中国硫矿床预测研究

通过对中国大量硫矿床地质工作的丰硕成果、大范围野外实地考查研究等实际资料的分析，进行了硫矿床的分类，同时考虑到地球发展演化中各地质时代（主要集中在晚太古代、中上元古代、震旦－寒武纪、泥盆－二叠纪及中新生代地层中）的成矿环境和构造控矿条件，在此基础上，对中国硫矿床在滨大平洋构造成矿域、古亚洲构造成矿域、特提斯－喜马拉雅构造成矿域中提出了２４个成矿带（区），圈定了７２个成矿预测区     

中国硫矿成矿作用对重大地质转折期的响应

通过对不同地质时期的硫矿成矿作用的综合对比分析研究,从古大陆成矿作用地球动力学角度入手,梳理了15个与硫矿有关的成矿系列,并将其与构造和超大陆旋回对应;并依据硫在表层储库和地质储库以不同形式相互转换的特点,前寒武纪和显生宙时期硫多金属矿床地形成环境和保存特点,揭示了地球不同演化阶段构造-岩浆事件与硫矿成矿作用的偶合关系。从硫矿成矿的角度反映了地球的节律具有突发性和旋回性或周期性,总的构成不同的发展阶段。     

浙江治岭头铅锌硫矿床成矿特征及成矿模式

通过矿区内脉状铅锌硫矿体及隐爆角砾岩铅硫矿体地质特征分析,阐明其成因特征,进而建立成矿模式,指明找矿方向。     

中国硫矿资源预测模型及资源潜力分析

硫是化学工业最重要的基本原料之一,主要用于生产化肥。我国硫矿资源工业开发利用的主要为硫铁矿和伴生硫。2007-2013年,中国地质调查局实施了全国化工矿产资源潜力评价项目,完成了全国硫矿成矿规律及预测研究,编制了相关图件,建设了数据库,取得了阶段性的成果。文章在以往研究和省级硫矿资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结了全国硫矿时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带和成矿类型,建立了典型矿床和预测工作区的预测模型,最后对全国硫矿资源潜力进行了分类评价汇总。结果表明,全国共有硫矿床、矿点、矿化点共1 437处,其中硫铁矿1 418处,自然硫矿19处。成矿时代跨度为太古宙晚期-新生代,以元古宙硫矿储量最大。全国共划分为46个Ⅲ级硫矿成矿区带和17个矿集区;划分了沉积变质型、沉积型（海相、煤系）、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、陆相火山岩型、自然硫型6种预测类型和17个矿床式;梳理了6种预测类型典型硫矿床的预测要素和预测模型。全国共划分沉积变质型硫铁矿预测工作区20个,沉积型硫铁矿58个,岩浆热液型68个,海相火山岩型12个,陆相火山岩型9个,自然硫矿5个。全国共圈定硫矿3级预测区274个,其中硫铁矿268个,自然硫矿6个。全国硫铁矿硫铁矿和自然硫资源总量分别为241.35亿t和5.67亿t,其中预测资源量分别为184.57亿t和2.32亿t。根据成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征、矿石选冶性能、资源量可靠程度,文中遴选出21个硫矿优先勘查区,预测自然硫资源量2 229.3万t(S),硫铁矿50.58亿t(矿石)。该区成矿地质条件好,找矿潜力大,有一定的工作基础,已知矿床深边部等近期可优先安排勘查工作的预测区,远景好时可作为整装勘查基地。     

江西城门山块状硫化物矿床地质特征及成因研究

本文论述了城门山块状硫化物型铜硫矿、矽卡岩型铜矿、斑岩型铜矿、斑岩型钼矿、铁帽型铁矿和铁帽型金矿的矿床地质持征、控矿因素、主要成矿物理化学条件及成矿作用。该矿床有海底喷气或热泉和岩浆热液两种成因,海西、燕山和表生三个成矿期。块状硫化物型铜硫矿属海底喷气或热泉沉积形成,而城门山多金属铜矿是复成因矿床。     

内蒙古东升庙铅锌硫矿床海底喷流沉积成矿作用地质地球化学特征

东升庙是华北地台北缘西段的一个特大型铅锌硫矿床。在对矿床区域成矿地质条件和矿床地质地球化学特征分析研究的基础上,提出海底喷流沉积成因观点,并初步探讨了矿床海底喷流沉积成矿作用机理。     

