日本2008年度各部门地震调查研究主要项目及其政府预算概算

地震调查研究推动本部根据1998年1月9日推动本部决定和2006年2月17日修订后的《地震调查研究推进本部预算等事务调整意见》,就2008年度的地震调查研究预算概算要求,听取有关行政机关、独立行政法人、国立大学法人的意见,对2008年度地震调查研究预算作了调整,结果如下并于2007年8月31日公布。日本地震调查研究推动本部制定2008年度地震调查研究项目预算时,遵循和采取了以下方针和措施。(1)推动地震调查观测:推动基础调查观测(设置、维持与更新观测仪器),推动重点调查观测。(2)进一步提高地震发生可能性的长期评价、强震动预测等(概观全国地震…     

日本地震调查研究推进总部的活动情况

前言根据由议员立法制定的地震防灾对策特别措施法 (以下简称“地震法”)规定 ,1 995年 7月 ,日本在总理府正式设置了地震调查研究推进总部 (以下简称“推进总部”)。随着省厅的机构调整 ,从 2 0 0 1年 1月起 ,该总部将设在文部科学省 ,总部长为文部科学大臣。总部的任务也由文部科学省统一安排。根据地震法 ,推进总部的任务有 5项 :1对如何进一步推进地震的观测、测量、调查及研究提出综合性的、基础性的实施方案 ;2调整相关行政机构的有关地震的调查研究预算等事务 ;3制定有关地震的综合调查观测计划 ;4对相关行政机构、大学等的调查结果…     

日本准备修改“与地震有关的综合性调查观测计划”

正目前,日本地震调查研究推进本部政策委员会调查观测计划部(部长:京都大学大学研究院理学研究系教授平原和郎)正在对"与地震有关的综合性调查观测计划"进行修改讨论。本文将对目前的调查观测计划的内容和修改讨论的情况等作一介绍。1引言日本地震调查研究推进本部(以下简称地震本部)以阪神·淡路大地震为契机,根据地震防灾对策特别措施法,确立了政府领导的旨在推进地震调查研究的目标。该法规     

日本2006年度地震调查研究项目简介

日本地震调查研究推进本部于2005年8月30日召开第22次本部会议,汇总文部科学省、经济产业省、国土交通省等有关部门的2006年度地震调查研究预算,概算要求总额达131亿日元(不包括独立行政法人等运作经费),比2005年度预算额增加41%。在此之前,地震调查研究本部政策委员会的预算小     

日本地震调查研究体制的改革

随着日本中央省厅的改革 ,地震调查研究体制也进行了调整。改革前的地震调查研究推进总部以阪神·淡路大震灾为契机 ,以进一步完善推进地震调查研究的体制为目的 ,1995年日本制定了地震防灾对策特别措施法。同年 7月 ,根据该项法律 ,在总理府设置了以科学技术厅长官为总部部长的地震调查推进总部。该部有关地震的调查研究内容为 :1起草综合性的、基本的政策措施 ;2调整有关行政机构的预算等事宜 ;3制定综合性的调查观测计划 ;4收集、整理和分析有关行政机构及大学等的调查结果 ,并在此基础上作出综合性的评估 ;5公布评估结果。地震调查研究…     

日本防灾科学技术研究所机构变更

日本防灾科学技术研究所机构变更１９９６年５月１１日，日本防灾科学技术研究所的“地震预报研究中心”更名为“地震调查研究中心”。这是以１９９５年兵库县南部地震为契机制定的“地震防灾对策特别措施法”出台后，日本“地震调查研究推进本部”启动以来的相关举措。这...     

2014年日本地震调查研究事业的政府预算概算申请

目前,日本地震调查研究推进本部正在根据地震防灾对策特别措施法,对相关行政机关的地震调查研究预算等事项进行调整.这次,提出了2014年度地震调查研究事业的政府预算概算申请,这里将介绍此次预算概要（2013年8月28日地震调查研究推进本部调研）.2014年度概要预算申请额：政府全部为180亿日元,是上年度（2013年为125亿日元）的144％（不包括对部分独立行政法人的运营费支付金）.     

日本修改《关于推进新的地震调查研究的意见——关于推进与地震有关的观测、测量、调查及研究的综合性基本措施》

《关于推进新的地震调查研究的意见——关于推进与地震有关的观测、测量、调查及研究的综合性基本措施》(2009年4月制定)这一条例,是政府工作的纲领性文件.东日本大地震(东北地方太平洋近海地震)发生以后,日本地震调查研究推进本部对其进行了修改.经第31次中央防灾会议讨论,2012年9月6日正式通过修改意见,现将修改情况简介如下.     

