东秦岭松树沟超镁铁岩侵位机制及其构造演化

 东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩主要由镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石组成。镁铁质岩类的Sm-Nd全岩等时年龄为1030±46(2δ)Ma,ε_Nd(t)=+5.7±0.2,代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代。超镁铁质岩石由不同成因的橄榄质糜棱岩和中粗粒橄榄岩组成,橄榄质糜棱岩是地幔橄榄岩经历复杂变形并多次部分熔融的残余体,具LREE亏损特征,其中发育橄榄石高温位错构造和高温组构以及低温位错构造和低温组构。中粗粒橄榄岩具LREE略富集的分布特征,是地幔橄榄岩残余体再次部分熔融熔体分离结晶的产物。野外地质、地球化学、构造变形特征均表明超镁铁岩块是因洋壳俯冲而底辟侵位于上覆玄武岩中的地幔橄榄岩残余体。综合分析认为,松树沟蛇绿岩经历了古陆块裂解或洋脊扩张(1271-1440Ma)-洋壳形成(1030-1271Ma)-洋壳俯冲消减-橄榄岩块底辟侵位(983Ma)-蛇绿岩构造侵位及其后构造变形叠加改造的复杂演化过程。     

东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩中超镁铁质岩及铬铁矿的成因探讨

地质、岩石地球化学及构造变形特征综合研究表明，松树沟超镁铁质岩是底辟侵位于上覆玄武岩中的地幔岩部分熔残余体，该残余体在底辟上过程中发生塑性变形，并再次部分熔融，其残余物为橄榄质糜棱岩，熔体部分形成中粗粒纯橄岩板状或脉状体及其伴生的铬铁矿。     

东秦岭商丹断裂带中松树沟超镁铁质岩系地球化学研究

东秦岭商丹断裂带中松树沟超镁铁质岩体由两类橄榄岩组成。其中,第Ⅱ类橄榄岩的化学成分非常局限,高度富集Co,Cr,Ni,贫乏Ti,V,Cu,Y;亏损不相容元素(K+Na,Al.Sr.Ba.Nd,Ga和REE);稀土元素和同位素特征揭示它代表本区早期地幔分离部分熔融的残余部分,并作为本区元古代洋壳蛇绿岩底部的变质橄榄岩。而第Ⅰ类橄榄岩的岩石化学成分,微量元素和同位素表明,它不与第Ⅱ类橄榄岩同源,属橄榄石堆积晶渣和原生岩浆的混合物,具有洋壳蛇绿岩中堆晶杂岩的性质,两类橄榄岩的成因和演化历史相互独立,通过构造侵位伴生,并共同代表本区元古代洋壳残片。     

东秦岭松树沟超镁铁质岩体地球化学和铂族元素特征: 对成因的指示

商南县松树沟超镁铁质岩体位于秦岭造山带商州—丹凤断裂以北,出露面积超过20 km2,是中国境内出露最大的阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩体,并以侵位方式与秦岭杂岩接触。该岩体主要由细粒纯橄榄岩、中粗粒纯橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩等组成。地球化学特征显示明显亏损特征,同时不相容元素（从Rb到Nb）和LREE等元素相对HREE富集;纯橄榄岩的PGE含量明显低于方辉橄榄岩。与典型蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩对比研究,认为该岩体是经过熔体渗滤过程形成的纯橄榄岩体。     

造山带橄榄岩岩石学与构造过程:以松树沟橄榄岩为例

造山带橄榄岩不仅是地幔地球化学,而且是造山带形成与演化过程研究的主要对象.造山带橄榄岩主要有3种类型:（1）阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩,即岩石圈地幔构造-热侵位就位于造山带浅部地壳的橄榄岩;（2）前期层状基性-超基性堆晶岩经俯冲变质形成的橄榄岩;（3）蛇绿岩型橄榄岩.松树沟糜棱岩化橄榄岩及其相关高级变质岩详细的岩石学和地球化学研究发现这些橄榄岩记录了洋岩石圈形成到角闪岩相变质的全过程.即1 000~800 Ma洋岩石圈形成阶段,主要形成纯橄岩; < 800~500 Ma洋-陆转换即陆岩石圈演化阶段,岩石圈被交代形成大量方辉橄榄岩;500~480 Ma快速深俯冲和榴辉岩相变质阶段;460~335 Ma角闪岩相退变质阶段,此阶段在松树沟橄榄岩中形成大量富镁的直闪石类矿物,包括透闪石、阳起石和镁闪石.由此可见,蛇绿岩型造山带橄榄岩能够记录造山带形成与演化的全过程,通常会经历4个形成和演化阶段:（1）洋岩石圈（蛇绿岩）形成阶段,形成纯榄岩;（2）洋-陆转换阶段,陆岩石圈演化阶段,岩石圈受交代形成方辉橄榄岩;（3）岩石圈深俯冲,榴辉岩相变质;（4）俯冲板片抬升至角闪岩相时退变质,此时在橄榄岩中形成富镁的直闪石类矿物.不同造山带中蛇绿岩型橄榄岩的区别可能只是俯冲深度和退变质程度不同而已.最后,蛇绿岩一定要强调是什么时代的蛇绿岩.同时,造山带进变质作用产物经常会被后期抬升过程中退变质作用彻底改造,这应该引起重视.      

