义敦岛弧段铜矿床地面波谱的TM 析及其应用效果

义敦岛弧南段铜矿床地面反射波谱的ρ值与TM图象亮度存有显著的线性相关关系。在对典型铜矿床的野外波谱实测基础上,经与TM遥感数据进行相关分析,建立了典型铜矿地面波谱反射率与TM图象最佳波段数据的相关模型和矿床的波谱识别模型,将TM图象反演成与矿床地面波谱有关的地空相关图象,并据其进行了计算机图象的铜矿床波谱识别。其应用效果表明,铜矿床地面波谱的TM分析方法在义敦岛弧南段的成矿预测及靶区定位中有较理想的效果,是区内铜矿化信息提取值得借鉴的方法。     

应用微计算机处理卫星遥感数据

介绍了在微计算机上建立图象处理工作站,进行陆地卫星多光谱数据数字图象处理的原理、方法和技术。开发了磁带格式转换、图象显示、图象组合、边缘增强、图象变换等应用软件。     

TM数据地空相关性研究及在金矿预测中的应用

哀牢山是重要的金矿成矿带。区内金矿床成因类型复杂,金的成矿作用和其地面波谱特征在整个三江地区都具诸多代表性。星载TM遥感数据不仅与地面反射,而且还与季相、光照条件、大气传输特性及传感器性能诸因素有关。在合理的大气物理假设前提下,经遥感方程的推导,证明区内遥感传感器在各波段接收的总反射亮度(R_(ij))与地物的反射亮度(W_(ij))呈线性相关。依据该线性相关关系确立的地空多波谱相关数学模式,建立了区内典型金矿床地面波谱与TM图像最佳波段的9个地空相关模型;在哀牢山地区典型金矿地面波谱数据的采集、研究基础上,建立了函盖区内已知金矿类型的双峰式、双谷式     

应用陆地卫星数字图象进行水文地理分类和提取水信息的试验

陆地卫星数字图象各波段每个象元的亮度值,记录了地面57×79平米范围的平均反射率,是本波段单色波反射的积分。数字图象为图象的数学运算奠定了基础。由此,我们能够逐点对图象进行几何变换、物理变换和数学处理,改变图象的外观结构;或者按某种有效的准则对图象信息分类,以及从图象中提取目标     

基于实测波谱标识的Hyperion数据岩性识别方法

以中甸普朗典型斑岩铜矿区和松诺典型矿点的2种主要含矿岩性为实验研究对象,将特征岩性实测波谱数据转换为Hyperion影像像元数据,并利用MNF变换对高光谱数据进行降噪和降维,以第一个MNF变换主成分作为分析数据,以所构建像元的亮度值为参考分割点,通过密度分割,进行岩性识别,并通过与已有的地质资料的对比分析和野外调查,验证结果的精度。实验结果证明,在影像处理过程中有机地融入地面实测波谱,可较有效地识别中甸地区与矿相关的石英二长斑岩和石英闪长玢岩。     

IRSA—2遥感图象分析处理系统

KRSA—2系统是我所图象处理研究室于1982.1～1984.11自行研制的遥感图象处理系统。 该系统以ECLIPSE S140计算机为主机,通过接口(硬件和软件)与COMTAL图象显示设备联结,并纳入AOS操作系统,发展了各种图象处理应用程序,建立了数字图象分管系统,该系统便于使用、功能齐全,效率较高,是具有我国特点的遥感图象处理系统。     

典型地物波谱知识库建库与波谱服务的若干问题

地物波谱知识库的建立旨在满足应用需求。为达到数据的共享,波谱知识库应对遥感实验测量的波谱数据和相关信息如观测规范、实验环境有清楚的说明,即要有完备的元数据让用户知道波谱知识库中是什么样的数据。为弥补地面测量数据与用户需要数据的时间空间尺度差异,用于外延观测数据的遥感物理模型必不可少;这要求收集分析遥感物理模型,评价其适用条件并创建模型元数据,使用户了解在其工作条件下有何适用的模型,模型的依据是什么;同时波谱库使用遥感物理解析模型和计算机模拟模型完成植被参数的时间扩展和沿叶片-冠层-像元 3个层次的观测尺度空间扩展,从而产生像元尺度可见光到热红外波段的参考波谱。为实现因特网上的波谱知识共享,需要研究如何组织波谱数据和模型,让用户方便地远程检索实测的典型地物波谱数据,并可以实时获取由遥感物理模型外延的波谱数据。从上述 3个方面归纳了波谱库建设和服务需要解决的 6个问题。     

应用TS2605H微机数字图象处理系统于航空物探数据处理的试验研究

本文论述了在微型计算机图象处理系统上进行航空物探数据的数字图象处理方法与实距,介绍了TS2605H微机数字图象系统的功能开发,使之适应面向数据成象处理需要的问题;还介绍了LU85-Ⅲ区航空物探(电/磁)数据的成象处理过程及其地质效果,该系统在地学信息数字图象处理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

