湛江湾沉积物中酸可挥发性硫和重金属含量分布及重金属生态风险评价

测定了湛江湾海域20个站位表层沉积物中的酸可挥发性硫（AVS）、同步浸提重金属（SEM）、TOC含量和Eh值,对AVS、SEM含量的平面分布及AVS与SEM、TOC含量、Eh值的相互关系进行了分析.结果表明：该海域表层沉积物中AVS含量范围为0.004～0.547μmol/g,平均值为0.155μmol/g,SEM含量范围为2.10～4.27μmol/g,平均值为3.32μmol/g,相对其他海域湛江湾海域沉积物表现出AVS含量较低,SEM含量较高的特征.AVS与SEM含量平面分布较一致,湾顶的含量都较高,含量均值分别为0.361和3.52μmol/g,特呈岛以南到湾口呈逐渐减小的明显趋势.调查海域沉积物AVS与TOC含量呈显著正相关,与Eh值呈显著负相关,说明高有机质含量、低氧化还原电位沉积环境有利于AVS的生成.20个站位CSEM5-CAVS的差值均为0〈（CSEM5-CAVS）〈5,说明该海域可能存在重金属的中等毒性生态风险.     

粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属背景值初步研究

海洋区域环境背景值是多种环境因素的共同作用的结果,往往具有很强的地域性特点.在评价区域元素的累积、人为污染强度时,使用全球页岩或其他大范围的元素地球化学背景作为衡量依据,会使得判断结果出现较大的偏差.位于广东省东部的柘林湾是一个具有典型热带与亚热带特色和鲜明地质特点的小型河口湾,也是粤东地区最大规模的增养殖区.2003年9月、12月在柘林湾进行了两个航次的沉积物背景值调查,对取得的3个沉积物柱状样分层并测定了各层沉积物的重金属含量,在分析重金属垂直分布特征的基础上,结合已知的沉积速率,确定了柱状样下部未受人类活动影响的背景段,并根据数据的分布类型确定重金属的环境背景值.结果表明,柘林湾重金属元素Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Ni、 Pb、 Zn的背景值分别为0.150mg·kg-1、28.6mg·kg-1、15.8mg·kg-1、14.8mg·kg-1、32.2mg·kg-1,57.8mg·kg-1.与其他区域比较,柘林湾Pb的背景值最高,而Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Ni、 Zn的背景值与其邻近的粤东外海和南海北部陆坡区及广东沿海的相近,但与南海陆坡和南海海盆的相比则明显偏低.     

胶州湾东部和青岛前海表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其对比研究

根据2003年对胶州湾东部和青岛前海2008年奥运赛场海域表层沉积物中重金属、有机碳和硫化物的调查结果表明:研究区的重金属(As除外)高含量主要分布在团岛污水处理厂,大港出口北侧至李村河口沿岸一带。作者通过与胶州湾周围岩体、地层和松散沉积物中重金属的平均含量比较以及重金属与环境因子有机碳、硫化物的相关分析,证明了研究区的重金属污染主要来自于工业和生活污水的排放,并且重金属与硫化物的物源不尽相同。作者发现由于胶州湾的潮流作用模式使胶州湾东部排入的污染物向西扩散的可能性削弱,是胶州湾东部污染严重的一个自然因素。同时由于胶州湾东部的部分污染物经由沧口水道搬运到青岛前海的退潮三角洲区域而出现局部高值区,其中沉积物中的Cr和Cu已有超标现象,应引起重视。     

Benthic fauna of Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya Archipelago,Kara Sea)

The benthic fauna was studied in the Blagopoluchiya Bay (Kara Sea, Novaya Zemlya Archipelago) during an expedition of the R/V Professor Shtokman in autumn 2013. The inner basin of the bay, with depths of around 150 m, is separated from the outer slope of Novaya Zemlya by a shoal 30 m in depth. Six macrobenthic communities were described at nine stations (25 bottom grab samples) taken along a transect from the inner part of the bay to the outer part of the slope. The depths, position on the transect axis and sediment types were the major factors influencing the distribution of the communities. The benthic abundance and biomass in the inner and outer parts of the bay did not differ significantly. The diversity of macrobenthic organisms (α-diversity as the number of species in the sample and β-diversity as the rate of increase in species number in the area) was lower in the inner part of the bay. The intertidal zone (littoral) has been described. The littoral fauna was very poor; it comprised only the amphipods Gammarus setosus inhabiting the near-surface area.     

