively large CPU, assisted by an array of microprocessors under their control for several subtasks which can be handled, more efficiently, locally in the systems. The "fifth generation" concept is postulated as a further development of this concept. A distributed processing scheme is presented in which the processing elements are actually highly functionally distributed themselves at the lowest level of architecture; consequently, the user views them as uniprocessors within the tightly coupled network. This approach should result in relatively high throughput utilizing a fairly small repertoire of modular hardware components and requiring minimal software effort by implementing, via firmware, very high level macros. This concept allows adaptive system architecture for the various advanced sonar data processing requirements for multielement linear, spatial, or blanket type array systems postulated for the future.     

Semi-Probabilistic Evaluation of System Redundancy for Existing Offshore Structures

In this paper, a new definition of structure system redundancy is proposed in view of the various measures for structure redundancy. By introducing the terms of structure system failure at the mechanism level and equivalent reliability index, the safety for existing offshore platforms can be evaluated by the semi-probabilistic method presented in this paper. Some numerical examples are given and satisfactory results have been obtained.     

ROV虚拟监控和动力定位系统软件分析与设计

在某型ROV控制系统的基础上扩展开发了一套具有虚拟监控(VMS)功能和动力定位(DP)功能的软件,此软件不仅能够仿真ROV的水下作业过程并且能实时对ROV的水下作业进行控制。介绍了此软件的开发过程并对软件中各组成部分以及它们之间的关系进行了详细的论述。     

基因扩增(PCR)分析仪温度控制

为满足PCR仪温度控制升降温速度快,精度要求高的特点,文章就PCR仪温度控制系统的软硬件设计进行详细讨论,提出硬件设计方案和模糊自整定PID控制算法.实际应用证明,文种控制方法具有良好的动、静态性能和较强的自适应能力,达到了控制的要求.     

On the use of the capability polar plots program for dynamic positioning systems for marine vessels

As the capability of polar plots becomes better understood, improved dynamic positioning (DP) systems are possible since the control algorithms greatly depend on the accuracy of the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic models. The measurements and estimation of the environmental disturbances have an important role in the optimal design and selection of a DP system for a marine vessel. The main objective of this work is to present a new software program capable of estimating the environmental forces, thrusters capability calculations, and capability polar plots for marine vessels. A flowchart illustrating the logic and data flow of a developed software program, the Capability Polar Plot Program (CPPP), and the estimated results for two case studies for a scientific drilling vessel and a survey vessel are presented. It is obvious from the obtained results that the developed program has a future potential for the estimation of the Capability Polar Plots for marine vessels. Moreover, the developed software program would be considered as a marine tool for the thrusters' selection and their configuration for marine vessels and floating production units for the Oil and Gas industries.     

立管对深水半潜式生产平台定位性能影响研究

基于三维频域势流理论,计算船体的水动力参数;采用动态耦合方法分析了深海半潜式生产平台各系统之间的相互作用特征,研究了立管系统对锚泊系统定位能力的影响。计算结果表明,立管系统在一定程度上增加了整个系统的刚度,其所受的附加质量和阻尼可降低平台的低频响应,从而降低平台的偏移和系泊缆的张力;海流将增大立管上的拖曳力,使平台偏移更远,锚索上的张力更大;立管系统对锚泊系统定位性能的最终影响需综合考虑多种因素的叠加。对目标平台而言,由于服役海域的流速较大,对立管的拖曳作用较为明显。因此,为确保平台的安全性,当服役海域流速较大时,带有多立管的平台,其锚泊系统的设计应考虑立管的影响。     

基于矢量信号处理的水声定位系统

将传统的水声定位系统与矢量水听器相结合，设计了一种全新的轻便型长基线被动水声定位系统。介绍了系统的组成和工作原理，并结合近年来出现的矢量信号处理技术，设计了新的实时信号处理软件。经湖试和海试，系统的可行性得到了初步的验证。     

基于双冗余以太网通信的气象实时观测数据采集网络传输系统的设计与实现

随着以太网技术应用的日趋成熟,在海洋和大气观测领域,人们希望对传统不具备网络通讯能力的观测仪器进行智能化和网络节点化改造。设计和实现了一套气象实时观测数据采集与网络传输系统。该系统采用基于ARM的嵌入式系统集成设计方案,实现了对外部传感器实时观测数据的采集和以太网通信。作为多级网络系统中的一个网络节点,该采集传输系统采用双冗余以太网通信接口设计,使系统中的双路以太网在一路局部故障或线路受损时可以自动冗余切换。这一设计特点大幅提高了作为网络节点的数据采集传输系统在与外部其他设备通信时数据传输的可靠性。通过在以太网条件下,网络闭环控制运行试验等测试,证明所开发的气象实时观测数据采集网络传输系统运行稳定可靠,双冗余以太网接口切换正常,数据采集传输及时准确,可完全满足实际应用的需要。