基于小波自适应阈值去噪的MT信号处理方法

针对常用大地电磁(magnetotelluric,MT)信号小波阈值去噪中阈值函数和阈值选取的不足,选取一种新的阈值函数,并提出了基于小波变换多分辨Stein无偏风险估计,自适应的获得最优阈值的方法;给出了新函数和自适应阈值的确定方法;在与小波硬、软阈值去噪、小波模极大值法去噪结果对比的基础上,用仿真实验验证了方法的可行性;最后用内蒙某地实测的大地电磁数据进行了去噪效果的对比研究.结果表明:本文选取的新函数和自适应阈值的确定方法是正确、有效的,克服了常用小波硬、软阈值去噪的缺点;去噪后大地电磁信号变得平稳,估算的响应参数方差减小,曲线更为圆滑、连续,为后续的地质解释和评价提供了更为准确的信息.     

元谋地电场观测数据小波阈值去噪

为了解决元谋地电场观测数据的噪声干扰问题,采用小波阈值去噪的方法,根据元谋地电场观测数据特征,选取适当的阈值及不同的小波函数、分解层数进行研究。综合各小波函数去噪效果,通过对相对误差、均方根误差、信噪比等指标进行评价,确定适合元谋地电场观测数据去噪的阈值为软阈值函数、分层阈值;最优小波函数分别为Sym4、Sym5、db6和db8;分解层数分别为5、7、9。最后应用研究结果处理实际地电场观测数据,取得了较好的去噪效果。     

小波与曲波变换探地雷达数据去噪对比分析

探地雷达勘探工程目标及观测工程环境越加复杂给其精确的数据处理带来极大挑战,高效的探地雷达数据去噪算法是当前关注的重要研究领域.基于阈值去噪思想,小波变换和曲波变换去噪算法在探地雷达数据去噪应用中受到限制,有必要开展上述两种去噪算法适用性和实用性系统评价及改进.基于传统高阶相关统计阈值和块状复数域阈值函数,本文开展了小波变换及曲波变换去噪算法在合成含噪数据去噪效果对比分析;提出窗口高阶相关统计阈值小波变换去噪算法、探讨了块状复数域阈值函数取值变化对曲波变换去噪效果影响规律.通过对实测数据去噪分析,验证了窗口高阶相关统计阈值小波变换和估计块状复数域阈值函数曲波变换去噪算法的可行性及有效性.     

GHM类正交多小波变换及其在地震资料去噪中的应用

多小波是对小波理论的一个新发展,它可以同时满足正交性、对称性、短支撑等良好的特性要求。文中介绍了多小波基本理论、多小波变换具体过程及预处理方法,提出了基于GHM类多小波变换的地震资料软阈值去噪方法,通过对合成数据和实际资料进行处理分析,表明多小波变换在有效压制随机噪声的同时,能较好地保留原信号的特征信息,是一种行之有效的去噪方法     

密山地电场数据小波包去噪研究

选取2009年11月21日密山市知一镇地震发生当天密山地电场数据,采用小波包阈值去噪算法,对地电场数据进行去噪研究,还原地震发生后地电场数据变化信息,并结合去噪效果及误差分析结果,选出适合密山地电场数据去噪的最优小波函数。     

基于小波变换的大尺度岩体结构微震监测信号去噪方法研究

为将小波去噪方法应用于大尺度岩体结构微震监测信号的去噪研究,首先在MATLAB环境下进行仿真,验证了使用Symlet6小波进行小波去噪的可行性;利用4种自适应阈值规则对含噪信号进行去噪对比,结果表明4种阈值去噪后的信号在均方差较小的情况下都极大地提高了信号的信噪比,有效地去除了噪声,对不同的含噪信号,无偏似然原则阈值去...     

CEEMDAN和小波包方法在地震信号降噪中的应用

地震信号是典型的非平稳随机信号,容易受到场地条件和周边环境的影响,产生噪声干扰。采用自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）方法,对地震数据进行分析预处理,将地震信号分解成一系列具有不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数（IMF）;对各IMF分量进行自相关计算,筛选含噪IMF分量,使用软阈值小波包方法进行去噪处理,与无噪分量进行重构,从而降低噪声干扰,提高数据质量。     

地电场信号去噪小波函数的选取

介绍了小波函数的基本性质,并根据密山地电场数据的特征选取适合密山地电场数据去噪的的小波族函数,最后综合去噪结果和误差分析结果选出适合密山地电场数据去噪的最优小波函数和最佳分解层数。     