苏北东海超镁铁岩研究

苏北东海超镁铁岩分为南、北两带。北带以变质橄榄岩为主，南带以洋壳堆积超镁铁岩为主，是“肢解的蛇绿岩”。推测蛇绿岩形成于中—新元古代扬子古大陆板块北缘苏北—胶南地体与胶北地体间的洋盆环境。变质橄榄岩为高温超高压下原始地幔岩经中等程度熔融后的残余地幔橄榄岩。堆积超镁铁岩是原始地幔岩部分熔融或岩浆结晶分离的产物，富含石榴石，与榴辉岩块伴生，是在中—新元古代由洋壳向南俯冲消减过程中形成的相对低温超高压变质岩。它们遭受强烈破碎，被挤压到东海岩群下部不同构造层位中，成为东海俯冲带混杂岩中的深源岩块。     

南阿尔金早古生代俯冲碰撞过程中的花岗质岩浆

南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带早古生代存在517、501~496、462~451和426~385 Ma 4个期次的花岗质岩浆岩。第一期岩浆岩早于区内蛇绿岩型镁铁质岩石的形成时间,第一期岩浆岩侵位于区内蛇绿岩型镁铁质岩石之中(≥500 Ma),后三期分别对应于该构造带高压—超高压岩石~500 Ma的峰期变质、及其~450 Ma和~420 Ma的两期退变质时间。结合区域地质背景、镁铁—超美铁质岩和高压—超高压变质作用研究成果综合分析,这四期花岗质岩浆作用的发生分别是南阿尔金早古生代板块俯冲碰撞过程中,先期俯冲洋壳在517 Ma部分熔融、之后陆壳深俯冲导致地壳加厚引发下地壳在~500 Ma部分熔融,以及深俯冲板片断离导致中上地壳在~450 Ma部分熔融和造山后伸展减薄阶段在~420 Ma的部分熔融作用的产物。其中,洋壳型埃达克岩的形成时代(517 Ma)为南阿尔金洋壳俯冲作用时限提供了直接约束,陆壳深俯冲引发的高压-超高压峰期变质时代(~500 Ma)作用滞后这一事件约10 myr,表明南阿尔金早古生代时期由洋壳俯冲转换为陆壳俯冲可能是一个连续的构造演化过程。这四期花岗质岩石与区内蛇绿岩型镁铁—超镁铁质岩石以及高压—超高压变质岩石的形成,共同记录了南阿尔金早古生代时期从大洋俯冲、之后的大陆深俯冲碰撞再到后来深俯冲陆壳折返抬升的完整构造演化过程。     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波MORB型均质辉长岩的大洋核杂岩成因

为解决雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南带中数个大型超镁铁岩体的成因问题,对南带西段约400 km2的东波蛇绿岩开展区域地质填图,研究蛇绿岩岩石组合和构造性质及西北缘均质辉长岩年代学和成因.研究表明,东波蛇绿岩以地幔橄榄岩、薄层洋壳和周缘出露大面积晚侏罗世-早白垩世残余海山为特征,地幔橄榄岩中发育大量拆离、韧性剪切和正断层及糜棱岩和糜棱岩化蛇纹岩和蛇绿角砾岩;均质辉长岩的锆石普遍受到流体交代,锆石U-Pb年龄为129.0±1.8 Ma,地球化学具有低Si、K、P、Fe和Ti,高Ca和Mg,N-MORB型的稀土配分特征及明显的Th、Nb、Sr和Pb负异常.认为均质辉长岩形成于慢速-超慢速大洋扩张阶段,在大洋核杂岩沿拆离断层侵位过程中形成.      

