Isotopic Geochronology of the Late Paleozoic Kanggur Gold Deposit of East Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, NW China

Abstract: The Kanggur gold deposit lies in East Tianshan mountains, eastern section of Central Asia orogenic belt. The gold mineralization occurs on the northern margin of the Aqishan‐Yamansu Paleozoic island arc in the Tarim Plate. It was hosted mainly in Middle‐Lower Carboniferous calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks, and controlled by the distributions of syn‐tectonic intrusions and ductile shear zones. In order to determine ore‐forming age of the Kanggur deposit, samples were collected from ores, wall rocks, altered rocks and intrusions. The dating methods include Rb‐Sr isochron and Sm‐Nd isochron, and secondly ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectrum, U‐Pb and Pb‐Pb methods. Based on the mineral assemblage and crosscutting relationship of ore veins, five mineralization stages are identified. This result is confirmed by isotope geochronologic data. The first stage featuring formation of pyrite‐bearing phyllic rock, is mineralogically represented by pyrite, sericite and quartz with poor native gold. The Rb‐Sr isochron age of this stage is 2905 Ma. The second stage represents the main ore‐forming stage and is characterized by native gold–quartz–pyrite–magnetite–chlorite assemblage. Magnetite and pyrite of this stage are dated by Sm‐Nd isochron at 290.47.2 Ma and fluid inclusion in quartz is dated by Rb‐Sr isochron at 282.35 Ma. The third mineralization stage features native gold–quartz–pyrite vein. In the fourth stage, Au‐bearing polymetallic sulfide‐quartz veins formed. Fluid inclusions in quartz are dated by Rb‐Sr isochron method at 25821 Ma. The fifth stage is composed of sulfide‐free quartz–carbonate veins with Rb‐Sr age of 2547 Ma. The first and second stages are related to ductile‐brittle deformation of shear zones, and are named dynamo‐metamorphic hydrothermal period. The third to fifth stages related to intrusive processes of tonalite and brittle fracturing of the shear zones, are called magmato‐hydrothermal mineralization period. The Rb‐Sr isochron age of 2905 Ma of the altered andesite in the Kanggur mine area may reflect timing of regional ductile shear zone. The Rb‐Sr isochron age of 28216 Ma of the quartz‐syenite porphyry and the zircon U‐Pb age of 2757 Ma of tonalite in the north of Kanggur gold mine area are consistent with the age of gold mineralization (290‐254 Ma). This correspondence indicates that the tonalite and subvolcanic rocks may have been related to gold mineralization. The Rb–Sr, Sm‐Nd and U‐Pb ages and regional geology support the hypothesis that the Kanggur gold deposit was formed during collisional orogenesis process in Late Variscan.     

铧厂沟金矿床地质特征及控矿冈素分析

铧厂沟金矿床位于勉－略－宁三角地带成矿有利部位。矿区出露中下泥盆统三河口群和中上元古界碧口群。矿床内发育的韧性剪切带经历了右行（韧性）－左行（韧脆性）－右行（脆性）多期（次）活动矿化受透镜状细碧岩控制,分布于韧性剪切带之中。矿体蚀变强烈,新生矿物定向排列,脉体中矿物具亚颗粒、变形纹、变形条带等料内变形特征。同位素地球化学及稀土分析结果表明,基性火山岩是金的矿源层。金矿的形成富集与韧性剪切带多期（次     

Au–Ag–Te Mineralization of the Low‐Sulfidation Epithermal Aginskoe Deposit,Central Kamchatka,Russia

Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te₂ values ?9 and at log fS₂ ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system.     

