一种适于浅水定位的超短基线装置与定位方法

针对浅水水域水声信号多途效应导致信道衰落,真实时延信号获取难度大的问题,研制了一种适用于浅水定位的超短基线装置,并提出一种附有约束条件的互相关时延估计方法。采用脉冲挑选和时延差相位修正方法对目标轨迹进行精确跟踪定位,某湖试实验结果表明,该方法的定位轨迹光滑稳定,野点少, 定位精度高。     

深海会聚区波导不变量特征研究及应用

为了解决深海会聚区目标及其运动态势难以判断的问题,在研究会聚区形成条件和其声场传播规律以及波导不变量理论的基础上,对典型深海环境不同位置的声强距离-频率分布图中的干涉条纹特征进行理论分析和仿真验证。结果表明,深海会聚区存在与其他区域不同的干涉条纹特征,其对应的波导不变量?值为负。本文提出了利用会聚区特有的干涉条纹特征,对会聚区目标及其运动态势进行初步判断的方法,仿真结果和试验数据表明,判断方法具有可行性和有效性。     

浅海声信道中脉位信息检测的抗多途研究

简述了浅海声信道中多途干扰的主要特征及其对脉位信息检测的影响,探讨克服多途干扰的几种可能途径,并提出了一种有效的抗多途方法,以实现浅海声信道中脉位信息的可靠、精确检测。     

频率编码水声遥控指令的抗多途对策

浅海信道中,多途干扰是水声遥控指令可靠检测的首要障碍,本文探讨频率编码遥控指令的抗多途对策,即通过阻塞多途来削落多途干扰。     

深海RAP下的水声信道特性与通信技术研究

可靠声路径(Reliable Acoustic Path,RAP)是深海声传播的重要通道之一,其受界面影响较小, 传播损失较低,可以传播到较远的距离,而且在临界深度以下,环境噪声较低;其次,可靠声路径有效避开了多途扩展现象,声线以结构稳定的直达声为主。在总结可靠声路径物理机理和声传播优势的基础上,对比分析了几种不同海洋参数条件下 RAP 声传播特性,然后采用射线模型仿真分析了 RAP 声信道内的接收声线结构,之后基于仿真的 RAP 信道进行了单载波通信性能的分析。仿真结果发现：在 RAP 声信道内,直达声能量高,传播损失低,声线结构稳定且多途扩展小,对环境变化不敏感,在 35 km 左右的中远程距离内具有很高的信噪比;相同仿真条件下,RAP 区域的误码率较同距离浅深度的接收低很多,而且 RAP 区域接收信号信噪比高出其他区域 10 dB 左右。该研究结果对于实现垂直方向上深海信息的跨域传输具有重要意义。     

海洋信道多途干扰下提高信息传输可靠度的一种编码方法

水声数据在海洋信道传输过程中．除受到海洋噪声干扰外还存在由于信道界面反射引起的多途干扰。多途干扰的性质不同于海洋噪声及其它类型噪声．在抗干扰理论中所归纳的几种抗干扰方法均不适用本文提出一种编码方法．它使多途干扰信号在某一特定时刻以相同相位同时抵达接收点．由于信号的相互迭加作用使信号幅度增大．有效地提高海洋信道中数据传输的可靠性。     

浅海声信道文本信息传输研究

论文首先介绍浅海声信道声传输的基本特性,指出在此类信道中进行多媒体信息传输的特殊困难.随后论述了文本信息传输所具有的抗噪声、抗起伏等优良性能,较能适应于水声信道的复杂性和多变性,但属于较高速率的文本信息传输,多途干扰仍然是文本信息正确检测的根本障碍.文中分析了频率跳变技术克服时域扩散较短的浅海多途的可行性和需解决的关键技术.海上获得的初步实验结果说明了文本信息传输所具有的优越性,值得今后继续深入的研究.     

