基于Google Earth的GIS数据管理系统的设计与实现

Google Earth作为公共地图服务平台,为测绘、勘探等工作提供了数据支持。本文探讨了开发应用软件,将GIS数据批量转换为Google Earth数据的关键技术,实现了数据管理、数据转换等功能。     

A Spatial Analysis System for Integrating Data,Methods and Models on Environmental Risks and Health Outcomes

Integrating data on health outcomes with methods of disease mapping and spatially explicit models of environmental contaminants are important aspects of environmental health surveillance. In this article, we describe a modular, web‐based spatial analysis system that uses GIS, spatial analysis methods and software services delivered over computer networks to achieve this end. The Environmental Health Surveillance System (EHSS) is a prototype system that is designed to serve three purposes: a secure environment for producing maps of disease outcomes from individual‐level data while preserving privacy; an automated process of linking environmental data, environmental models, and GIS tasks like geocoding for the purposes of estimating individual exposures to environmental contaminants; and mechanisms to visualize the spatial patterns of disease outcomes via Web‐based mapping interfaces and interactive tools like Google Earth.     

Virtual globes for UAV-based data integration: Sputnik GIS and Google Earth™ applications

The integration of local measurements and monitoring via global-scale Earth observations has become a new challenge in digital Earth science. The increasing accessibility and ease of use of virtual globes (VGs) represent primary advantages of this integration, and the digital Earth scientific community has adopted this technology as one of the main methods for disseminating the results of scientific studies. In this study, the best VG software for the dissemination and analysis of high-resolution UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) data is identified for global and continuous geographic scope support. The VGs Google Earth and Sputnik Geographic Information System (GIS) are selected and compared for this purpose. Google Earth is a free platform and one of the most widely used VGs, and one of its best features its ability to provide users with quality visual results. The proprietary software Sputnik GIS more closely approximates the analytical capacity of a traditional GIS and provides outstanding advantages, such as DEM overlapping and visualization for its dissemination.     

在Google Earth平台上的虚拟社区构建

介绍虚拟现实技术及其在GIS中的应用,并采用Google Earth作为平台,利用已有数据资料进行虚拟社区的构建,并借助Google Earth进行发布,初步实现了相关功能,在一定程度上实现了虚拟现实技术与传统地理信息的结合。     

‘Video Strip Mapping (VSM)’ for Time‐sequential Monitoring of Revegetation of a Pipeline Route

Abstract

A frequent requirement in post‐construction management of a land pipeline route is to detect revegetation status on a time-sequential basis (usually 5‐10 years). The principal advantage of video is the capacity to provide, in a cost‐effective manner, information required for such a very narrow and long strip target utilising the narrow view angle and dynamic stereo coverage. This paper reports that a video strip monitoring technique requiring solely end lap has been specifically developed with focus on such a narrow and long strip target (e.g. 20‐30m wide and several hundred km long). Such large‐scale video systems are often discussed as being inadequate for a change‐detection application due to geometric and radiometric calibration problems. In spite of such limitations, changes of major thematic land cover classes, particularly for the rapidly recovered target of a pipeline corridor, could be detected successfully by visual or quantitative methods and through further ‘patch dynamics’ analysis in a GIS environment. The results of this study indicate that such calibration problems are generally not a major drawback in acquiring change‐detection information in a practical operational application which requires mostly generalized thematic mapping of relatively simple classes. The results also indicate that Video Strip Mapping (VSM) could be extensively used for other examples of linear thematic mapping.     

A Microsoft VBA Application for Generating Heat Maps

A choropleth map is a form of thematic map used to portray the structural characteristics of some particular geographical distribution not apparent in data presented in tabular form. Preparation of a choropleth map starts with the assignment of map features to classes based on the value of a specific feature attribute followed by the association of classes of features with appropriate map colors or symbols. Map features are often geographical regions with naturally or artificially defined boundaries, but choropleth maps can also be prepared by segmenting the area to be mapped into a regular grid of regions. Maps prepared with each grid shaded in an intuitive manner such as blue for grids with the lowest attribute values to red for the highest values can be termed “heat maps”. This technical note describes the HeatMap Microsoft Excel application which converts information contained in a worksheet into a heat map, and then converts the heat map into a file suitable for display using mapping systems such as Google Earth. An example illustrates how the application can be used to visualize the seventeenth century frontier between the Polish/Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire.     