多小波方法及其在深地震测深数据去噪中的应用

在宽角反射/折射地震测深数据处理中,仍多用基于傅里叶变换的滤波方法和小波去噪方法。鉴于傅里叶方法对稳态信号很有效但对非稳态的地震信号效果不佳的状况以及小波不能同时具有正交性、紧支性、对称性,本文给出了基于多小波的去噪方法,多小波具有正交性、对称性、紧支性,克服了传统小波的缺陷。编写了多小波去噪方法的人机交互软件。该软件可以方便快捷地显示宽角反射/折射地震记录截面,进行多小波域的阈值去噪。实例计算结果表明,本文所述方法和编写的软件有效且可行。     

重构小波阈值函数在信号去噪中的应用与研究

实际工程应用中,通过物理手段采集到的信号都带有噪声信息,这样就会淹没很多有用信号,传统的“带通、低通、高通”滤波技术往往显得无能为力,因此提取有用的特征信息就需要对原始信号进行去噪。常用的小波阈值去噪（硬、软阈值函数）方法,含有诸多缺点,本文在其基础上重新构造了一个新的阈值函数。在MTALAB（2014a）环境下,用传统的硬、软阈值函数及重构阈值函数对混入高斯白噪声信号进行去噪仿真分析,结果表明,重构的阈值函数处理的信号效果更好,更清晰。      

Application of sub-image multiresolution analysis of Ground-penetrating radar data in a study of shallow structures

Fourier-based algorithms originally developed for the processing of seismic data are applied routinely in the Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data processing, but these conventional methods of data processing may result in an abundance of spurious harmonics without any geological meaning. We propose a new approach in this study based essentially on multiresolution wavelet analysis (MRA) for GPR noise suppression. The 2D GPR section is similar to an image in all aspects if we consider each data point of the GPR section to be an image pixel in general. This technique is an image analysis with sub-image decomposition. We start from the basic image decomposition procedure using conventional MRA approach and establish the filter bank accordingly. With reasonable knowledge of data and noise and the basic assumption of the target, it is possible to determine the components with high S/N ratio and eliminate noisy components. The MRA procedure is performed further for the components containing both signal and noise. We treated the selected component as an original image and applied the MRA procedure again to that single component with a mother wavelet of higher resolution. This recursive procedure with finer input allows us to extract features or noise events from GPR data more effectively than conventional process.To assess the performance of the MRA filtering method, we first test this method on a simple synthetic model and then on experimental data acquired from a control site using 400 MHz GPR system. A comparison of results from our method and from conventional filtering techniques demonstrates the effectiveness of the sub-image MRA method, particularly in removing ringing noise and scattering events. Field study was carried out in a trenched fault zone where a faulting structure was present at shallow depths ready for understanding the feasibility of improving the data S/N ratio by applying the sub-image multiresolution analysis. In contrast to the conventional methods, the MRA sub-image filtering technique provides an overall improvement in image quality of the data as shown in the field study.     

Total-variation improved split Bregman method for ground penetrating radar image restoration

In this paper, an improved data processing procedure is proposed for the purpose of ground penetrating radar (GPR) image restoration. The image processing method is achieved by combining the isotropic and anisotropic total-variation (TV) model of split Bregman, suppressing the staircasing effect and circumventing the edges blurred. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed approach can well recover edges and most of the details of a (GPR) image. Hence, the proposed method is efficient in (GPR) image restoration.     

工业CT图像亚体素表面检测算法研究

针对ICT图像序列,研究了基于Facet模型和基于矩的亚体素表面检测算法,并通过引入基于Otsu的阈值分割预处理环节,大大减少了待处理体素的数目,在很大程度上提高了原始算法的处理速度.最后在对航空发动机叶片仿真数据的实验中,对比了算法处理效果,结果表明两算法检测精度均可达1/5个像素以内,预处理环节的引入可将原始算法速度提高约4倍.     

金属矿井下环境对GPR测试的干扰因素分析

探地雷达技术（GPR）在地下金属矿中应用日益广泛,然而复杂的井下环境时常影响雷达的测试效果.鉴别、分析各种干扰因素,有利于消除和抑制环境噪音在雷达中产生测试伪信号.本文结合作者在地下金属矿中的测试经验,探讨了GPR在金属矿井下测试过程中遇到的几种常见的干扰因素,分析其在雷达图象中呈现基本特征,并提出相应的处理措施与方法.     