日本2002年度地震调查研究政府预算概算总额107.7亿日元

日本地震调查研究推进总部 (总部长 :文部科学大臣远山敦子 )于 2 0 0 1年 8月 2 8日召开总部大会 ,确定 2 0 0 2年度地震调查研究政府预算 ,概算总额是 1 0 7.7亿日元。在此之前 ,总部的政策委员会预算小委员会从 2 0 0 1年 4月起广泛听取有关行政部门的概算要求构想 ,在进行调查后 ,各省又据此作出概算。独立行政法人的运营费交付金有关事项 ,未在总额之内。2 0 0 2年地震调查研究政府预算概算总额为 2 0 0 1年度总额的 86.7%。在这次会议上 ,政策委员会代理委员长原幸男根据调查观测等进展情况对推进总部1 997年 8月制定的“地震基础调…     

2011年度日本地震调查研究主要项目与经费概算

日本地震调查研究推进本部基于地震防灾对策特别措施法,对有关行政机关2011年度地震调查研究项目与预算等进行了汇总和调整。2010年8月31日地震调查研究推进本部公布了2011年度日本地震调查研究的主要项目与经费概算。     

Ra in the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara

Water column distributions of²²⁶Ra were determined at stations in the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea as part of the 1988 Joint U.S.—Turkish Black Sea Expedition. Black Sea surface water²²⁶Ra concentrations were a factor of three to four lower than measurements made 20 years earlier. The most likely cause is increased removal of²²⁶Ra and Ba [35] due to increased surface biological activity; a secondary effect is decreased fluvial discharge and related dimunition of inputs by desorption from fluvial suspended sediments. The amount of²²⁶Ra missing from the surface waters of the Black Sea over this period is accounted for in the high-porosity surficial “fluff” sediment layer.

Throughout the Black Sea, depth profiles of²²⁶Ra exhibited pronounced maxima of approximately 25 dpm/100 L at aboutσ_θ = 16.2–16.3, in the vicinity of a bacterial maximum, but slightly shallower than the total dissolved Mn and Fe maxima (σ_θ = 16.4–16.5) reported by Lewis and Landing [38]. While the²²⁶Ra maximum may, in part, be linked to the cycling of Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides near theO₂H₂S interface, its distribution appears to be more plausibly explained as a result of the microbial breakdown of particulate organic matter and the subsequent release and partial dissolution of associated barite in this region.

A simple steady-state two-☐ model has been used to obtain a semiquantitative understanding of the behavior of²²⁶Ra in the Black Sea. By incorporating reasonable estimates for the input and removal of²²⁶Ra in the Black Sea, an excellent agreement between predicted and observed (1988)²²⁶Ra concentrations was achieved. The model suggests that the dominant variables controlling the distribution of²²⁶Ra in the Black Sea are riverine input and cycling with Ba.     

Ra in the Japan Sea and the residence time of the Japan Sea water

The surface water of the Japan Sea contained²²⁶Ra of70 ± 4dpm m⁻³ which was nearly equal to that of the surface water in the North Pacific. The concentration of²²⁶Ra in the Japan Sea deep water below 500 m was151 ± 8dpm m⁻³, showing a vertically and regionally small variation. This concentration of²²⁶Ra in the deep water is unexpectedly high, because the Japan Sea deep water has a higher Δ¹⁴ C value by about 50‰ than the Atlantic deep water containing the same²²⁶Ra. One of the causes to be considered is larger contribution of²²⁶Ra from biogenic particles dissolving in the Japan Sea deep water, but the Japan Sea is not so fertile in comparison to the Bering Sea. The other more plausible cause is the internal ventilation of the Japan Sea water, which means that the residence time of the Japan Sea Proper water is considerably long although the water is vertically mixed fairly well especially in winter. The ventilation may supply some amounts of radiocarbon and oxygen but does not change the inventory of²²⁶Ra. The residence times of the Japan Sea deep water and of water within the Japan Sea are calculated by solving simultaneous equations for²²⁶Ra and¹⁴C with a three-box model to be 300–400 years and 700–1000 years, respectively.     

The Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea and the New-Euxinian basin of the Black Sea

The Late Pleistocene history of the Caspian and Black seas is considered. It is suggested that the New-Euxinian basin was to a great degree due to the penetration of the Caspian water through the Manych depression into the Black Sea during the Caspian-Early Khvalynian transgression.     