Google Earth在线路勘测设计中的应用分析

通过分析Google Earth在电力线路勘测及输电线路基建管理中的应用,提出了一种简单可行的构建三维输电线路GIS系统的方法。     

A novel approach for constructing a 3D model based on registering a mono image on a 3D model,applicable in Digital Earth

The effect of Digital Earth on our life is vital. Developing and updating Geospatial data in Digital Earth is also essential. This paper presents the application of a new approach of image registration in Digital Earth. The approach was developed based on registering a mono photograph on a master 3D model. The result is a 3D vector model, which can be broadly applied in visualisation, mapping, geographic information system (GIS), planning, change detection, as well as Digital Earth. The approach does not require parameters of correction for transformation. The accuracy of the output depends on the accuracy of the master data. This approach is very versatile and able to register any image on the digital elevation model, digital surface model and topographic 3D model.     

基于ArcEngine与OGR库的Shapefiles文件到KML格式转换方法研究

Google Earth的问世,给GIS行业注入了新的活力,但对GIS的核心和重要功能--空间分析的支持几乎为零.本文首先使用ArcGIS Engine实现了Shapefiles文件的缓冲区分析功能,然后通过ArcGIS Engine和OGR库把缓冲区分析结果的Shapefiles文件转换为KML格式,从而将缓冲区分析的结果在Google Earth中显示出来,间接地增强了Google Earth缓冲区分析的功能.     

基于VBA的Excel常用测量函数开发

基于VBA开发Excel测量程序具有简便、高效和通用的特点。考虑到参考文献一中已经比较详细地介绍了VBA在Excel中的开发技术,本文将介绍利用VBA在Excel中开发几个常用测量函数的实例,深入地剖析用度分秒表示的角度与用弧度表示的角度之间的相互转换和坐标方位角反算三个VBA函数,并提供了VBA源代码,供同行借鉴与直接使用。     

基于CASS的Google Earth图像处理及信息提取

Google Earth图像以精度高、直观形象、操作简单和免费使用等特点,深受广大用户的喜爱。以成都理工大学为例,探讨了利用Google Earth图像,结合CASS强大的制图功能,进行图像处理及信息提取的过程;针对GoogleEarth图像上被阴影遮蔽的信息,提出了通过地面少量实测来弥补的解决办法;最后分析了Google Earth产品的优缺点及应用前景。     

基于Google Earth的天然气加气站管理系统的设计与实现

Google Earth(GE)作为一款数据开放式的卫星影像浏览软件,已被应用到消防、农业发展、公共安全等重要领域中,并发挥关键性作用。文中提出一套基于Google Earth组件的开发方法,通过面向对象的程序开发技术,设计并实现天然气加气站信息管理系统,且具备一定的空间分析能力。以昆明市主城区内天然气加气站信息为例,验证本系统的可行性和稳定性,证明Google Earth平台的功能实用性。     

基于3维GIS的房产信息系统设计

随着3维GIS技术日益完善,使我们能够构建近于现实的房地产3维模型,它不仅能反映房地产的位置和空间信息,还能进行3维空间的查询和分析,可用于房地产规划决策、建设和交易管理。本文将以Google Earth的GIS平台和数字城区的虚拟漫游系统为基础结合3维建模基本理论对房产信息系统进行全新的设计。     

基于KML的三维专题图表示方法

近几年来,虚拟地理环境系统得到广泛应用。专题图制作在制图学上有着悠久的历史。但是在虚拟地理环境浏览系统中(如Google Earth)对专题要素的表达没有得到足够的重视。文中研究如何利用KML制作专题符号,并在三维虚拟地理环境浏览系统中利用基于KML的专题符号实现定点符号法、分区图表法、质别底色法等专题图表示方法。通过实验说明KML在专题图的制作中具有巨大潜力,但同时也有一些重点问题需要解决。     