Distribution Pattern of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay

Introduction Due to the joint influence of hydrodynamics and the impacts of biological and human activities, the distribution pattern of heavy metals in the coastal sediments becomes rather complicated. The question has raised attention from the world geocommunities since the 1970s. During the past 30 years, a lot of data have been accumulated [1-7]. The study of heavy metals in the sea bottom sediments began in the 1980s in China [8-13]. It includes the study of sources, occurrence, depositi…     

南澳岛海域表层沉积物重金属分布、富集与污染评价

南澳岛是广东南澳县的主岛, 周边海域的环境保护被置于当地社会经济发展的重要位置。为此, 2004年 5月、7月选择以水产养殖为主的后江湾和白沙湾及以旅游为主的青澳湾作为研究对象, 对南澳岛海域重金属的 含量、分布、富集及污染状况进行了调查与评价。结果表明该海域重金属元素的平均含量为Cd: 0.19mg.kg-1, Cr: 26.86mg.kg-1, Cu: 20.71mg.kg-1, Ni: 22.78mg.kg-1, Pb: 35.67mg.kg-1, Zn: 79.48mg.kg-1, 低于近岸经济发达海域, 但高于受人类活动影响较小的外海; 在分布特征上表现为湾口高于湾内, 养殖区高于非养殖区的总趋势, 但在各海湾之间重金属含量并无显著差异, 表明南澳岛海域重金属主要来源于地表径流输入。该海域以城市污水中代表元素Cu (Cf = 2.75), Pb (Cf = 2.27)富集为主; 以海洋沉积物质量标准、沉积物质量基准和美国太平洋沿岸基线值评价, 南澳岛海域环境质量均处于健康状态, 但其潜在污染效应仍值得关注。     

锦州湾沾污沉积物急性毒性的海洋端足类检验

１９９２年９月￣１９９３年１月对锦州湾沾污沉积物的海洋端足类急性毒性效应进行了研究。从锦州湾湾顶到湾口沿西南－－东北方向每２ｋｍ等距离采集２７个表层沉积我校 品,应用海洋端足类Ａ ｍｐｅｌｉｓｃａ ａｂｄｉｔａ对这些样品进行了１０ｄ直流式急性毒性检验,检验指标为死亡率。结果表明,五里河河口处受试生物死亡率最高,为１００％,从湾顶该河口处沿东北方向随着距离增加,死亡率逐渐递减,笔架山处最低,仅为２．     

大亚湾内、外海域重金属分布对比及其潜在生态风险评价

为促进大亚湾区的海洋生态环境保护和可持续发展,文章以铜等9种重金属为指标,根据相关规范和标准,分别调查大亚湾内、外海域的海水、表层沉积物和生物质量,并采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数,对比重金属的污染程度,具有创新性;同时,以表层沉积物为代表,采用潜在生态风险指数,评价大亚湾海域的潜在生态风险。研究结果表明:大亚湾海域海水、表层沉积物和生物中的重金属含量大部分符合相关一类或推荐的标准;海水中的主要重金属为铅,综合污染指数湾外低于湾内,可能与人类活动和海水交换有关;表层沉积物中的主要重金属为钒,综合污染指数湾内低于湾外,可能与钒的最大值超标有关;生物体内重金属的综合污染指数,甲壳类和头足类湾外低于湾内,而鱼类和贝类湾内低于湾外,但差距均不明显;大亚湾海域多种重金属的潜在生态风险等级为很高,其中汞为首要潜在生态风险因子,须引起高度关注。     

乐清湾悬沙输移机制分析

以乐清湾海区特征测站实测资料为据,运用机制分解法将悬沙净输移通量分解成多个动力项并讨论不同区域悬沙输移的时空分布特征,认为潮泵输沙在湾内贡献均较大,在浅滩附近占明显优势,垂向净环流输沙在小潮期中,内湾作用显著,平流输沙在开阔水域及中湾深槽起主要作用.从余流分布、流速与含沙量的相位关系、垂向余流结构与悬沙浓度垂向梯度变化...     

Short-term variation in behavior of allochthonous particulate organic matter accompanying changes of river discharge in Ise Bay,Japan