Latitudinal distribution of iodine in sediments in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea

Iodine is a trace element playing an important role in vital activities of organisms. It is im-portant for human bodys thyroid gland. Deficient or excessive iodine will not only influence hu-man health but also cause feeblemindedness, so great attention h…     

Short and medium term dynamics of the carbon exchange between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea

A detailed analysis of the short and medium term dynamics of the carbon exchange between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea is presented. To quantify the carbon fluxes distinguishing the Baltic and North Sea water masses, the salinity-based End Members (EM) method was successfully applied. The results of 0.63±0.25×10¹² mol C year⁻¹ identify the Baltic Sea as a net source of carbon for the North Sea. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was found to contribute significantly (22%) to the bulk of exported carbon. The levels determined suggest the hydrology-dependence of the carbon fluxes in the Danish Straits, which stimulates the high variability of carbon fluxes at both interseasonal and interannual scales.     

A climatological data set of temperature and salinity for the Baltic Sea and the North Sea

Ocean Dynamics - A climatological monthly mean data set for temperature and salinity in the area of the North Sea and Baltic Sea is presented. More than 3.1 million temperature observations (2.9...     

MODIS水色产品在黄东海域的真实性检验

水色产品的真实性检验无论对于算法的改进还是后续应用的可靠性保障来说都是十分重要的.中国近海是世界上最为浑浊的海域之一,NASA标准MODIS水色产品在该海域的精度十分有限.然而,局限于高质量海上实测数据的获取,相关的检验工作并未得到有效开展.利用2003年春季和秋季黄东海航次的实测数据对MODISAqua标准水色产品中的归一化离水辐亮度LWN(λ)(转换成遥感反射率Rrs(λ))和叶绿素a浓度(Chl.a)进行了真实性检验分析.采用3×3像元和±3h作为时空匹配窗口,并根据空间均匀性判识准则进行了数据剔除.基于验证数据(中低混浊水体)的分析,得到初步结论:(1)MODIS的Rrs(λ)反演结果具有一定精度,但是不能满足10%的误差期盼,且412nm波段的结果明显较差.反演值与实测值之间具有良好线性相关关系,对于所有6个波段,均方根偏差约为0.0030sr-1,相对偏差绝对值的中值约为25%.MODIS反演的Rrs(λ)与实测光谱的形状基本相似,数值多数偏低,特别是在高值区,另外,412和667nm波段在低值区大多数偏低,甚至出现负值,主要是大气修正过程中近红外波段离水辐射和气溶胶类型不适当造成的.(2)MODIS的Chl.a精度很差.反演值整体偏高,且与实测值之间不具有明显的线性相关关系,两者的均方根偏差约为1.56 mg/m3,相对偏差绝对值的中值约为103.25%,主要是OC3M模型(系数)的不适用性造成的.     

Vertical motions of tide gauge stations near the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

A modified Gauss-Markov model with weighted constraints was constructed by combining satellite altimeter and tide gauge records. Vertical motion rates of nine tide gauge stations around the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea are estimated. This is the first time systematic estimates have been derived in this region. Downward trends were seen at the six tide gauge stations located at Tanggu, Longkou, Laohutan, Bayuquan, Xiaochangshan, and Yantai; with vertical motion rates of-1.82±0.50,-1.65±0.46,-0.88±0.42,-0.58±0.62,-0.13±0.43, and-0.01±0.43 mm/yr, respectively. Upward trends were seen at the three tide gauge stations located at Qinhuangdao, Huludao and Chengshantou; with vertical motion rates of 1.12±0.46, 0.55±0.49 and 0.26±0.44 mm/yr, respectively. There was significant subsidence in Tanggu and Longkou, and a rising trend in Qinhuangdao. According to our results, the rate of sea level rise calculated from these tide gauge records can be improved using a more accurate measurement of the land elevation accounting for lifting or subsidence. The model derived can be used to estimate vertical motions of tide gauge stations, and can be widely applied to revise the benchmark levels of tide gauges.     

Effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coast of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,and East China Sea

A two-dimensional coupled tide-surge model was used to investigate the effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surges along the coast of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. In order to estimate the impacts of tide-surge interactions on storm surge elevations, Typhoon 7203 was assumed to arrive at 12 different times, with all other conditions remaining constant. This allowed simulation of tide and total water levels for 12 separate cases. Numerical simulation results for Yingkou, Huludao, Shijiusuo, and Lianyungang tidal stations were analyzed. Model results showed wide variations in storm surge elevations across the 12 cases. The largest difference between 12 extreme storm surge elevation values was of up to 58 cm and occurred at Yingkou tidal station. The results indicate that the effects of tide-surge interactions on storm surge elevations are very significant. It is therefore essential that these are taken into account when predicting storm surge elevations.