基于Google Earth的地质地震信息展示

分析了Google Earth在地质地震领域的应用,开发了地标文件生成、显示控制、安全性等插件,实现了震中分布图、地质资料图、地震现场信息在Google Earth平台上融合显示。     

地理属性和图形属性耦合的信息编码模型

对地理信息进行编码,是ＧＩＳ设计中最重要的技术步骤之一,它代表着现实世界与信息世界的界面。本文从地图的模型化和空间认知过程出发,提出地理实体编码模型与图形实体编码模型的概念,并着重分析了代表这两类不同编码方式的软件对制图功能的影响,并在此基础上提出了地理属性和地图图形属性耦合的信息编码概念模型。     

Exploring differences of visual attention in pedestrian navigation when using 2D maps and 3D geo-browsers

ABSTRACT

Despite the now-ubiquitous two-dimensional (2D) electronic maps, three-dimensional (3D) globe viewers, or 3D geo-browsers such as Google Earth and NASA World Wind have gained much attention. However, the effect of such interactive 3D geo-browsers on spatial knowledge acquisition and decision-making is not well known. This study aims to explore the potential benefits of using interactive 3D geo-browsers in three processes of pedestrian navigation (self-localization, spatial knowledge acquisition, and decision-making) in digital environments. We employed eye tracking to show differences of visual attention in pedestrian navigation between a 2D map (Google Map) and a 3D geo-browser (Google Earth). The results indicated that benefits and drawbacks of 3D representations are task dependent. Participants using the 3D geo-browser had an extensively visual search resulting in significantly longer response time than the 2D participants for spatial knowledge acquisition, whereas 3D users performed a more efficient visual search and resulted in a better navigation performance at complex decision points. We speculate that the inefficient knowledge acquisition when using the 3D geo-browser was most probably due to information overload and obstructed views. Landmarks in photorealistic 3D models assisted recall of spatial knowledge from mental maps, which contributed to efficient decision-making at a complex turning point. These empirical results can be helpful to improve the usability of pedestrian navigation systems.     

3维实景地理信息网络平台关键技术研究

随着信息技术的飞速发展,3维空间信息系统成为国内外行业厂商和研究机构关注的重点,如Google的Google Earth。针对3维地理信息模型、瓦片金字塔技术、数据请求调度策略、可视化全球地形模型等相关的关键技术进行了分析,并描述了我们开发成功的3维实景地理信息网络平台及其应用。     

Mining Trajectory Data and Geotagged Data in Social Media for Road Map Inference

As mapping is costly and labor‐intensive work, government mapping agencies are less and less willing to absorb these costs. In order to reduce the updating cycle and cost, researchers have started to use user generated content (UGC) for updating road maps; however, the existing methods either rely heavily on manual labor or cannot extract enough information for road maps. In view of the above problems, this article proposes a UGC‐based automatic road map inference method. In this method, data mining techniques and natural language processing tools are applied to trajectory data and geotagged data in social media to extract not only spatial information – the location of the road network – but also attribute information – road class and road name – in an effort to create a complete road map. A case study using floating car data, collected by the National Commercial Vehicle Monitoring Platform of China, and geotagged text data from Flickr and Google Maps/Earth, validates the effectiveness of this method in inferring road maps.     

Excel VBA在测量数据处理中的应用

Excel是office办公软件中的一个组件,而VBA是office应用程序共享的一种通用的自动化语言,可以使常用的office应用程序自动化,并可以创建自定义的解决方案。本文对Excel2003的数据处理功能进行分析,论述通过Excel2003的VBA编辑器创建"宏"功能实现测量数据处理的优点;并结合道路工程中桩坐标及其放样数据计算实例,给出了通过VBA编程进行测量数据处理的方法。