新疆西准噶尔玛依勒蛇绿岩中镁铁-超镁铁质岩的地球化学、年代学及其地质意义

玛依勒蛇绿岩出露于玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩带中,该带位于西准噶尔造山带西南缘,是区内规模较大的一条蛇绿混杂岩带,蛇绿岩中镁铁-超镁铁质岩研究对探讨古亚洲洋古生代构造演化具有重要意义。本文选取玛依勒蛇绿岩中的镁铁-超镁铁质岩进行系统的岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究。结果表明,玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中超镁铁质岩以富集Al_2O_3、CaO为特征,TiO_2含量与俯冲带之上地幔橄榄岩中含量相当,稀土配分曲线为轻稀土富集型,微量元素受蚀变作用影响,呈现出两种不同的曲线特征。镁铁质岩石可分为两组:I组镁铁质岩具有高MgO、低Al_2O_3,LREE轻微富集,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta的特征,形成于消减带相关的岛弧环境;Ⅱ组镁铁质岩具有富碱、TiO_2,且呈LREE显著富集的右倾稀土配分曲线特征,富集大离子亲石元素,Nb、Ta正异常特征,代表了洋盆中海山或洋岛的残片。I组镁铁质岩中两个辉长岩岩块的LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年龄分别为512.1±7.2Ma(MSWD=0.014)和531±12Ma(MSWD=0.17),与巴尔鲁克蛇绿岩、唐巴勒蛇绿岩中镁铁质岩岩块获得的锆石U-Pb年龄相吻合,且这三条蛇绿岩都具有SSZ型蛇绿岩的地球化学特征,可能为不同环境下同一洋盆的演化产物。     

东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩构造变形及其演化

东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩是沿西沟早期韧性剪切带和界岭韧性剪切带构造侵位于早元古代秦岭群变质杂岩南缘之上的蛇绿岩推覆体，主要遭受了４期构造变形，反映蛇绿岩演化过程中四期主要的构造运动，分别为：１０亿年左右上地幔部分熔融残余体──蛇绿橄榄岩块底辟侵位于上覆玄武岩、晋宁期蛇绿岩构造侵位、加里东─早华力西期由南向北的过冲及晚华力西─印支期的左行走滑运动。     

北秦岭松树沟橄榄岩与铬铁矿矿床的成因关系

松树沟橄榄岩体是秦岭造山带中规模最大的赋存铬铁矿床的超基性岩体。松树沟橄榄岩主要由细粒橄榄岩质糜棱岩和中粗粒橄榄岩组成。本文通过对松树沟橄榄岩的岩相学、主微量、稀土元素地球化学的系统研究,认为松树沟细粒方辉橄榄岩为洋脊扩张过程中地幔岩减压-近分离熔融产生的残留体,细粒纯橄岩主要由地幔橄榄岩熔融残留橄榄石、消耗辉石的减压熔融反应:aCpx+bOpx+cSpl=dOl+1Melt生成的橄榄石和少量的地幔方辉橄榄岩残留体组成,但均受到了后期渗滤熔体的再富集作用;中粗粒纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩主要为上述反应产生的渗滤熔体被圈闭在迁移通道或减压扩容带内在热边界层(TBL)通过反应:MeltA=Ol+MeltB冷凝结晶而成,属堆晶橄榄岩。Pb-Sr-Nd同位素地球化学的证据显示,松树沟橄榄岩与基性岩具有共同的地幔源区,二者同为松树沟蛇绿岩的重要组成部分。通过矿床地质特征及铬铁矿电子探针测试研究,认为松树沟铬铁矿床是产于中粗粒堆晶纯橄岩中的层状铬铁矿床,形成于格林威尔期松树沟洋盆的扩张过程中,是中粗粒纯橄岩在热边界层(TBL)的冷凝结晶过程中岩浆分异作用的产物。     

Mylonitized peridotites of Songshugou in the Qinling orogen,central China: A fragment of fossil oceanic lithosphere mantle