Genesis of the Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit,Tibet: Evidence from Fluid Inclusion,Stable Isotopes,and Ar-Ar Geochronology

The Bangbu gold deposit is a large orogenic gold deposit in Tibet formed during the AlpineHimalayan collision. Ore bodies(auriferous quartz veins) are controlled by the E-W-trending Qusong-Cuogu-Zhemulang brittle-ductile shear zone. Quartz veins at the deposit can be divided into three types: pre-metallogenic hook-like quartz veins, metallogenic auriferous quartz veins, and postmetallogenic N-S quartz veins. Four stages of mineralization in the auriferous quartz veins have been identified:(1) Stage S1 quartz+coarse-grained sulfides,(2) Stage S2 gold+fine-grained sulfides,(3) Stage S3 quartz+carbonates, and(4) Stage S4 quartz+ greigite. Fluid inclusions indicate the oreforming fluid was CO_2-N_2-CH_4 rich with homogenization temperatures of 170–261°C, salinities 4.34–7.45 wt% Na Cl equivalent. δ~(18)Ofluid(3.98‰–7.18‰) and low δDV-SMOW(-90‰ to-44‰) for auriferous quartz veins suggest ore-forming fluids were mainly metamorphic in origin, with some addition of organic matter. Quartz vein pyrite has δ~(34)SV-CDT values of 1.2‰–3.6‰(an average of 2.2‰), whereas pyrite from phyllite has δ~(34)SV-CDT 5.7‰–9.9‰(an average of 7.4‰). Quartz vein pyrites yield 206Pb/204 Pb ratios of 18.662–18.764, 207Pb/204 Pb 15.650–15.683, and ~(208)Pb/204 Pb 38.901–39.079. These isotopic data indicate Bangbu ore-forming materials were probably derived from the Langjiexue accretionary wedge. 40Ar/39 Ar ages for sericite from auriferous sulfide-quartz veins yield a plateau age of 49.52 ± 0.52 Ma, an isochron age of 50.3 ± 0.31 Ma, suggesting that auriferous veins were formed during the main collisional period of the Tibet-Himalayan orogen(~65–41 Ma).     

Gold-Related Sulfide Mineralization and Ore Genesis of the Penjom Gold Deposit, Pahang, Malaysia

The Penjom gold deposit lies on the eastern side of the Raub‐Bentong Suture line within the Central Belt of Permo‐Triassic rocks, near Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia. The geology of the deposit is dominated by a sequence of fine‐ to coarse‐grained rhyolitic to rhyodacitic tuff, tuff‐breccia and a minor rhyolitic–rhyodacitic volcanic series, associated with argillaceous marine sedimentary rocks consisting of shale with subordinate shalely limestone of Padang Tungku Formation and Pahang Volcanic Series. Fine‐ to coarse‐grained tonalite and quartz porphyry intruded this unit. The main structural features of the area are north–south‐trending left‐lateral strike‐slip faults and their subsidiaries, which generally strike north–south and dip moderately to the east (350°–360°/40°–60°). Mineralization at the Penjom gold deposit is structurally controlled and also erratic laterally and vertically. The gold mineralization can be categorized as (i) gold associated with carbonate‐rich zones hosted within dilated quartz veins carrying significant amount of sulfides; (ii) gold disseminated within stockwork of quartz–carbonate veins affiliated with tonalite; and (iii) gold often associated with arsenopyrite and pyrite in quartz–carbonate veins and stringers hosted within shear zones of brittle–ductile nature in all rock types and in brittle fractured rhyodacitic volcanic rocks. Sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite and pyrrhotite are the minerals accompanying the early stage of gold mineralization. These minerals also suffered from local brittle deformation. However, most of the gold mineralization took place after the deposition of these sulfides. Galena appears somewhat towards the end of gold mineralization, whereas tellurium and bismuth accompanied gold contemporaneously. The gold mineralization occurred most probably due to the metamorphogenic deformational origin concentrated mostly in the shear zone. The mineralization is strongly controlled by the wall rock (e.g. graphitic shale), the sulfide minerals and fluid–rock interaction.     

甘肃李坝金矿围岩蚀变与金成矿关系

西秦岭地区是目前国内造山型和卡林型金矿找矿的热点地区之一,已发现的甘肃李坝造山型金矿为超大型规模。以李坝金矿6号矿带为例,系统地研究了其蚀变矿物组合、近矿围岩蚀变分带及相应的金矿化特征,总结了矿床(带)的蚀变分带模式。该模式具典型的中心式环带结构,可分为3个蚀变带,由中心向外依次为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云母化带和绿泥石化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿+绢云母+石英±毒砂±白云母±电气石±方解石、绢云母+绿泥石+石英+黄铁矿±黑云母及绿泥石+黑云母±绢云母±黄铁矿;与这3个蚀变带相对应的是金的富集带、矿化带和无矿带。蚀变岩石物质组分迁移分析表明,围岩蚀变及其分带是热水流体/岩石反应时岩石化学组分发生迁移的结果,矿化伴随着蚀变发生,且金矿化与黄铁矿化和浸染状硅化关系最为密切。     

中国南天山萨恨托亥-大山口成矿带韧性剪切带与金成矿作用

以南天山中段萨恨托亥-大山口成矿带内控矿韧性剪切带为例,对韧性剪切带的金成矿作用进行了初步探讨.通过对地质体的构造变形特点、变形演化过程的分析表明,韧性剪切带的构造属性控制了金矿的产状及规模,金矿化阶段与韧性剪切带的变形演化过程密切相关.矿化类型、矿化强度及矿化方式受韧性剪切带发展阶段制约,剪切带内物质组分迁移变化揭示出韧性剪切带与金在剪切带内的迁移富集、沉淀成矿的内在联系.韧性剪切带成矿作用是南天山成矿带中段重要的金矿成矿作用.     

Gold Mineralization of the Gatsuurt Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia

Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t^?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO₂‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO₂‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit.     

后龙门山造山带辛家咀金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

辛家咀金矿床位于后龙门山造山带北东段,是2020年新发现的一个金矿床(年度金资源量约960 kg),找矿潜力巨大.基于详细的野外露头、探槽、钻孔编录和镜下观察,发现辛家咀金矿床中矿石类型以石英脉型为主,金主要以裂隙金和包裹金的形式赋存于黄铁矿、石英和少量多金属硫化物中.结合脉体穿插关系、矿物共生组合和矿石组构,将辛家咀...     

湖南符竹溪金矿床多因复成模式及其找矿意义

符竹溪金矿床的形成,历经长期多阶段成矿演化,具有典型的多因复成模式特征,既具多阶段多来源多成因复合叠加成矿特点,又有主阶段主来源主成因成矿特色。主成矿作用为中低温热液成因,成矿热液和驱动力是中生代地洼阶段构造-岩浆活化作用,与脆-韧性剪切带及花岗斑岩的活动有密切时空联系,从而得出四阶段多因复成的成矿模式。据此成矿模式找矿和成矿预测,获得显著的找矿效果。在矿区深部,边部和外围找到了新矿体,扩大了矿床规模,解除了矿山资源危机。     

Geochronology of Gold Deposits and Its Implication for Metallogenesis in the Fengxian-Lixian Area, Qinling Orogenic Belt, China

Abstract: A series of super large‐scale and large‐scale Pb and Zn, and Au deposits are distributed in the Qinling orogenic belt, China. Gold deposits were generally ascribed to Carlin‐type originated from circular meteoric water. Visible and coarse‐grained gold (up to over 3mm in grain size) was recently identified in some gold deposits in the Fengxian‐Lixian area, Qinling. Au‐bearing quartz lodes related to magmatism were discovered in the Xiaogouli gold deposit. Two types of Au‐bearing quartz veins, i.e., NW‐trending quartz veins and NE‐trending quartz veins cutting strata are widely present in the Baguamiao gold deposit. Both are spatially associated with each other. The former is generally snake–like, S‐shape or zigzag, which was resulted from plastic deformation by ductile shearing, being generally cut by the latter. The latter is generally linear with widely developed bleaching alteration zones in its adjacent wall rocks, which symbolizes the superimposition of brittle deformation and filling and metasomatism of magmatic hydrothermal solution in ductile shear zones after uplifting of the shear zones near the surface. The NW‐trending quartz veins contain Au of lower than 3ppm. The NE‐trending quartz veins contain Au of more than 3 ppm, so that NE‐trending quartz veins and the adjoining altered rocks are important ores. The NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 210.61.26 to 232.581.59 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., late Indosinian epoch (Triassic). The NE‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 131.910.89 to 197.451.13 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., Yanshanian epoch (Jurassic). The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age of the NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz veins represents the age of the ductile shear formation. The isotope data of the NE‐trending quartz veins indicate that gold mineralization was closely related to Indosinian and Yanshanian granite intrusives not only in time and space, but also in origin.     