青海硫磺山自然硫矿田成矿物质来源与矿床成因探讨

<正> 硫磺山自然硫矿田位于祁连山中段,由九个矿区(布鲁斯、波罗沟、干沟、硫磺山四个大矿区及干沟西山、意外沟、无名沟、大洪沟、小洪沟等小矿区),大小135个矿体组成。前人对该矿田曾进行较多工作。一般认为,自然硫源于石膏转化来的硫化氢。矿床属于“与石膏有关的后生生物成因冷液交代矿床。”1983年以来,本人曾多次到该矿田调查,从区内成矿地质条件,结合硫同位素地质研究,对自然硫成矿物质来源与矿床成因提出不同认识。一、区域地质概况     

“镜铁山式”铁铜矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

探讨了镜铁山桦树沟矿区铁铜矿床成矿地质背景和成岩成矿的演化过程,阐述控制铁铜矿带在水平和垂向分带变化的地质特征。根据线性构造与火山喷发沉积关系,着重探讨“镜铁山式”铁铜矿床的成因机制,并运用δ３４Ｓ、δ１８Ｏ、δ１３Ｃ测试成果,确立含铁铜硅质岩建造,建立上铁下铜结构分带。认为该类型矿床是与海相火山作用有关的喷气沉积成因矿床,具有与块状硫化物矿床共生,组成铁－铜－硫矿床系列双层成矿结构模式     

安徽铜陵焦冲金-硫矿床S、Pb同位素组成 及其指示意义

安徽铜陵焦冲金硫矿床位于长江中下游铜陵矿集区内,矿（化）体主要赋存于二叠系下统栖霞组（P1q）中。在分析该矿床成矿地质条件的基础上,系统研究了矿石S、Pb同位素组成特征,探讨了矿床成矿物质来源。矿石硫化物的S同位素组成变化范围较窄,成矿热液δ34SΣS在4.0‰左右,反映其来源与岩浆硫密切相关。矿石Pb同位素组成变化范围较大,经同位素组成特征及特征参数法判断矿石Pb为异常Pb。通过Zartman铅构造坏境演化图解和Δγ-Δβ成因分类图解,确定矿床物质来源与岩浆作用密切相关,其源于上地壳物质与地幔的混合。通过成矿物质来源的研究,期望为铜陵地区寻找与花岗闪长斑岩有关的矿床提供帮助。     

锰矿床的形成机制及其找矿预测

文中讨论了锰矿床成矿物质来源、成矿时代、成矿地质背景和矿床成因类型,并提出了锰矿地质工作的程序.     

中国含镓矿床的主要成因类型

一、前言元素镓自1875年发现迄今,虽已有一百余年历史,但其大量应用却很晚。近代工业和科学技术的发展,在很多部门已找到了镓的新用途,特别是它被认为是继锗、硅之后最有发展前途的半导体材料,因而自六十年代后期以来,其年产量和消费量都正在逐年迅速增加。     

庐枞盆地龙桥铁矿床中菱铁矿的地质特征和成因意义

龙桥铁矿床是庐枞火山岩盆地中的一个大型的铁矿床,多年来对其矿床成因的认识存在较大的争论.文章在野外地质研究工作的基础上,通过对矿床中菱铁矿的岩矿分析鉴定和电子探针测试,确定了矿床纹层状矿石中的菱铁矿为沉积成因.通过对菱铁矿的产出特征分析,并结合龙桥铁矿床的部分地质地球化学研究成果,认为在该矿床形成过程中,早期沉积形成了纹层状的菱铁矿层,在燕山期的岩浆热事件中,部分沉积菱铁矿被交代形成了磁铁矿和具有残余骸晶结构等一系列矿石交代组构特征的矿物.纹层状矿石既具有沉积特征,也具有热液改造特征,证实了矿床的形成存在早期(三叠纪)的沉积成矿(菱铁矿)作用和晚期(燕山期)的热液成矿(磁铁矿)作用.菱铁矿的研究为进一步确定龙桥铁矿床的成因提供了新的佐证.     