The composition and behavior of allochthonous particulate organic matter (POM) in the northern part of Ise Bay, Japan were investigated to elucidate the short-term variation in POM accompanying changes in river discharge. The behavior of POM was significantly regulated by hydrographic conditions, but behavior was different in the upper layer versus the middle and lower layers. The former showed simple dynamics controlled by the river plume, while the latter showed complex dynamics because of changes in river discharge and subsequent variation in estuarine circulation. During normal discharge, the contribution of riverine materials to POC in the surface water within the bay was negligible because most riverine organic matter is deposited before flowing into the bay. During high discharge, on the other hand, the contribution of riverine organic matter to total POM increased to 50% at ∼10 km from the river mouth. Though riverine organic matter loads increased, the total amount of POC decreased around the river mouth due to flushing of phytoplankton. After river discharge, the contribution decreased rapidly.The behavior of POM in the middle and lower layers differed from that in the surface layer. At normal discharge, the influence of riverine organic matter was weak. During high discharge, high flooding temporarily weakened the bottom inflow, resulting in heavier riverine organic matter distributed from the river mouth to mid regions within the bay in the lower layer. The maximum contribution of riverine organic matter to total POM was estimated to be ∼60% around 25 km from the river mouth. After high discharge, riverine POM in the lower layer was pushed to the bay head by enhanced estuarine circulation and was uplifted to the middle layer. The behavior of riverine POM dynamically changed in relation to river discharge, and exerted a significant influence on bottom water conditions in the bay.     

Influence of submarine fumaroles on the distribution of mercury in the sediment of Kagoshima Bay,Japan

To estimate the influence of mercury emitted from submarine fumaroles, the horizontal and vertical distribution of mercury in sediment of Kagoshima Bay was studied. The fumaroles are located in the northern bay head area, and the sediment samples had been taken from 52 points throughout the bay with a gravity core sampler. The core samples obtained were cut at a thickness of 1–2 cm and used for measurements. The total concentration of mercury in surface sediment in the northern and central areas of the bay was 51–679 μg kg^− 1 (average 199 μg kg^− 1, n = 22) and 23–100 μg kg^− 1 (average 55 μg kg^− 1, n = 30), respectively. The highest value was obtained in the vicinity of the fumaroles. The mercury concentration in sediment near the fumaroles varied with depth, which may reflect the variation in fumarolic activity. A successive extraction method was applied to the speciation of mercury in the sediment. The results showed that sediment taken in the vicinity of submarine fumaroles contained a higher percentage of mercury bound with organic matter.     

胶州湾李村河口沉积物中重金属分布特征及其控制因素

对胶州湾李村河口4个站点沉积物中的酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)以及同步提取金属元素(SEM,包括Cu,Cd,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量进行测定,以研究重金属元素在河口海湾沉积物中的分布特征及影响其分布的因素。结果表明,J1站表层沉积物中同步提取金属含量高于其它站点;除J1站外其他站点的同步提取金属的总量随沉积物深度变化范围不大;J1站的SEM/AVS比值始终小于1,其他站点SEM/AVS比值只在沉积物浅表层大于1。此外,AVS和同步提取Fe的含量对沉积物中同步提取金属的分布有着重要影响,其他的因素如有机质的含量等也会对沉积物中同步提取金属的分布产生影响。     

象山港潮滩沉积物有机质分布特征及物源影响分析

潮滩是陆海交互影响的重要区域,在陆海物质交换的过程中扮演着重要的角色。象山港位于浙江宁波,是典型的半封闭式港湾,受人类活动影响显著。本文取其重要支港西沪港为研究区,自其潮上带至潮间带采集表层沉积样品,进行总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)和稳定碳同位素δ¹³C等测试。分析象山港潮滩有机质分布的空间特征,并估算陆源有机质的贡献率的空间差异,探讨了影响象山港潮滩有机质的物源因素。结果显示:(1)潮滩表层沉积物TOC均值为0.86%,δ¹³C均值为-23.58‰。在平均海面附近的样品TOC和δ¹³C均出现异常值,其中TOC约2.3%,而δ¹³C约-26.44‰,指示有大量陆源有机质在平均海面附近累积。(2)δ¹³C总体上随高程下降而下降,潮上带平均值为-22.40‰,潮间带平均值为-23.33‰。(3)有机质累积受植被、养殖、污水排放等影响。潮上带和高潮滩表层沉积物受潮滩植被影响显著;平均海面附近样品的δ¹³C与生活污水和沿岸围塘养殖的δ¹³C接近,说明象山港潮动力较弱,沿岸人类活动产生的有机质容易在平均海面附近大量累积。     

Tracing origins of sewage and organic matter using dissolved sterols in Masan and Haengam Bay,Korea

Masan and Haengam Bays in Korea are highly polluted and semi-enclosed. Domestic and industrial effluents are directly or indirectly discharged into the bays through sewage treatment plants (STP) and creeks. In this study, 15 dissolved sterol compounds were determined in order to understand their sources and relative contribution. Freshwater samples were taken from 13 creeks and at two STP sites on a monthly basis. Total dissolved sterol concentrations ranged from 993 to 4158 ng/L. The concentrations of sterols in winter were higher than in summer. Among the sterols analyzed, cholesterol, β-sitosterol, coprostanol and cholestanone were major compounds in creek water. Seawater samples were concurrently collected at 21 stations in Masan Bay. Total sterol concentrations ranged 118–6,956 ng/L. Inner bay showed high concentrations of sterols in summer, while outer bay showed high sterol concentrations in winter. Among the sterols, cholesterol, β-sitosterol and brassicasterol were major compounds in seawater. In order to examine the contribution of urban sewage, the concentration of coprostanol and fecal sterol ratios were calculated. Most of the creek water, inner bay and near STP outlet samples were affected by sewage. Terrestrial organic matters accounted for a high proportion of dissolved organic matter origin. Fecal origins were relatively high in the inner bay areas and in the STP outlet, while sterols of marine origin were high in the outer bay areas.     

夏季大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物碳、氮同位素组成及其物源指示

2015年夏季开展了大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物碳（POC）、氮含量（PN）及其同位素组成的研究,结果表明,δ13C_POC和δ15N_PN的变化范围分别为-25.7‰~-17.4‰和-6.3‰~10.4‰,平均值分别为-20.2‰和8.2‰。大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物含量及其碳氮同位素组成的空间变化反映了不同有机质来源的影响:喜洲岛附近海域表现出高POC、PN、δ13C_POC和δ15N_PN的特征,指征着浮游植物水华的主导贡献;东北部范和港附近海域具有高POC、PN、低δ13C_POC和高δ15N_PN的特征,反映了河流/河口水生有机物的影响;湾顶白寿湾附近海域的δ13C_POC和δ15N_PN出现低值,体现了陆源有机质和人类污水排放的影响。借助δ13C_POC和δ15N_PN的三端元混合模型,定量出海洋自生有机质、陆源有机质、河流/河口水生有机质等3个来源的贡献平均分别为70%、13%和17%,其中海洋自生有机质是夏季大亚湾悬浮颗粒有机物的最主要来源。从这3种来源颗粒有机物含量的空间变化看,海洋自生有机质含量由湾内向湾外减少,与初级生产力的空间变化相对应;河流/河口水生有机质含量在大亚湾东北部出现高值;陆源有机质含量在表、底层出现不同态势,表层陆源有机物含量在湾中部海域最低,而底层则呈现出自湾内向湾口增加的趋势,主要受控于离岸距离和珠江冲淡水、粤东沿岸上升流输送的影响。     

大亚湾表层沉积物中重金属分布特征

为了解大亚湾沉积物中重金属分布及污染状况,于2016年8月对大亚湾海域表层沉积物中重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn和Cu）展开调查,并将获得的各元素含量与粒度、Fe、Mn和总有机碳（TOC）等相关理化要素进行相关性分析。结果表明：大亚湾沉积物中重金属受陆源输入影响较大,含量基本呈现为沿岸高、湾内低的趋势,总体质量较好,基本符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准要求;澳头湾和范和港附近海域人类活动密集,重金属含量较高。通过相关性分析结果发现,大亚湾重金属主要来源为岩石的风化和侵蚀、工业污水排放和渔业养殖等;Cu与铁锰氧化物结合性弱于其他元素,在还原性环境中被沉积物吸附形成金属Cu硫化物可能是喜洲岛附近海域Cu元素含量异常高值的原因;作为湾内有机质主要来源的水生浮游生物的生长状态对Cr、Zn和Pb含量影响较大;Cr、As和Pb与粉砂结合为主,Zn与粘土结合为主。     

Integrative assessment of sediment quality in terms of chemical contamination in Jinhae Bay,South Korea

The assessment of sediment quality by considering chemical contaminants is required for the effective management of coastal environments. In this study, complex data sets of heavy metals and organic pollutants were integrated to evaluate sediment quality. Thirty-two target pollutants were quantitatively determined in surface sediments from 80 stations in Jinhae Bay, South Korea. A sediment quality index (SQI) was derived by combining the functions of “scope” (the number of variables that do not meet guideline objectives) and “amplitude” (the magnitude by which these variables exceed the guideline objective). The SQI reflects the spatial gradient and differences in the contamination status with regard to heavy metals and organic pollutants in Jinhae Bay. Fifty-nine out of eighty stations surveyed (74%) were classified as being in “excellent” or “good” condition according to the SQI, and no stations were in a “poor” condition. The mean sediment quality guideline quotient (mSGQq) ranged from 0.06 to 0.31 (from nontoxic to marginally toxic). Acute sediment toxicity leading to amphipod mortality was recorded at 17 stations (21%) of the 80 surveyed, where the mortality rate was slightly over 20%. No significant relationship was observed between sediment toxicity and the concentration of each toxicant or mSQGq.     