华北克拉通和西澳克拉通金矿床对比研究及其对中国金矿勘查的启示

华北克拉通固结时间较晚,活动性较强,金矿床赋矿围岩以中深变质的镁铁质岩石和花岗岩类岩石为主,大规模金矿床一般产在韧、脆性剪切叠加的构造带中,成矿时代在188~46Ma之间.西澳克拉通固结较早,稳定性较好,金矿床主要产在太古宙花岗岩-绿岩地体中,一般产在韧-脆性剪切过渡带或叠加的构造带中,金矿化年龄在2640~2600Ma之间.华北克拉通金矿床比西澳金矿床形成晚,受剥蚀程度低,许多矿床尚未出露地表,在深部寻找盲矿体前景可观.     

鄂西北竹山银洞沟银金矿床构造控矿特征

银洞沟银金矿床位于扬子地台北缘武当推覆体西部,产于武当群变火山岩组与变沉积岩组间的顺层型韧性剪切带中,与构造变形密切相关。晋宁期的伸展作用产生了顺层型韧性剪切带,韧性变形变质作用促使原岩中银金等贵金属、多金属元素活化迁移,随剪切变形变质热液在强应变带中沉淀,形成初始矿源层。印支期的陆陆碰撞作用,促成不同层次面型剪切带岩石褶皱、韧脆性推覆,成矿元素从初始矿源层中再次活化、运移,随着沿褶皱轴面劈理发育的烟灰色糜棱岩化石英脉的形成,沉淀富集于石英脉中,形成银金矿床。脆性变形的叠加,使含矿石英脉产生扭动,促使成矿元素的局部富集,形成透镜状或板状矿体。成矿元素的垂直分带是由构造环境的变化导致成矿元素的叠生作用而形成的。多硅白云母及白云母年龄的测定表明该矿床的成矿期为印支期。     

新疆奇台地区双泉金矿床的成矿时代

新疆奇台县双泉金矿床位于东准噶尔地区,成矿带划分属卡拉麦里-达尔布特成矿带（Ⅲ级成矿带）之卡拉麦里-莫钦乌拉成矿带（Ⅳ级成矿带）,是新疆重要的金-多金属成矿带。对双泉金矿蚀变矿物绢云母、含金石英脉进行了激光（单颗粒全熔样法）显微探针40Ar/39Ar同位素研究,3个绢云母样品等时线年龄分别为269Ma±9Ma、265Ma±2Ma、260 Ma±4Ma;石英样品等时线年龄为269Ma±8Ma。这些结果表明双泉金矿主成矿期成矿时代为269Ma±9Ma～260Ma±4Ma。东准噶尔地区早石炭世初至晚二叠世大规模陆陆碰撞造山及其后的伸展张弛构造运动期间,发生了2次大规模的构造流体热事件,同位素年龄记录的时间分别约为310Ma和260～270Ma。前者代表早期韧性构造变形期间产生变质流体并初始富集Au元素的时间,地球动力学背景为碰撞造山后期的挤压推覆体系;后者代表本区金矿主成矿期成矿作用发生的时间,是控矿断裂构造脆性变形的时间,地球动力学背景为碰撞造山期后的伸展张弛体系。     