Genesis of nickel laterites and bauxites in greece during the jurassic and cretaceous, and their relation to ultrabasic parent rocks

Nickel laterites and bauxites, including their proposed parent rocks from the Mesozoic of Greece, have been investigated by means of mineralogical and geochemical methods. The results are discussed in order to recognize the genetic sequence which comprises: pre-lateritic alteration and reworking of ophiolites and associated rocks, lateritic in-situ weathering, reworking and redeposition of the alteration products in an epicontinental transition environment, and post-depositional events affecting the mineralogical and geochemical properties.The ultramafic massifs of the Euboea and Locris area, i.e. the parent rocks of the Ni---Fe deposits, are primarily harzburgites which represent the erosional outliers of a probable “complete” ophiolitic nappe that were transformed to a monomineralic lizarditite. Xenoliths of basic and sedimentary rocks are included in the serpentine matrix of the basal tectonic melange. Lateritic Ni---Fe deposits resting as in-situ alterites on ophiolites or as mechanically reworked laterite detritus, either on serpentinite or karstified limestone, are mainly derived from serpentinites. The ore deposits in the Locris area have been affected by a strong supergene epigenetic overprint, mainly resulting in a downward Ni redistribution and enrichment. A continuous transition from karstic Ni---Fe deposits towards bauxitic material in a southern direction is interpreted as sedimentary admixture of weathering products of different origin.The three bauxite horizons B₁, B₂ and B₃ and their satellite horizons are intercalated in epicontinental shallow-water limestones within an Upper Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous sequence. A karstic surface (unconformity) forms the substratum of these bauxite horizons.Similar to nickel laterites on karst, the detrital parent material was transported from a terrestrial hinterland by widely ramified river systems into a brackish lagoonal or marine environment from a northeastern to southwestern direction. Colloidal matter, fine muds and coarse material were deposited on a karst topography in mechanical traps by successive debris flows during cycles of emersion and marine regressions.Diagenesis resulted in (a) leaching of silica and iron under partly reducing conditions, and (b) recrystallization of iron minerals and neoformation of Al minerals, i.e. boehmite and/or diaspore. During tectonic subsidence and early marine transgression a strong supergene-epigenetic downward mobilization of Fe, Mn and associated elements took place. They were reprecipitated near the footwall in chemical traps.Bauxites of all horizons originate from serpentinites as well as from metamorphic and magmatic rocks. This is indicated by a high content of siderophile elements and lithic components. The sequences of regression and transgression and their erosional, sedimentary and geochemical processes are interpreted as cyclic events.     

Characterization of bauxite deposits from Kachchh Area,Gujarat

The bauxites deposits of Kachchh area in Gujarat are investigated to characterize them based on mineralogical and petrographic studies. The major bauxitic mineral in these occurrences is gibbsite, with minor concentration of boehmite and diaspore. Apart from the bauxitic minerals, the other associate minerals are kaolin, calcite, alunite and the iron ore minerals such as hematite and goethite and titanium rich anatase. The iron ore minerals (hematite and goethite) are 10-50microns in size and are disseminated throughout the oolitic and pisolitic bauxitic minerals. At places the goethite exhibits colloform texture. The preservation of basaltic texture in some of the samples indicate that the insitu nature of these bauxites, which are formed by the alteration of calcic plagioclase from the parent basalt. Although, the basalt occurs as the main parent rock for these bauxites, the presence of calcite in some of the samples represent the possibility of having a limestone parent rock at least in some of the bauxite occurrences.     

湖南沃溪钨-锑-金建造矿床同生成因的微量元素和硫同位素证据

对岩矿石和矿物的微量元素、稀土元素和硫同位素地球化学的研究表明,湖南沃溪钨-锑-金建造矿床系海底同生热水沉积作用的产物。矿石与围岩中微量元素和稀土元素含量的变化关系,反映了一种复杂的热液、海水以及陆源碎屑的联合影响。矿石及其中矿物(石英)的稀土元素配分模式可与许多沉积喷流型(sedex型)块状硫化物矿石及其共生的喷流岩相对比,暗示了两者具有相似的形成机理。矿石的硫同位素资料显示,生物成因硫与热液成因硫(下伏沉积柱中硫化物的溶解和/或部分海水硫酸盐的还原)共同参与了成矿作用过程。     

Mineralogy,geochemistry and origin of Mn in the high-Mn iron ores,Bahariya Oasis,Egypt

Although Mn is one of the major impurities in the economic iron ores from the Bahariya Oasis, information on its modes of occurrence and origin is lacking in previous studies. High-Mn iron ores from El Gedida and Ghorabi–Nasser iron mines were subjected to detailed mineralogical, geochemical, and petrographic investigations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectrometry (IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) to clarify the modes of occurrence of Mn in these deposits and its origin. The results showed that the MnO₂ contents range between 0.03 and 13.9 wt.%. Three mineralogical types have been identified for the Mn in the high-Mn iron ores, including: (1) inclusions within the hematite and goethite and/or Mn accumulated on their active surfaces, (2) coarse-grained and crystalline pyrolusite, and (3) fine-grained cement-like Mn oxide and hydroxide minerals (bixbyite, cryptomelane, aurorite, romanechite, manjiroite, and pyrochroite) between the Fe-bearing minerals. The Mn carbonate mineral (rhodochrosite) was detected only in the Ghorabi–Nasser high-Mn iron ores. Since IR patterns of low-Mn and high-Mn samples are almost the same, a combination of XRD analysis using non-filtered Fe-Kα radiations and Raman spectroscopy could be the best way to identify and distinguish between different Mn minerals.Assuming that both Fe and Mn were derived from the same source, the occurrence of high-Mn iron ores at the base of the stratigraphic section of the deposits overlain by the low-Mn iron ores indicated a supergene origin of the studied ores by descending solutions. The predominance of Mn oxide and hydroxide minerals in botryoidal shapes supports this interpretation. The small grain size of Mn-bearing minerals as well as the features of microbial fossils such as spherical, elliptical, and filamentous shapes of the Fe-bearing minerals suggested a microbial origin of studied iron ores.Variations in the distribution and mineralogy types of Mn in the iron ores of the Bahariya Oasis demanded detailed mineralogical and petrographic characterizations of the deposits before the beneficiation of high-Mn iron ores from the Bahariya Oasis as feedstock for the ironmaking industries in Egypt by magnetizing reduction. High Mn contents, especially in the Ghorabi–Nasser iron ore and occurrence of Mn as inclusions and/or accumulated on the surface of the Fe-bearing minerals would suggest a possible utilization of the high-Mn iron ores to produce ferromanganese alloys.     

Geochemistry of the Pegmatitic Rocks and Minerals in the Kenticha Belt, Southern Ethiopia: Implication to Geological Setting

Trace element distribution patterns are reported for whole rocks (granites, aplites, greisens, pegmatites, alaskites) and minerals from the Kenticha pegmatite field. The data shed light on the evolution, regional and local zonal pattern of the granitepegmatites and associated mineralization in the Kenticha belt. The complex mineralization of commercial concentrations of Ta, Nb, Hf, Zr, REE, U and Th is related to Be, Li, Cs, Rbbearing zones of pegmatites and is structurally controlled. Whole rock chemical signatures of the suite of felsic rocks of the Kenticha belt are predominantly similar to those generated by subduction in modern magmatic arcs and indicate a mantle derivation. Columbotantalite concentrates extracted from the pegmatitic ores represent the basic raw materials from which a number of possible byproducts can be recovered.     

河南伊川石佛寺铝土矿地质特征及控矿因素

河南伊川石佛寺铝土矿是近年在豫西地区龙门-巩义铝土矿成矿带新发现的中型铝土矿床之一.矿床含矿岩系为上石炭统本溪组中下部,铝土矿呈层状产于寒武系崮山组碳酸盐岩古风化剥蚀面,与上覆太原组整合接触.矿床赋存的本溪组从下而上分别由含铁黏土岩和铝土矿层组成.铝土矿体直接顶板为一1煤,厚约0.80～1.60 m;直接底板为高铁铝质...     

Chloriniferous minerals and certain problems in genesis of metasomatic magnetite ore deposits in Mul'ga-Burluk and Krasnokamenka groups,Eastern Sayan

Accumulations of magnetite ores in contacts of compositionally and chronologically different intrusions, with their different sedimentary host rocks and anomalously high chlorine content of certain minerals associated with the ores, suggest the possibility of a common source of iron in the magnetites and a common source of chlorine in the minerals, with allowances for a degree of assimilation of Fe and Cl from the hosts. The ferruginous Kuvay series at the base of the section may have functioned as the source of iron for the magnetite deposits. Chlorine, an important carrier of iron, under the given conditions may have been borrowed by the magmatic solutions from the saline rocks in the depths. —V.P. Sokoloff.