The Songshugou mylonitized peridotites within the Qinling Group metamorphic rocks in Central China are distributed in the northern part of the Shang-Dan Suture Zone (SDSZ) and contain abundant dunites and harzburgites. The dunites were intensely deformed and mylonitized converting the coarse-grained type to medium- and fine-grained types which contain prominent lenticular structure and relict olivine (Ol) porphyroclasts. Mineralogical and geochemical compositions suggest that the protoliths of the mylonitized peridotites were coarse-grained peridotites of lithospheric mantle origin. The harzburgites occur as enclaves within mylonitic peridotites in the form of lenses or veins. The orthopyroxenes in harzburgites were formed at the expense of Ol and have similar compositions to those of metasomatized harzburgites, characterized by low Al₂O₃, CaO and Cr₂O₃ contents. The harzburgites exhibit the gently U-type REE patterns with enriched incompatible elements (Rb, Ba, Sr, Zr and Hf), suggesting the metasomatic origin. The obvious ductile deformation of the large porphyroclastic orthopyroxene (Opx) suggests that the metasomatism occurred before the deformation. Ductile shearing deformation is indicated by the small fold structures and net-style ductile shearing zones within the Songshugou peridotite massif. The process is also result in the alignment of elongated Ol grains from initially coarse-granular via porphyroclastic to fine-granular texture. The relatively low Fo olivine, together with high Al₂O₃, and CaO contents and the abnormally low total PGE abundance in the fine-grained dunites suggest the ingress of melt/fluid during the mylonitization. The presences of significant amount of amphibole in the peridotites indicate the ingress of hydrous fluids. In general, the Songshugou peridotites have similar compositional characteristics with peridotites of Oman and Troodos ophiolites which are fragments of oceanic lithosphere mantle. One coarse-grained dunite has a T_RD age of 875 Ma. Additionally two stages Paleozoic T_RD ages are obtained from medium-grained and fine-grained dunites (491 Ma and 550 Ma; 446 Ma and 476 Ma). The broadly coeval nature of mylonitization with progressive metamorphism of surrounding amphibolites suggested that the Songshugou peridotites were generated before the early Paleozoic deformation. Our data, combined with the previous work on the surrounding HP/UHP metamorphic rocks, demonstrate that the Songshugou mylonitized peridotites represent fragments of the Neoproterozoic fossil oceanic lithospheric mantle that experienced extensive deformation during the Early Paleozoic subduction processes.     

A greenstone belt in southeast Tibet: An accreted middle–late Permian oceanic plateau

Studies of accreted oceanic plateau sections provide crucial information on their structures, compositions, and origins. We investigate the petrogenesis of ultramafic–mafic rocks in the Tangjia–Sumdo greenstone belt of southeast Tibet using petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and U-Pb zircon geochronology. These rocks are divided into four groups based on geochemical characteristics that include depleted and tholeiitic mafic rocks, transitional mafic rocks, enriched and alkaline mafic rocks, and picritic ultramafic rocks. Depleted and tholeiitic mafic rocks have the oldest crystallization ages (～272 Ma), followed by picritic ultramafic rocks (～270 Ma), transitional mafic rocks (267–254 Ma), and enriched and alkaline mafic rocks (252–250 Ma). Hafnium and neodymium isotope ratios of depleted and tholeiitic mafic rocks (ε_Hf(t) = +13.1–+16.9; ε_Nd(t) = +6.9–+7.1), transitional mafic rocks (ε_Hf(t) = +1.8–+16.9; ε_Nd(t) = +0.8–+5.5), enriched and alkaline mafic rocks (ε_Hf(t) = +0.5–+5.4; ε_Nd(t) = ?1.5 to +1.9) and picritic ultramafic rocks (ε_Hf(t) = +14.9–+17.2; ε_Nd(t) = +7.8–+9.0) are similar to those of N-MORB, E-MORB, OIB and depleted-type picritic mafic rocks in other oceanic plateaus, respectively. The geochemical characteristics of the depleted and tholeiitic mafic rocks suggest that they formed by partial melting of depleted spinel lherzolite in a mid-ocean ridge setting, whereas the picritic ultramafic rocks suggest a high degree of partial melting of depleted lherzolite in a hot mantle plume head. The transitional mafic rocks formed by partial melting of moderately enriched garnet lherzolite. The youngest rocks (enriched and alkaline mafic rocks) formed by partial melting of a more enriched garnet lherzolite (compared to transitional mafic rocks) at relatively low temperatures. We propose that the depleted and tholeiitic mafic rocks represent normal oceanic crust of the Sumdo Paleo-Tethys Ocean and the transitional mafic rocks, enriched and alkaline mafic rocks and picritic ultramafic rocks are the fragments of the oceanic plateau, which were related to middle–late Permian mantle plume activity in the Sumdo Paleo-Tethys Ocean. We further suggest that the majority of the Tangjia–Sumdo greenstone belt represents a middle–late Permian oceanic plateau that reflects a previously unrecognized middle–late Permian mantle plume.     

