赣北前震旦纪微古植物群组合特征及地质意义

在赣北前寒武纪变质地层中，发现了三套微古植物群，每套微古植物群的种属数量，所占比例，膜壳轮廓形态，纹蚀结构，个体大小等组合特征，均有着显著的差异。第一套微古植物群组合最为原始，所代表的地层时代属早元古代晚期，第二套微古植物群组合比第一套演化程度较高，所代表的地层时代属中元古代。     

中国二叠纪植物群与地层分区的关系

中国二叠纪分布着安格拉植物群、华夏植物群和冈瓦纳植物群。三个植物在地地层中的分布是受古地理模式控制的，安格拉植物群沿北部边缘地层区，塔里木地层区展布；冈瓦纳植物群仅见于喜马拉雅地层区；华夏植物物群分布在华北地层区和华南地层区。三个植物群常混生有欧美植物群的分子。在植物群与地层分区关系的基础上，探讨了中国二叠纪植物群古气候特征。     

冀西北早侏罗世晚期植物化石

本文论述了冀西北赋存于中生代早侏罗世地层中的植物组合，它由１６属２７种植物组成，特点是苏铁类占优势，时代早侏罗世晚期－托阿尔期，并且和赋存于内蒙古早侏罗世地层五当沟组、山西早侏罗世地层永定庄组的植物组合相似，同属西伯利亚区中国北方省，为较干热的亚热带气候。     

扬子地台前寒武纪—寒武纪果线地层的微体植物化石群

前寒武纪－寒纪界线地层在扬子地台发育良好，分布广泛，并有包括微体植物群、海藻、瓶原生物、具硬体动物及‘澄江动物群’等化石的发现。因而，扬子地台成为研究前寒武纪－寒武纪界线生物地层的代表地区之一。基于对扬子地台前寒武纪－寒武纪界地地层已知微体植物化石纪录的回顾和论定，总结概括了下寒武统微体植物化石组合：寒武系最底部硅质磷块岩中的Ｍｉｃｒｈｙｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ－Ｐａｒａｃｙｍａｔｉｏｓｐｈａｅｒａ－Ｍｅ     

内蒙古平庄盆地早白垩世植物群性质及特征

内蒙古平庄煤田是我国东北部主要含煤盆地之一,盆地内植物化石丰富,本文报道了平庄盆地含煤地层的植物化石25属38种,对其性质、特征及分布进行了讨论,对平庄植物群的苏铁类、银杏类和松柏类做了角质层研究。该植物群主要由真蕨类、苏铁类、茨康叶类、银杏类和松柏类组成,即没有侏罗纪古老残存分子,也没有出现被子植物,以松柏类、银杏类最为丰富,而苏铁类、本内苏铁类极度贫乏。该植物群与中国东北早白垩世含煤沉积及相关地层中的植物组合可比较,与西伯利亚、北美、日本早白垩世植物群亦十分接近。根据植物群的性质和特征及结合相关地层中的植物群进行了对比,认为平庄含煤盆地植物群的时代为早白垩世早期,当时该区可能地处北半球的暖温带,该项研究对恢复该区的古地理,古气候,古环境及成煤规律提供了可靠的有关古生物学依据。     

皖西白大山群的发现及其地质意义

皖、豫交界的白大山－茶庵一带，出露一套碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩地层，以往被置于青白口系八公山群。近期笔者等赴该地再次进行了调查和研究，结果发现该群地层组合内含有大量球藻类和植物碎片化石，这些微古植物分子在国内外多见于下古生代。并从岩石组合特征对比分析，认为该套地层属志留－泥盆系的可能性最大。对这套地层及微古植物的发现，具有两方面重要的地质意义：１．过去对华北地台南缘从未见有这个时代地层的报导，这就为该区地层填补了一个空白；２．从已采获的微古植物组合及岩性组合特征等分析，这有可能对华北地台南缘的岩相古地理图及地史发展等问题，进行一些必要的改写与补充。     

漠河盆地额木尔河群古植物群研究

首次对研究区额木尔河群的古植物群进行了系统分析与研究。古植物群的组成主要为蕨类植物与裸子植物,其中蕨类植物主要包括真蕨植物门与楔叶植物门,共计8属15种;裸子植物包括银杏植物门、苏铁植物门及松柏植物门,共计15属29种,并阐述了各植物门的主要组成特征。额木尔河群的植物化石组合具有以下特征:(1)Coniopteris的分异度和丰度均较高;(2)产有中侏罗世较为典型分子Coniopteris burejensis与Eboracia lobifolia;(3)Coniopteris、Cladophlebis、Eboracia的共同大量出现为本区古植物群的主要特征。上述特征表明,该古植物群应该划归到Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis植物群的晚期组合,其时代为中侏罗世。通过对研究区额木尔河群古植物群在纵向上的分布以及植物化石组合特征的综合分析,将Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis植物群晚期组合进一步划分为3个亚组合,即绣峰组中的Coniopteris-Nilssonia亚组合、二十二站组中的Coniopteris-Czekanowskia亚组合、漠河组—开库康组中的Coniopteris burejensis-Cladophlebis cf.asiatica亚组合。本研究不仅丰富了研究区生物地层资料,确定额木尔河群的地质时代,更重要的是解决了目前研究区天然气水合物勘探的基础地质问题。     

湖北房县梅花山志留系微体植物化石新发现及地层意义

文章报道了在湖产房县梅花山一带山露的一套浅变质地层中首次发现较多的微体植物化石，据其组合特征及区域对比，大致确定了它的形成时代为早志留世。这些发现不但丰富了该区志留纪古生物资料，而且为其时代归属提供了较可靠的依据。     

华北晚前寒武纪（中、新元古代）岩石地层单位及多重划分对比

晚前寒武纪地层是华北早前寒武纪褶皱变质基底之上的第一套沉积盖层。主要发育和分布于华北晚前寒武纪的一些裂谷系－裂陷槽中，但各地沉积开始时间不一，后期遭受剥蚀程度不一。长期以来在地层划分、岩石地层命名、使用及年代属性上认识不统一，在一些地区认识分岐很大。笔者在岩石地层单位、地质特征认识的基础上，进行了全区（群、组）统一对比，明确了可作为华北晚前寒武纪沉积序列的代表性岩石地层单位及岩石组合特征；并介绍晚前寒武纪叠层石组合、微古植物特征性分子和已发现的宏观藻类和后生动物，论述了层型所在地区年代地层划分及层型以外各地层分区岩石地层单位年代属性的确定依据。     

青海茫崖地区中—下侏罗统植物化石与时代讨论

青海茫崖地区侏罗系是柴达木盆地北缘含煤岩系的西北延伸部分,地处阿尔金山南麓山前坳陷.青海省煤田地质区划将其称为格斯煤田,中一下侏罗统是本区唯一的含煤地层.对植物化石组合1及植物化石组合2进行了种属和组合特征分析研究,通过与邻区生物地层的对比分析,植物化石组合1与枝脉蕨顶峰带(Cladophlebis Acme Zone)植物组合类似,时代大体相当于普林斯巴赫期.植物化石组合2与锥叶蕨顶峰带(Coniopteris Acme Zone)可进行对比,地质时代为巴柔—巴通期.通过对茫崖地区基本地层层序与植物化石组合的分析研究,进一步对该区成煤地质时代进行了讨论.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)