拖曳声源深海脉冲多途效应及直达波传播特征

深海脉冲传播多途效应显著,直达波受海洋环境影响较大。基于南海某海域深水试验数据,采用Butterworth带通滤波器识别目标信号,进而分析近、中、远距离处VLA接收到的信号特征,并根据射线理论解释多途效应、直达波特征规律。结果表明:近距离目标信号可分为直达波及两次海底反射波;中距离可分为直达波与三次海底反射波;远距离目标信号弱,反射波特征不明显。其中,直达波声强显著低于第一次海底反射波,受夏季海面波导的影响,近表层深度处的直达波强度最大;50~200m深度层在强跃层控制下,声线向下弯曲,直达波信号随深度增加逐渐减弱;随传播距离增加,直达波逐渐减弱消失。     

矢量水听器阵列宽带相干信号方位估计研究

针对多径条件下相干声源方位估计问题,研究了矢量水听器阵列信号方位估计的 MUSIC 与 ESPRIT 方法,并通过空间重采样推广到宽带信号方位估计中。实船噪声的计算机仿真表明：6 元矢量水听器阵列可以分辨空间间隔不大于 15o 的 2 个目标,并可利用相干信号子空间方法解相干源,在声引信多目标分辨中有应用前景。     

海洋声信道R-ω平面"纹理"特征与形成机理

采用数值模拟给出水平均匀波导环境下的声场强度在R-ω平面上的"纹理"图案,根据相位及任2号简正波之间的水平相干距离[1]随频率的变化,分析了平面中存在的"分裂"和"孤立的干涉线"2种干涉"纹理"的形成机理.     

Performance analysis of digital acoustic communication in a shallowwater channel

The major obstacle to underwater acoustic communication is the interference of multi-path signals due to surface and bottom reflections. High speed acoustic transmission over a shallow water channel characterized by small grazing angles presents formidable difficulties. The reflection losses associated with such small angles are low, causing large amplitudes in multi-path signals. In this paper we propose a simple but effective model for multi-path interference, which is then used to assess the performance of a digital communication system operating in a shallow water channel. The results indicate that transmission rates in excess of 8 kbits/s are possible over a distance of 13 km and channel depth of only 20 meters. Such a system offers improved performance in applications such as data collection from underwater sensors     

利用线性调频脉冲进行帧同步的方法及性能

针对水声信道的特点,提出了一种利用具有大的时宽带宽积的线性调频信号作为帧同步信号的方法。该方法首先在接收端进行滑动时频分析,从而实现线性调频信号的检测及粗同步,再进一步利用拷贝相关处理来实现细同步。计算机仿真和海上试验结果均表明,该方法能够在多途干扰下有效地实现同步。     

时变水声信道中基于BEM的迭代信道估计技术

水声信道的多径时延扩展和时变特性对信道估计和均衡技术的研究带来了很大的挑战,同时也决定了水声信道是一种时频双扩展信道,提出一种水声OFDM通信系统中基于软信息的迭代信道估计技术,利用基于复指数基扩展模型(CE-BEM)进行信道估计。OFDM系统本身可以消除由于多径引起的符号间干扰(ISI)。基于导频的BEM信道估计,可以实现对时变信道的估计,结合基于软信息迭代的迭代均衡模块,将每次迭代生成的符号软判决信息作为辅助导频用于信道估计。同时,为了防止由于信道时变引起的信道子载波间干扰(ICI)对导频符号的影响,采用基于保护间隔的导频插入法插入导频。仿真结果显示基于BEM的软信息迭代信道估计性能较非迭代信道估计时明显提升。     

一种基于正交频分复用的高速水声通信技术的研究

OFDM(正交频分复用)是一种适合于在多径衰落和受限带宽信道中进行高速传输的技术。论文把OFDM技术应用于高速水声通信中,设计了一套基于OFDM的高速水声通信系统,阐述了OFDM水声通信系统中同步和信道估计的方法。海上试验证明了系统的有效性。     

Performance Enhancement of Multiuser Passive Time Reversal Communication Based on Space-Time Block Coding

Reliable,with high data rate,acoustic communication in time-varying,multipath shallow water environment is a hot research topic recently.Passive time reversal communication has shown promising results in improvement of the system performance.In multiuser environment,the system performance is significantly degraded due to the interference among different users.Passive time reversal can reduce such interference by minimizing the cross-correlated version of channel impulse response among users,which can be realized by the well-separated users in depth.But this method also has its shortcomings,even with the absence of relative motion,the minimization sometimes may be impossible because of the time-varying environment.Therefore in order to avoid the limitation of minimizing the cross-correlated channel function,an approach of passive time reversal based on space-time block coding (STBC) is presented in this paper.In addition,a single channel equalizer is used as a post processing technique to reduce the residual symbol interference.Experimental results at 13 kHz with 2 kHz bandwidth demonstrate that this method has better performance to decrease bit error rate and improve signal to noise ratio,compared with passive time reversal alone or passive time reversal combined with equalization.     