西藏西南部休古嘎布蛇绿岩的成因:岩石学和地球化学证据

休古嘎布蛇绿岩块位于雅鲁藏布缝合带(YZSZ)西段,主要由地幔橄榄岩和侵入其中的基性岩墙所组成。基性岩墙具有弧后盆地地球化学亲缘性,其LREE亏损,(La/Yb)N为0.39~0.55;具有明显的Nb、Ti负异常及Sr、Ba正异常。Sr、Nd同位素特征表明它们起源于亏损地幔,并且受到了板片析出流体的影响。4个基性岩墙的Sm-Nd同位素样品获得内部等时线年龄为126.2±9.1Ma(MSWD=0.44)。地幔橄榄岩具有汤勺形和U形两组REE分布型式,显示出不同程度部分熔融和地幔交代作用的特征,具有弧-盆体系地球化学亲缘性。第一组橄榄岩的LREE弱富集或近于平坦,尖晶石的Cr#值低而且变化不大,部分熔融程度较低(15%~20%),可能形成于弧后扩张盆地;第二组橄榄岩的LREE明显富集,尖晶石的Cr#值高而且变化较大(0.4~0.77),部分熔融程度较高(25%~30%),并经历了强烈的交代富集作用,可能与洋内岛弧有关。     

雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩——事实与臆想

位于西藏南部的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩在我国研究程度最高,在国际上也有较高的知名度。该蛇绿岩东西延伸约2000km,代表了印度和亚洲之间消失的新特提斯洋,是确定上述两大板块间缝合线存在的重要岩石学标志。本文根据作者近几年的野外考察,结合前人发表的资料发现,该蛇绿岩有如下方面的重要特点。(1)各蛇绿岩剖面均发育大规模的橄榄岩体,超镁铁岩的分布远远大于镁铁质岩石。这些超镁铁岩体尽管在岩性上以方辉橄榄岩为主,但出现大量二辉橄榄岩;(2)镁铁质堆晶辉长岩不发育;(3)不存在席状辉绿岩墙群,取而代之的是顺层侵入在橄榄岩中的辉长岩-辉绿岩岩席。部分情况下,辉绿岩还侵入到玄武岩之中;(4)蛇绿岩上部发育有一定厚度的玄武岩,但玄武岩与橄榄岩之间经常被辉绿岩席所占据,部分情况下玄武岩与橄榄岩直接接触。(5)地幔橄榄岩与镁铁质岩石在Sr-Nd同位素和形成时代上存在显著差别;(6)辉长岩与辉绿岩形成在120~130Ma的狭窄时间段内,并具有类似亏损地幔的地球化学特点。上述资料表明,雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩中的超镁铁岩和镁铁质岩形成于不同时代,且在成因上不具任何联系。根据这些资料,本文提出,该区蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩可能为大陆岩石圈地幔。早白垩世期间,北侧亚洲大陆南缘位置的岩石圈由于拉张而使深部岩石圈地幔物质向上剥露。随着岩石圈拆离和减薄的不断进行,软流圈地幔发生减压熔融,形成目前见到的玄武岩和辉长-辉绿岩席。在拉张作用的高峰期,早期亏损的大陆岩石圈地幔在经历交代作用后发生部分熔融形成少量玻安质熔体。因此,雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩并不能代表新特提斯大洋,它与经典的蛇绿岩定义相差甚远。考虑镁铁质岩石发育有限的特点,雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩代表了一种超慢速扩张的洋盆形成环境,其扩张速率甚至慢于目前广为人知的西Alps地区。根据全球蛇绿岩的情况,该蛇绿岩可被定义为日喀则型,是目前超慢速扩张洋盆的端元代表。     

Geochemical Features, Age, and Tectonic Significance of the Kekekete Mafic-ultramafic Rocks, East Kunlun Orogen, China