蒙阴金伯利岩地面TM波谱研究及其在金刚石找矿预测中的应用

基于地物波谱与ＴＭ图像亮度的线性相关关系,文章对蒙阴金伯利岩地面ＴＭ波谱特征进行了分析,建立了典型金伯利岩地面波谱模式和地空相关模型。经金伯利岩地面ＴＭ波谱地空反演后形成的彩色相关图像识别及图像异常的野外查证表明,金伯利岩地面波谱与ＴＭ图像数据的相关分析方法在金刚石找矿预测及靶区定位中有较理想的应用效果。     

多宝山矿田的地面波谱研究及其在铜矿预测中的应用

根据矿田内岩矿地质波谱与ＴＭ图象亮度的线性相关关系，论述了多宝山铜矿田内矿床的地面波谱特征，地空相关模型及ＴＭ数据的地空相关分析方法，在此基础上讨论了其在铜矿预测中的应用效果。     

MT阻抗张量的正则分解和参数重建

对大地电磁（ＭＴ）阻抗张量正则分解的基本理论进行了阐述,重建了物理意义明确的参数体系。通过理论推导和等价性讨论,说明新参数与传统的坐标轴旋转法参数之间的对应关系,使这一数据处理方法能够成为用于大地电磁测深的实用技术。     

Some observations from radiometric ‘8 bit’ data of sediment thin sections based on alternative petrographic image analysis method

This paper deals with the experiment of sediment microstructure analysis especially microfabric mapping by digital imaging. For that purpose the greyscale images (Red band from RGB combination) of the thin sections have been prepared from the selected 12 samples. The basis of this mapping is the reflectance capacity of different sediments which is influenced by the physical parameters like grain size and colour. The reflectances of different sediments are represented in digital format by different DN values from 0–255 within the radiometric ranges of ‘8 bit’ data. Density slicing has been chosen as the method of microstructure mapping in this research. This study shows that lower DN values normally present dark coloured coarser sand and clay while higher DN values present light coloured finer sediment samples. In the selected samples for this study the maximum DN value has been found from micaceous materials. Another remarkable thing observed from the microfabric mapping is that the presence of coarser sediments forms complex microfabric pattern than the finer sediments in the study area. Though this method have some demerits, still its simple technique can be very useful for accurate microstructure analysis.     

Canonical variate analysis with unequal covariance matrices: Generalizations of the usual solution

Canonical variate analysis is extended for use when the covariance matrices are not equal. Linear combinations of variates are derived by generalizing either a weighted between-groups approach or the likelihood-ratio test and the associated noncentrality matrix. The usual solution and the two generalizations are compared via generated data for a few typical configurations of means in a situation in which the covariance matrices are in fact equal. The MSE of the canonical variate coefficients and group means for the generalizations are approximately three times those for the usual solution, due to corresponding changes in the variances. Two examples are discussed.     

Environmental controls on the development of Mississippian microbial carbonate mounds and platform limestones in southern Montagne Noire (France)

Late Mississippian carbonates in southern Montagne Noire are dominantly domical to laterally‐accreted microbial mounds in some formations, as well as stratiform microbial limestones occurring in hundreds of olistoliths within a flysch basin, constituting pieces of a giant puzzle that are used to help reconstruct a platform in a region that is no longer preserved. Petrographic data of limestone samples from 14 continuous long sections of olistoliths have been analyzed statistically, using multivariate clustering (Q‐mode) of the components/matrix/cement and canonical correspondence analysis that allow the reconstruction of the environmental parameters of carbonate microbial communities in space and time. Clustering analysis separated microbial and non‐microbial facies. The calculation of indices along the various axes from canonical correspondence analysis allows recognition of the controlling factors of the mounds and microbial growth as being turbidity, light penetration, bathymetry and storms. Turbidity and light penetration are the primary factors controlling the morphology of the microbial limestones. Representation of the light penetration and bathymetry indices on the stratigraphical sections defines two vertical environmental gradients. Light penetration can be subdivided into euphotic, euphotic–dysphotic and dysphotic‐aphotic conditions. The representation of the bathymetry allows the subdivision of samples into a deeper outer ramp, external mid‐ramp and internal mid‐ramp. The curve distance from the section base = f (index) suggests a cyclicity for the platform that cannot be compared with the onlap curve defined from other cratonic areas (Moscow Basin), and thus the cyclic succession of the Montagne Noire is interpreted to have been mostly tectonically‐controlled. Integration of the data allowed the reconstruction of the original Mississippian carbonate platform, where, up to the Mikhailovian, it appears to correspond to a platform morphology, with narrow shallow water facies and wide turbiditic systems, whereas the width of shallow‐water settings expanded during the Venevian to the Protvian, forming a ramp or distally‐steepened ramp with widespread microbial limestones.     

