测绘仪器信息化管理方法

测绘仪器是进行测绘生产和科研的重要基础。仪器使用频繁、损坏率高是测绘生产单位最主要的特点,所以对仪器的管理和维护特别重要。针对当前测绘单位测绘仪器管理存在的问题,本文提出了测绘仪器实行信息化管理模式,并设计研发了测绘仪器信息管理系统用来辅助管理测绘仪器。实践表明该管理方法能够高效管理测绘仪器,大大提高了仪器的使用效率和仪器维护效率,实现了测绘仪器的信息化、数字化管理,提升测绘仪器管理水平。     

基于模块化的测绘仪器设计探讨

现代测绘技术在很大程度上依赖于先进的测绘仪器。但就目前而言,国内测绘仪器与世界先进水平仍有一定差距,通用性和交互性差,且同质化严重。本文提出一种测绘仪器模块化设计概念,通过功能模块、连接模块和处理模块三个模块设计,实现仪器接口标准化、数据传输多元化、服务多样化,使得测量操作更加灵活高效,降低生产和维修成本。模块化设计思想是对测绘仪器未来发展方向的探讨,旨在抛砖引玉为我国测绘仪器的发展提供一种思路。     

测绘仪器与技术的发展趋势

对测绘仪器与技术的发展关系和传统光学仪器与技术向现代光学仪器、电子测量仪器和技术的发展趋势进行了研究,并认为人类最终将以“数字地球”为中心对测绘仪器与技术进行改革。     

测绘仪器精度的表示与检定

衡量测绘仪器品质高低的指标为测绘仪器的准确度或精度。本文针对相关测绘文献中混用准确度和精度的问题,论述了正确表述测绘仪器精度的方法。鉴于目前有关测绘文献部分名词表述不符合国家标准的情况,建议测绘行业主管部门制定统一标准,以利于测绘行业与其他学科的交流。文中还介绍了国际标准ISO 17123所建议的测绘仪器精度检定方法。     

大比例尺地形图测绘中容易疏忽的几个问题

大比例尺地形图测绘广泛应用于各种工程的规划、设计、施工中。随着科技的发展,工程测量技术服务于各类工程建设的始终,现代测绘仪器、设备的不断进步,服务于各个从事测量专业单位的测绘工作者(特别是基层测绘者)要及时掌握并能熟练运用现代测绘技术手段,才能更好地服务于现代化建设的需求。     

测绘仪器发展的回顾与展望

测绘仪器是测量之本,伴随着测绘科学的发展,测绘仪器从早期的测绳、罗盘仪、游标经纬仪发展到目前的电子经伟仪、数字水准仪、全站仪、GPS以及各种电子专用仪器。大大推动了测绘工作向自动化、数字化、智能化方向发展。对测绘仪器的发展进行回顾与展望。     

陕西省测绘学会成立测绘仪器技术服务中心

陕西省测绘学会咨询工作委员会于九月份成立了一个测绘仪器技术服务中心，地址在西安西影路18号有色冶金勘察公司内。服务公司的服务项目有：陕西省测绘学会咨询工作委员会于九月份成立了一个测绘仪器技术服务中心，地址在西安西影路18号有色冶金勘察公司内。服务公司的服务项目有：1．检验与维修各种测绘仪器、航测仪器、电磁波测距仪、照相机及计时仪器等；2．代销国内各测绘仪器厂的产品；3．为各单位检定进口测绘仪器并代办索赔业务；4．承办有关测绘仪器的各种咨询业务。     

测绘仪器的发展现状和发展趋势

测量学是一门在人类实践中诞生的学科 ,它的发展离不开测绘仪器 ,测量学的发展进程也是测绘仪器的创造、变革的历程 ,测绘仪器的发展可分为机械仪器、光学仪器、电子仪器等 ,现阶段测绘仪器正处在机械仪器、光学仪器时代向电子仪器时代过度的阶段 ,本文就测绘仪器的发展、现状、和趋势谈几点个人的看法     

全国电磁波测距仪、全站式电子速测仪学术研讨会在我院召开

中国测绘学会测绘仪器专业委员会于1990年10月5日至10日在我院召开了电磁波测距仪及全站式电子速测仪学术研讨会。同时,会议还对几十年来国内外生产的各种测距仪器进行了回顾展。参加这次学术研讨会的有全国部分高等院校、研究院(所)、测绘生产单位和测绘仪器制造厂家等45个单位,计80多位测绘仪器专家、学者和测绘科技工作者。威特公司、尼     

高等农林院校测量学课程教学改革探讨

随着测绘技术迅速发展和测绘仪器的巨大变革,传统测绘技术正在为现代测绘技术所取代,农林院校传统的测量学课程教学已不能适应现代农林生产的需要。在分析目前农林院校测量学课程教学中存在问题的基础上,对如何合理、切实可行地进行测量学课程的教学改革,从课程教学内容,教学手段,实践教学和师资队伍建设等方面提出改进措施。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。