The Kekekete mafic-ultramafic rocks are exposed in the Kekesha-Kekekete-Dawate area,which are in the eastern part of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt.It outcrops as tectonic slices intruding tectonically in the Paleoproterozoic Baishahe Group and the Paleozoic Nachitai Group.The Kekekete mafic and ultramafic rocks is located near the central fault in East Kunlun and lithologically mainly consists of serpentinite,augite peridotite,and gabbro.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the gabbro is 501±7 Ma,indicating that Kekekete mafic-ultramafic rocks formed in the Middle Cambrian.This rock assemblage is relatively poor in SiO2 and(Na2 O+K2 O) but rich in MgO and SFeO.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the gabbro dip slightly to the right;the primitive mantle and MORBnormalized spidergrams of trace elements show enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements(Cs,Rb,Ba,etc.) and no differentiation of high field strength elements.The general dominance of E-MORB features and the geochemical characteristics of OIB suggest that the Kekekete mafic-ultramafic rocks formed in an initial oceanic basin with slightly enriched mantle being featured by varying degrees of mixing of N-MORB depleted mantle and a similar-OIB-type source.From a comprehensive study of the previous data,the author believes that the tectonic history of the East Kunlun region was controlled by a geodynamic system of rifting and extension in the late stages of the Neoproterozoic to early stages of the Early Paleozoic and this formed the paleo-oceanic basin or rift system now represented by the ophiolites along the central fault in East Kunlun,the Kekekete mafic-ultramafic rocks and Delisitan ophiolite.     

Mantle fragments in the Scandinavian caledonides

Mantle fragments of ultramafic composition are widespread in the Scandinavian Caledonides (SC). Lenses and boudins of Alpine-type peridotites in the Scandinavian Caledonides represent parts of dismembered ophiolite sequences and fragments of sub-continental upper mantle. Metaperidotites of nappes in internal positions are generally isofacial with the metamorphic envelope, usually Caledonian metasediments but in places also Precambrian metagranitoids forming the basement cores of the nappes. Caledonian metamorphism strongly modified the texture and mineralogy of the peridotites and resulted in a systematic metamorphic pattern which is consistent with the pattern observed in the envelope.

Metaperidotites of the external massifs display at least a two-stage metamorphic history: an early Caledonian high-pressure high-temperature phase related to early crustal stacking and a late Caledonian regional metamorphic overprint which produced a regular Barrovian-type metamorphic pattern of in-situ metamorphism.

Metaperidotites from nappes in intermediate positions (Iapetus Ocean ophiolites and ultramafic rocks from island arc environments) show strongly diverging histories. Metaperidotites from internal ophiolites (oceanic ophiolites, Köli) lack any evidence of subduction metamorphism, are serpentinized to various degrees, show abundant primary mantle relic mineralogies and the Caledonian metamorphic overprint is low. Metaperidotites from external (island arc) ophiolites and other associations (Seve) often show relic high-pressure metamorphism related to the Finnmarkian phase of the Caledonian orogeny. The Seve metaperidotites are occasionally associated with eclogites and show a weak overprint of late Caledonian regional metamorphism. Alpine-type peridotites are absent in the foreland of the Baltic Shield and in the innermost nappes (Lofoten).

The metamorphic characteristics and evolution recorded by the metaperidotites in the Scandinavian Caledonides allow a general reconstruction of the dynamics of collision belt formation.     

Age and nature of the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Yilashan area,Bangong–Nujiang suture zone,central Tibet: implications for petrogenesis and tectonic Evolution

The Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Yilashan mafic–ultramafic complex is located in the middle part of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, central Tibet. It features a mantle sequence composed of peridotites and a crustal sequence composed of cumulate peridotites and gabbros that are intruded by diabases with some basalts. This article presents new whole-rock geochemical and geochronological data for peridotites, gabbros, diabases and basalts to revisit the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Yilashan mafic–ultramafic complex. Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb ages of three diabase samples are 169.6 ± 3.3 Ma, 132.5 ± 2.5 Ma, and 133.6 ± 4.9 Ma, respectively. These ages together with previous studies indicate that the Yilashan mafic–ultramafic complex probably formed during the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The peridotites exhibit nearly U-shaped REE patterns and are distinct from abyssal peridotites. The diabase and basalt samples show arc features with selective enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g. Rb, U, and Sr) and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g. Nb, Ta, and Ti). The gabbro samples display cumulate features with selective enrichment in LILEs (e.g. Rb, Ba, and Sr) but depletion in LREEs and HFSEs (e.g. Nb, Zr, and Ti). Combing the positive ε_Nd(t) values (+6.1 to +10.0) and negative zircon ε_Hf(t) values (–16.5 to –11.7 and –13.6 to –0.4) with older Hf model ages for the mafic rocks, these signatures suggest that the Yilashan mafic and ultramafic rocks likely originated from an ancient lithospheric mantle source with the addition of asthenospheric mantle materials and subducted fluids coupled with limited crustal contamination in a continental arc setting as a result of the southward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethys Ocean beneath the Lhasa terrane during the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous.