新沂-泗县地震危险区地震活动和地震构造

运用深浅部构造对比研究、构造解析技术，结合历史地震资料、中强震观测资料分析、地震活动性分析结果，探讨中强震过渡区地震构造环境和地震韵律的研究途径，圈定出新沂—泗县地震危险区。对该危险区进行立体综合剖析，推演出未来中强震发生的空间部位，并预测了该区未来可能发生地震的震源深度、震级、地震长轴衰减方向、地震复发间隔等参数。     

哈萨克斯坦造山地震构造基础

哈萨克斯坦地震活动造山带由从南东环绕年轻板块─—图兰板块和哈萨克地质构造的山体构成。仅在最近的107年这里发生了10余次强烈的破坏性的M≥6．5级的地震。因此，最近20年进行的地震研究的方向是查明地震活动与地壳构造系统和构造过程的关系。一般情况下最重要的地震构造问题是确定强烈地震的地点，同时确定在“地点”下面的无论是区域的还是局部的震源分布。地震的构造研究还包括一系列问题：区域地震活动性、加固地基、新构造运动、最新构运、古地震断层、查明估计地壳地震势能的定量标准等等。本文主要研究了区域地震活动性与地震构造基础的可比性和造山带的地震断层，根据地质条件估计了地壳的地震势能；认为，地震构造图可以作为估计地震危险的基础。     

地震活动性图象的地震构造认识

地震活动性图象反映了地震的群体特征。本文阐明了中国大陆,特别是中国东部地区的地震活动性图象具有空间分布的网格块体性;一定地区间地震发生的相关性;一定的地震活动图象在空间上常可有所平移再现等特征。这些图象的尺度均可达到成百上千公里。据此认为地震的动力也应有与此相当的大尺度。中国大陆地震基本集中在一个厚度仅为15 km的地层——发震能干层,与活动性图象的尺度相比,具有悬殊的宽厚比。因之认为地震构造应属一种薄壳结构。观测到的地震活动性图象与薄壳结构的失稳屈曲图形有同质同象的相似性。据此估算其量值与观测到的图象尺度颇为吻合。结论认为:地震活动性图象似受控于结构的失稳屈曲;地震构造可视为主要由发震能干层所构成的一种薄壳结构(薄皮构造)。     

中国大陆地震构造带的初步划分及其应用

本文依据深部地球物理场、区域大地构造、地表活动断裂、地震活动等，划分了中国大陆的地震构造带，同时分析了地震构造带的活动特征和孕震构造条件，在此基础上，具体地把地震构造带的概念应用于地震危险区分析之中，探讨了地震危险区及地震前兆异常与地震构造带的关系，本文提出以地震构造带研究作为地震监测和预报工作的基础，将地震构造带作为系统性的活动构造条件应用于地震危险区划分之中。     

六安-霍山地震危险区地震活动和地震构造

运用深、浅部构造对比方法与宏、微观构造解析技术 ,结合历史地震资料分析结果 ,探讨了中强震过渡区地震构造环境的研究途径。圈定出六安 -霍山地震危险区。对该地震危险区进行立体综合剖析 ,推演出未来中强震发生的空间部位 ,并预测了研究区未来可能发生地震的震源深度、震级、地震等震线长轴衰减方向等参     

广西北流地区的地震构造与地震活动

根据地质调查资料，研究了广西北流地区的地震构造及其中与中小地震的关系，结果表明，北流地区的构造格架属于右行右阶拉分区型，在容县－玉林－带形成拉分区，区内及附的 在多组断裂，构造复杂，易于积聚应变能，是中小地震的多发区。     

华北地区地震活动图象反映的地震构造特征

本文主要依据国家地震局分析预报中心出版的1:600万《中国地震震中分布图(M_L≥2,1970—1989)》,对华北地区地震活动基本图象进行了构造解释。由获取的中上地壳构造信息发现,本区具有清楚的共轭地震构造特征。并且指出,华北平原拗陷区的深、浅构造具有某些不协调特征。     

地震危险区划分的活动构造依据

分析了地震预报方法与活动构造结合的现状，活动构造与地震危险区预测的内在联系。指出现今预报方法存在的问题以及与活动构造结合的必要。同时还研究了以地震构造带为代表的活动构造条件，对中国大陆地震密集带进行进行了统计分析。     

“东南亚地震构造与地震危险性国际讨论会”概况

“东南亚地震构造与地震危险性国际讨论会”概况陈运泰，高文学（国家地震局地球物理研究）（国家地震局地质研究所）李京（国家地震局分析预报中心）“东南亚地震构造与地震危险性国际讨论会”于１９９４年１月２７日至２月４日在越南河内举行。会议由越南国家科学研究中...     

