花菇优质生产及气象条件

1 形成花菇的气象条件　1.1 空气相对湿度　适宜花菇生长的空气相对湿度为85%～90%。相对湿度在65%～74%时，对花菇的发生和生长最有利，过分干燥易成菇丁。较长时间高于75%，表皮紧而不裂。早晨相对湿度60%左右，下午降至50%以下，菇盖裂纹加深，可形成较为理想的花菇。     

花菇优质生产及气象条件

适宜花菇生长的空气相对湿度为85%～90%。相对湿度在65%～74%时,对花菇的发生和生长最有利,过分干燥易成菇丁。较长时间高于75%,表皮紧而不裂。早晨相对湿度60%左右,下午降至50%以下,菇盖裂纹加深,可形成较为理想的花菇。

     

袋栽花菇形成的气象条件及提高花菇率的技术

介绍了花菇形成的气象条件以及提高花菇率的一些关键技术。     

幸福的回忆 巨大的鼓舞——回忆敬爱的周总理

周恩来总理是我国第一代革命领导核心成员之一,他协助毛泽东主席在极其艰难的环境下领导我国的革命斗争,坚持抗日战争和解放战争,夺取了全国革命的伟大胜利,创建了中华人民共和国。新中国成立后,他担任了26年的总理,亲自指挥我国各条战线的建设,并在国际上开展积极的外交斗争和活动,被公认为世界上的一代伟人。     

对康熙帝风的性能认识的分析

康熙帝对风的认识,有独到的见解。他关于山东与京师风向之异的观测,近几十年常被误认为他有风场不连续的概念之证。本文分析原文,指出这种看法的错误。又举出风对成盐及形成沙漠白龙堆沙丘的作用两例,分析康熙帝在这两个问题上认识的局限性。     

气候变化的影响阈值与中国的粮食安全

利用区域气候模式和作物模型,模拟了IPCC SRES A2和B2情景下未来中国粮食作物的单产变化,结合人口和经济发展,分析了气候变化对农业生产影响的温度阈值。结果表明：不考虑CO2的肥效,气候变化对农业生产影响的温度阈值可能在2.0～2.5℃左右;考虑CO2的肥效,农业生产不存在温度阈值。考虑了技术和贸易因素后,忽略CO2肥效,A2情景下的基本粮食安全有可能存在问题;考虑CO2的肥效后,气候变化不会影响到中国的粮食安全。     

大批量的并发数据实时处理方法的研究

通过采用缓存技术、线程技术、模块化处理技术解决了大批量的并发数据实时处理的难题,并给出了缓存交互模块的流程图以及系统的实现.     

卫星云图的识别与降水的预报

从卫星云图的区别,常见的云型,重要天气系统云型的特征以及对降水的作用等方面进行分析。     

基于GIS的自动气象站数据系统的研发

依据气象业务需求,以SQLServer、ArcSDE为数据库依托,以Delphi为开发工具,以Arc GISEngine Development Kit 9.2为开发平台设计并实现了基于GIS的自动气象站数据系统。在对自动气象站数据自动采集、规范管理和质量检查的基础上,实现了气象要素的多条件灵活查询、异常天气条件的监测...     

金银花尺蠖的发生与气象条件的关系

金银花尺蠖是近年发现的金银花产区的主要害虫,该虫在封丘县每年发生4代.通过对金银花尺蠖发生的气象因子分析,得出金银花尺蠖发生与气象条件的关系,并结合金银花尺蠖的生活特性提出了防治措施.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.