地质雷达在乌拉山山前断裂探测中的应用

地质雷达是利用电磁波对地下不同电性介质进行探测的地球物理仪器，其探测速率快、分辨率高，可弥补探槽和其他地球物理方法存在探测盲区的缺陷，正在越来越多地应用于活动断层探测领域。本文以乌拉山山前断裂为例开展地质雷达探测工作，使用无人机正射影像技术对测线进行地形校正，获得断层浅部地质雷达图像。研究结果表明，本文研究方法能有效反映探槽揭露的地层单元和断层分布。本次探测中，雷达波形图像特征为:浅地表的土壤层反射波总体较弱；粗粒沉积为主的砾石层反射波总体较强，同相轴连续性好；细粒沉积为主的砂层反射波弱于砾石层，波形以中、高频为主，同相轴具有弱连续性；对于洪冲积地区，地质雷达能分辨具有一定特征的地层单元，这为剖面图像的断层识别提供了标志；通过无人机正射影像技术对地质雷达测线进行地形校正，有利于获得更为准确的探测结果。     

A strategy for the determination of the dielectric permittivity of a lossy soil exploiting GPR surface measurements and a cooperative target

In this paper we deal with an indirect measure of the dielectric permittivity of the soil starting from GPR surface data collected on a buried “cooperative” target, meant as an object buried on purpose and whose extent is known a-priori. This target is exploited in order to achieve, from its image obtained from a suitable GPR data processing, an indirect measure of the dielectric permittivity of the embedding soil. GPR data processing is based on a linear microwave tomographic approach funded on the Born Approximation. Using this Born approach on two-dimensional inversion tests, we investigate the effect of the soil's electrical conductivity and permittivity on this indirect measure and demonstrate that the electrical field scattered by a spot-like buried object permits an accurate estimation of the soil permittivity even when no information of the soil conductivity is available.     

Photographing layer thicknesses and discontinuities in a marble quarry with 3D GPR visualisation

An important problem of marble-quarry management is assessing the quality and the homogeneity of quarry blocks before excavation. In this study, we decided to image the limestone, which we studied in a marble quarry, in terms of layer thickness, discontinuities and cavities using the ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) method. The method was successfully applied to detect and map the fractures with the cavities in a marble layer according to depth in the Ankara City Polatli Town (Turkey) region, which represents upper Miocene–Pliocene lacustrine carbonate rocks.This paper is based on interactive transparent 3D visualisation of the 2D GPR profiles to determine changes in layer thickness and discontinuities. In addition, this paper indicates the importance of the appropriate opacity-function construction to obtain transparent 3D visualisation. Firstly we acquired and processed parallel 2D GPR profile data, then we assigned two different amplitude–colour ranges using a limited number of colours to determine the layer thickness and its discontinuities separately. We obtained a 3D volume using parallel 2D GPR data and displayed a limited amplitude range by arranging an opacity function. Therefore, we obtained transparent 3D blocks for thickness and discontinuities, and we formulated an interactive 3D display to image the horizontal, vertical and inclined discontinuities and their directions in the x–y plane versus depth. The GPR results were compared with the petrographical investigation on the basis of textural and mineralogical compositions. The vesicular textures within carbonate platform were supported by the GPR results.     

提取非金属管GPR图像的非线性技术

Non-linear Technique for Abstracting the Non-metallic Pipeline Image from GPR Section     

探地雷达图像的正演合成与偏移处理

本文讨论了射线追踪法实现二维地电断面的探地雷达图像的正演合成问题,其中包括二维地电断面的数字拟合、多层连续界面介质中高频电磁波的反射与透射统一的运动学边界方程;根据Huygen's-Fresnel原理导出了均匀介质中二维管状体模型的衍射雷达波的计算公式;给出了用射线追踪法合成的二维地电模型的探地雷达图像;用衍射波公式合成了二维管状模型的雷达图像,并与物理模拟作了比较.在此基础上,用Kirchhoff积分法对数字模拟与物理模拟记录的雷达图像作了偏移处理,并给出了实例.     

探地雷达衰减补偿逆时偏移成像方法

探地雷达信号在地下介质中传播时易受到电导率所产生的衰减影响,从而使得传统偏移成像结果在高衰减区域变得模糊.本文提出了衰减补偿的逆时偏移方法来消除电导率的影响.该方法基于麦克斯韦方程组实现电磁波的正演模拟和逆时传播.通过改变衰减项的正负号,保证了逆时传播的时间对称性,从而能够重构出原始波场,实现衰减补偿.数值实验比较了传统逆时偏移方法和衰减补偿逆时偏移方法在存在高导异常区域情况下的成像效果,结果证明了衰减补偿逆时偏移方法能够很好地恢复由电导率造成的信号衰减,从而提高探地雷达剖面的分辨率.