Adaptive detection for shallow-water acoustic telemetry withcochannel interference

Adaptive decision feedback equalization (DFE) has recently been used to enable high-rate data transmission through shallow-water acoustic channels. This adaptive receiver successfully tracks and suppresses intersymbol interference due to a dispersive multipath channel. However, acoustic modems which are used for network applications must also contend with interference due to cochannel signals from proximal modems. In this work, we propose and evaluate a multiuser receiver with cochannel interference suppression. The advantages of this multiuser receiver in the presence of strong cochannel interference are shown by a performance comparison to a bank of the single-user DFEs described above. Conclusions are supported in part by the demodulation of experimental data for two simultaneous cochannel signals and by a steady-state performance analysis     

Sea-bottom classification across a shallow-water bar channel and near-shore shelf, using single-beam acoustics

An acoustic ground discrimination system (QTC VIEW, Series IV) was used to identify and map the bottom acoustic diversity in the bar channel of Ria de Aveiro, Western Portugal. The majority of the survey area presented shallow depth for this type of equipment, ranging mainly from 5 to 15 m. Depth occasionally reached 25 m in specific areas located across the entrance channel, dug by the strong tidal currents, reaching 3 m/s. The acoustic data were submitted to manual and auto-cluster and the results obtained from both procedures were coherent. Using aids to the acoustic classification and ground-truth sediment data, a final solution consisting of four acoustic classes was reached. Their geographical distribution was coincident with the spatial distribution of the major bottom types and sediment groups (hard bottom, coarse sand, medium sand and fine sand), identified through multivariate analysis of the grain-size data, and reflected the complex hydrodynamics of the entrance channel. The acoustic pattern was coincident at the intersections of the acoustic survey lines, assuring the repeatability of the acoustic procedure. Overall, the acoustic approach showed consistent results for the assessment and mapping of the benthic habitats in this shallow-water coastal area, providing a very valuable tool in an area where conventional sediment sampling is less favourable, namely due to strong tidal currents and frequent ship traffic, such as the entrance channel of Ria de Aveiro and the near-shore adjacent shelf.     

Adaptive multiuser detection for underwater acoustical channels

An underwater acoustic local area network (ALAN) provides multipoint-to-point telemetry between many high-rate, ocean-bottom sensors and a central, surface-deployed receiver in the 10-30 kHz vertical acoustical channel. Ocean-bottom modems initiate the transmission process by requesting data channel time slots via a common narrow-band request channel. Request packets overlap in time and frequency in this channel, and the throughput and average transmission delay rely heavily on the successful resolution of the request packet collisions. This paper presents the design, analysis, and experimental demonstration of a request channel receiver capable of resolving collisions between several asynchronous and cochannel packets. The receiver algorithm differs from standard capture schemes (by demodulating the data from both strong and weak transmitters), conventional spread-spectrum receivers (by overcoming the near-far problem), and existing multiple-access demodulation techniques (by adapting to the number of interfering signals, and the unknown phase, Doppler, amplitude, and timing of each signal in the collision). The receiver demodulates the collided packets by decision-directed techniques through a novel method of estimating the interference for each user which minimizes error propagation due to inaccurate tentative decisions. An inwater experiment illustrates that this technique is extremely desirable for collision resolution in underwater acoustic local area networks, and also for underwater autonomous vehicles with both sidescan sonar as well as acoustic telemetry links     

MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communication in Shallow Water with Ice Cover

Although multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) underwater acoustic(UWA) communication has been intensively investigated in the past years, existing works mainly focus on open-water environment. There is no work reporting MIMO acoustic communication in under-ice environment. This paper presents results from a recent MIMO acoustic communication experiment which was conducted in Bohai Gulf during winter. In this experiment, high frequency MIMO signals centered at 10 kHz were transmitted from a two-element source array to a four-element vertical receiving array at 1 km range. According to the received signal of different array elements, MIMO acoustic communication in under-ice environment suffers less effect from co-channel interference compared with that in open-water environment. In this paper, time reversal followed by a single channel decision feedback equalizer is used to process the experimental data. It is demonstrated that this simple receiver is capable of realizing robust performance using fewer hydrophones(i.e. 2) without the explicit use of complex co-channel interference cancelation algorithms, such as parallel interference cancelation or serial interference cancelation.