The Arinem Te‐Bearing Gold‐Silver‐Base Metal Deposit,West Java,Indonesia

The vein system in the Arinem area is a gold‐silver‐base metal deposit of Late Miocene (8.8–9.4 Ma) age located in the southwestern part of Java Island, Indonesia. The mineralization in the area is represented by the Arinem vein with a total length of about 5900 m, with a vertical extent up to 575 m, with other associated veins such as Bantarhuni and Halimun. The Arinem vein is hosted by andesitic tuff, breccia, and lava of the Oligocene–Middle Miocene Jampang Formation (23–11.6 Ma) and overlain unconformably by Pliocene–Pleistocene volcanic rocks composed of andesitic‐basaltic tuff, tuff breccia and lavas. The inferred reserve is approximately 2 million tons at 5.7 g t^?1 gold and 41.5 g t^?1 silver at a cut‐off of 4 g t^?1 Au, which equates to approximately 12.5t of Au and 91.4t of Ag. The ore mineral assemblage of the Arinem vein consists of sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite with small amounts of pyrrhotite, argentite, electrum, bornite, hessite, tetradymite, altaite, petzite, stutzite, hematite, enargite, tennantite, chalcocite, and covellite. These ore minerals occur in quartz with colloform, crustiform, comb, vuggy, massive, brecciated, bladed and calcedonic textures and sulfide veins. A pervasive quartz–illite–pyrite alteration zone encloses the quartz and sulfide veins and is associated with veinlets of quartz–calcite–pyrite. This alteration zone is enveloped by smectite–illite–kaolinite–quartz–pyrite alteration, which grades into a chlorite–smectite–kaolinite–calcite–pyrite zone. Early stage mineralization (stage I) of vuggy–massive–banded crystalline quartz‐sulfide was followed by middle stage (stage II) of banded–brecciated–massive sulfide‐quartz and then by last stage (stage III) of massive‐crystalline barren quartz. The temperature of the mineralization, estimated from fluid inclusion microthermometry in quartz ranges from 157 to 325°C, whereas the temperatures indicated by fluid inclusions from sphalerite and calcite range from 153 to 218 and 140 to 217°C, respectively. The mineralizing fluid is dilute, with a salinity <4.3 wt% NaCl equiv. The ore‐mineral assemblage and paragenesis of the Arinem vein is characteristically of a low sulfidation epithermal system with indication of high sulfidation overprinted at stage II. Boiling is probably the main control for the gold solubility and precipitation of gold occurred during cooling in stage I mineralization.     

亦论韧性剪切变形与金的成矿作用——与邵世才《试论韧性剪切变形与金的成矿》一文的讨论

剪切带型金矿是一种重要的金矿类型.韧性-超韧性深层次剪切变形是促使Au元素活化分异、形成动力变质含金热液的过程,中浅层次的韧脆性、脆性剪切变形区是Au元素聚集成矿部位.韧脆性剪切带的不同变形层次及其构造岩类型决定了剪切带型金矿床的矿化类型.剪切带型金矿床往往具有成矿时代滞后、空间规模差异、物源指示差异、韧性变形强度与Au元素含量反相关等异常特征.长期演化的造山带附近及边缘是寻找大型剪切带型金矿床的有利地区.     