Effects of oilfield brine effluent on sediments and benthic organisms in trinity bay,Texas

Field studies have established the concentrations of naphthalenes in bay sediments and water in the vicinity of an oil separator platform and their effects on the benthic fauna. Fifteen stations were occupied monthly, from July, 1974 to December, 1975, along three transects extending from the separator platform outfall outwards for a distance of 4·0 to 5·6 km. A lesser number of stations were occupied from April, 1974 to June, 1974. Bottom sediments at each station were analysed for total naphthalenes content and for number of species and individuals. All stations were located in 2 to 3 m of water. The outfall was located 1 m off the bay bottom.There was a definite correlation between sediment naphthalenes concentration and number of species and individuals. As expected, the first station, located 15 m from the outfall, had the highest concentration of naphthalenes of all stations sampled. The naphthalenes levels dropped sharply from the outfall to the stations located 75 m from the platform where levels were about 20–50% of those found 15 m from the outfall. Naphthalenes concentrations then decreased gradually to near background levels at stations farther out. Hydrocarbon concentrations in bottom water 15 m from the outfall were three orders of magnitude lower than those in the full strength effluent, but sediments 15 m from the outfall had hydrocarbon concentrations four times as great as in the full strength effluent. There were approximately four orders of magnitude more hydrocarbons in the sediment than in the overlying water.The bay bottom was almost completely devoid of organisms within 15 m of the effluent outfall. Stations located 150 m from the outfall had severely depressed benthic faunas but not to the extent of stations nearer the outfall. Stations located 455 m from the platform were unaffected. Both numbers of species and individuals increased with distance from the platform and reached a peak at the first station medial to the control on each transect (685 to 1675 m from the platform) and then dropped at the control station. Physical environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, water depth and sediment type were essentially the same at all stations.The temporary use of a second outfall located 275 m from the main platform outfall resulted in a rapid build up of naphthalenes in surrounding sediments which persisted for at least six months following the termination of use of the second outfall. The benthic fauna was also severely depressed in the vicinity of the second outfall. The use of multiple outfalls, located some distance apart, appears to be more harmful than the use of a single outfall.Trinity Bay, Texas, the site of this investigation, has a mean depth of 2·5 m. The bay water is highly turbid due to the presence of a high concentration of clay-sized particulate material. The brine outfall was located approximately 1 m above the bay bottom. These special conditions undoubtedly contributed significantly to the observed impact of the brine. Therefore, extrapolations from the results of this study to offshore oil production and brine disposal should be made with extreme caution.     

Sewage sludge dumping and contamination of Liverpool Bay sediments

The results of four MAFF surveys (1975–1980) of the sediments in and around the sewage sludge dumping site in Liverpool Bay are presented. Sediments were analysed for particle size distribution, organic carbon concentrations and concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cr. Concentrations of organic carbon and metals were found to be elevated in the fine ( < 90 μm) fraction in areas associated with the major inputs of these substances to the bay—near the mouth of the Mersey, near the sewage sludge dumping site and at the dredged spoil dumping site.In an attempt to determine any temporal trends between surveys, stations were grouped into four 8×8 km areas from offshore of the dumping ground to the mouth of the Mersey. Changes in the metal concentrations in sediments in the square nearest the sewage sludge dumping site were larger than in the other squares including that nearest the Mersey. Comparison of temporal trends near the sewage sludge site with the quantities actually dumped showed a correlation between the two, consistent with sewage sludge dumping being a major contributor to the metal levels in fine sediments near the dumping ground.     

威海双岛湾海域重金属的分布特征及生态风险评价

根据2012年双岛湾海域环境调查资料,研究了海水和表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征以及生态风险。结果显示,双岛湾海域海水中的重金属Cu和Pb在湾中部和湾底的部分站位含量较高,Zn和Cr含量在湾底最高、湾外最低,Cd和Hg在湾底和湾外的含量均高于湾中部,As的分布比较均匀;除Zn和Pb外,其余重金属含量均高于周边其他海域。双岛湾海域沉积物中重金属含量较低,与区域背景值相近,其中重金属Hg和Cd在湾内沉积作用明显,而Cu、Pb和Cr在湾外沉积作用比较明显。相关性分析表明,有机碳含量对双岛湾沉积物中的重金属分布影响不大。生态风险评价结果表明,双岛湾海域海水未受到重金属的污染;表层沉积物中重金属存在中低度的生态风险,具有潜在的不利生物毒性效应,重金属毒性大小依次为Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr=Cd>Zn。