Choosing the Best Exchange Vectors to Describe a Mineral with Solid Solutions

An algebraic method is developed for choosing exchange vectors that best describe composition variations in a mineral when several analyses are available. The method combines lower rank approximation of the matrix of chemical formulae with canonical angle analysis of proximity between spaces (both using singular value decomposition). After choosing the best exchange vectors, approximate mineral compositions are obtained. They can be expressed by their coordinates onto the exchange vectors taken as new axes or as approximate chemical formulae. The method is applied to a set of chemical analyses performed on several magnetite crystals with variable composition.     

Discriminant analysis of a Cretaceous foraminifer using shrunken estimators

Canonical variate analysis of living and fossil organisms, based on morphological characters, can sometimes greatly distort the biological interpretation (i.e., reification) of the coefficients of the eigenvectors forming the canonical variates through the inclusion of redundant within-group directions. Instability is associated with the smallest eigenvalues, particularly if these do not greatly differ from zero. In the present study of 46 borehole samples of the Late Cretaceous foraminifer Afrobolivina afraReyment, stability of the canonical variate coefficients is attained by removal of a near redundant direction of within-group variation. This leads to improved interpretability of the morphometric relationships in this species. on leave from Division of Mathematics and Statistics, CSIRO, Wembley, 6014, Western Australia.     

Asymmetric measures of association, closed data, and multivariate analysis

The association between constant-sum variables X_i and X_j expressed as percentages can be calculated as a product-moment correlation between X_i and X_j/(100 – X_i ) and a correlation between X_j and X_i/(100 – X_j ). An asymmetric, square matrix may be formed from these coefficients, and multivariate analysis performed by two methods: singular value decomposition and canonical decomposition. Either analysis avoids problems in the interpretation of correlation coefficients determined from closed arrays, and provides information about dependencies among the variables beyond that obtained from the usual correlation coefficient between X_i and X_j.Two examples show the canonical decomposition to have the greater usefulness.     

基于集对分析方法的山区高速铁路线路方案优选研究

针对影响山区高速铁路方案评选的因素非常复杂,而且各个因素相互关联的问题,为了得到优化的最佳方案,本文根据当前国内外在铁路选线领域及多属性决策领域的研究现状,采用集对分析法进行山区高速铁路选线研究.首先以西安至成都高速铁路大巴山区段6条铁路方案为研究对象,通过对研究区工程地质条件资料的收集、野外实地调查、室内数据分析,提...     

Improving resolution of gravity data with wavelet analysis and spectral method

Gravity data are the results of gravity force field interaction from all the underground sources. The objects of detection are always submerged in the background field, and thus one of the crucial problems for gravity data interpretation is how to improve the resolution of observed information. The wavelet transform operator has recently been introduced into the domain fields both as a filter and as a powerful source analysis tool. This paper studied the effects of improving resolution of gravity data with wavelet analysis and spectral method, and revealed the geometric characteristics of density heterogeneities described by simple shaped sources. First, the basic theory of the multiscale wavelet analysis and its lifting scheme and spectral method were introduced. With the experimental study on forward simulation of anomalies given by the superposition of six objects and measured data in Songliao plain, Northeast China, the shape, size and depth of the buried objects were estimated in the study. Also, the results were compared with those obtained by conventional techniques, which demonstrated that this method greatly improves the resolution of gravity anomalies. Translated from Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22(1): 112–120 [译自: 地球物理学进展]     

地质对象表面模型的矢量缓冲区分析算法及其在矿产资源定量评价中的应用

基于GIS的三维隐伏矿体成矿预测是矿产预测评价领域研究的热点问题,而构建三维数字矿床模型则是解决该问题的重要手段之一。目前,在构建三维数字矿床模型方面,仍有大量问题亟待解决,特别是基于三维空间分析构建找矿标志的三维模型方面尤为突出。三维缓冲区分析是三维空间分析的基本内容。目前在成矿预测研究中,通常使用地质对象的栅格模型表达其缓冲区,但其存在耗时、不精确、可视化效果相对较差的缺点。本文提出缓冲区分析方法,具有快速、精确、矢量化的特点,由地质对象的离散化入手,通过改进的带符号的欧氏距离变换方法和精确的光滑曲面重构算法,最终获得使用以矢量表达的地质对象的三维缓冲区(带)。基于多个矿区实际的三维地质模型,从三维可视化、优度与等距性分析等方面开展两种模型的对比实验,结果表明,矢量缓冲区分析在三维可视化、计算精度及其算法扩展性方面比栅格缓冲区模型更加适合三维隐伏矿体的定位与定量预测。