The Crater Mountain Deposit,Papua New Guinea: Porphyry‐related Au–Te System

Ore mineralization and wall rock alteration of Crater Mountain gold deposit, Papua New Guinea, were investigated using ore and host rock samples from drill holes for ore and alteration mineralogical study. The host rocks of the deposit are quartz‐feldspar porphyry, feldspar‐hornblende porphyry, andesitic volcanics and pyroclastics, and basaltic‐andesitic tuff. The main ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and moderate amounts of tetrahedrite, tennantite, pyrrhotite, bornite and enargite. Small amounts of enargite, tetradymite, altaite, heyrovskyite, bismuthinite, bornite, idaite, cubanite, native gold, CuPbS₂, an unidentified Bi‐Te‐S mineral and argentopyrite occur as inclusions mainly in pyrite veins and grains. Native gold occurs significantly in the As‐rich pyrite veins in volcanic units, and coexists with Bi‐Te‐S mineral species and rarely with chalcopyrite and cubanite relics. Four mineralization stages were recognized based on the observations of ore textures. Stage I is characterized by quartz‐sericite‐calcite alteration with trace pyrite and chalcopyrite in the monomict diatreme breccias; Stage II is defined by the crystallization of pyrite and by weak quartz‐chlorite‐sericite‐calcite alteration; Stage III is a major ore formation episode where sulfides deposited as disseminated grains and veins that host native gold, and is divided into three sub‐stages; Stage IV is characterized by predominant carbonitization. Gold mineralization occurred in the sub‐stages 2 and 3 in Stage III. The fS₂ is considered to have decreased from ～10^?2 to 10^?14 atm with decreasing temperature of fluid.     

“三位一体”找矿模型在金矿勘查中的应用——以陕西省汉阴县坝王沟金矿为例

采用研究成矿地质作用确定成矿地质体、研究成矿构造分析矿体空间分布特征、研究成矿流体确定找矿方向的"三位一体"研究方法,对陕西汉阴坝王沟金矿进行找矿预测,认为矿区成矿地质体以大型脆-韧性剪切带变形构造为主;成矿构造为脆韧性剪切带转换带、叠加带;成矿结构面主要为S-C面理;成矿作用特征标志为黑云母变斑晶绢云石英片岩+变砂岩或硅质岩。利用找矿预测研究成果,在坝王沟金矿预测了有利成矿地段并提出勘查工作部署建议,找矿成果取得较大突破,表明"三位一体"找矿预测方法对开展矿产勘查工作有很强的指导意义。      

陕西省铧厂沟金矿围岩蚀变和元素迁移特征

陕西省铧厂沟金矿床位于勉略缝合带以南,矿体受控于近东西向逆冲断层和韧脆性剪切带。本文以细碧岩矿带为例,系统研究了围岩蚀变分带及蚀变矿物组合,总结了矿床的蚀变分带模式。围岩蚀变以穿切细碧岩透镜体的剪切带为中心向外依次可划分为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云碳酸盐化带和绿泥赤铁矿化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿＋铁白云石＋铬云母＋绢云母＋钠长石＋石英＋方解石、铁白云石＋绢云母＋钠长石＋石英±黄铁矿、（铁）绿泥石＋钠长石＋铁白云石＋赤铁矿＋钛铁氧化物＋石英±绿帘石。蚀变岩石组分迁移分析表明,在围岩蚀变过程中, SiO2、Na2O、Fe2O3T、MgO与Y等组分发生不同程度的迁出, K2O、CaO、Ba、Rb、Sr、Cr、Cu、Pb和挥发组分等迁入,并以黄铁绢英岩化带最为显著。金在成矿流体中以Au（HS）–2络合物迁移,成矿流体与富铁细碧岩之间的反应是金沉淀重要机制。     

新疆萨日达拉金矿地质特征及成因探讨

萨日达拉金矿是新近发现的一个成矿机制和控矿因素都与韧性剪切带密切相关的金矿床，具有独特的成矿特征。文章对萨日达拉金矿的地质特征和作用特征进行了较系统的研究，结合矿区不同岩石的痕量金、自然金和硫化物的成分及硫化物的硫同位素、铅同位素测试结果，对矿床的形成过程进行了详细讨论。研究表明，萨日达拉金矿与胜利达坂韧性剪切带在空间、时间及成因上密切相关，属典型的韧性剪切带型金矿，成矿具有多期、多阶段和多物源的特点，韧性剪切变形、热液活动及其成矿构成了统一的韧性剪切成岩成矿作用过程。对于一个含金韧性剪切带系统，不论是垂向上还是横向上，强变形区段都是成矿元素活化、迁出的区段，而低应变－中等应变部位以及不同强度应变带的过渡部位才是含金流体中的金富集、沉淀成矿的最有利部位，也是寻找大型矿床、矿体的有利部位。