中国大陆地震构造研究回顾

简要回顾了近4年来(1999～2002年)我国在地震构造方面研究的进展，重点介绍了在地壳上地幔结构、活动断裂和大地震构造背景、地壳形变和数值模拟方面的工作．在我国境内发生的绝大多数地震都属于大陆地震的范畴，因此,中国地震学家把研究的重点放在大陆地震上．中国在九五期间完成的中国数字地震观测系统和中国地壳运动观测网络重大科学工程为地震构造的研究提供了大量的基础资料．因此，４年来的地震构造研究取得了相当大的进展．      

青藏高原东北部东西向构造及其地震活动和构造力学模式研究

本文通过对重力和航磁资料解译,研究了青藏高原东北部东西向构造特征。在该区域存在6条大型东西向构造带,它们的共同特点是:(1)东西向延伸超过1000km,南北宽约60km;(2)越向深部东西向构造越明显;(3)两条相邻构造带的间距为1°20'',显示等间距分布特征;(4)在大型东西向的构造带之外还有次级东西向构造带存在。青藏高原东北部强震活动与东西向构造有密切的关系,这是由于在北东向主压应力作用下东西向构造左旋剪切运动的结果。     

张北地震地下流体异常场的研究

对比研究了张北M_S 6. 2和MS5. 6地震前地下流体异常时空演化特征。结合二次地震前的地震活动图像及其迁移规律, 二次地震所产生的地表宏观裂度与地震的震源机制解, 研究结果认为: 地下流体趋势异常空间分布受区域构造格局控制; 短期异常具有重复性, 可能受震源机制影响; 短期异常的强度、临震异常形态的差异性以及地震宏观破裂的差异性与地震强度和交替活动的构造有关; M_S 5. 6地震应为M_S 6. 2地震后该地区能量的进一步释放, 并且是NE向构造带与近EW向构造带交替活动的结果; 二次地震前的短期异常主要沿着近EW向张家口-渤海构造带分布, 可能说明近EW 向张家口-渤海构造带活动水平高于N E向山西构造带。     

中国布格重力异常水平梯度图的判读和构造解释

分析和对比中国大陆布格重力异常水平梯度的彩色图像，得到一些新的构造特征信息. 大致以105°E为界，图像的东部以蓝色低梯度为背景，出现中、高梯度带状构造和大梯度差值边界的线状构造；西部以高、中梯度的带状构造为格架，镶嵌着低梯度区，区内有阴影线状构造. 总体上，重力异常水平梯度构造可概括为三大组. 第一组是NNE向的大兴安岭、太行山、武陵山高梯度带与斜切东部全区的郯庐大断裂带和NNW向的斜切西部全区的三条大断裂带；第二组为西部的NWW向与NEE向高、中梯度带的交叉构造格局，以及东部近于等间距的三条NWW向断续的阴影构造带和一条单一的构造线，而华南则仅有NE向的低梯度构造线；第三组是横贯全区的的几条近EW向和中部SN向宽而复杂的构造带，在后者的东、西两侧散臣着大间距、小长度、断续的SN向阴影构造线. 这三组重力梯度构造不仅反映了地貌起伏的信息，而且显示了大区域构造，特别是深部构造的密度差. 各组线状构造带的内部结构和各组的形成时间及演变历史可能不同，但它们相互复合构成现今总体的构造格局，对大尺度现代构造应力场作用都会有不同的响应，因此导致主应力方向的区域性变化.     

Eocene extensional tectonics in the Amakusa region,northern Ryukyu arc

Paleogene surface tectonics in Japan is not well understood because of the paucity of onshore Paleogene stratigraphic records except for those from accretionary complexes. Paralic Paleogene formations remaining in SW Japan are usually so thin that it is difficult to decipher the tectonics from them. However, the Eocene paralic sedimentary package with a thickness of kilometers indicates syn-depositional tectonic subsidence by a few kilometers in the Amakusa archipelago, west of Kyushu Island. Thus, we made a detailed geological map of the Eocene formations in an area of ~50 square kilometers in the northwestern part of the archipelago. We identified NE-SW and NW-SE trending normal faults, most of which were recognized by previous researchers, and also discovered low-angle faults. NW-SE trending ones are known to be of the Miocene. NE-SW trending and low-angle normal faults are the oldest map-scale structures in the Eocene ones. It is not obvious within the above-mentioned area whether those normal faults are accompanied by growth strata. However, the significant southeastward thickening of the Eocene formations across the Amakusa archipelago suggests that they filled a large half graben with the basin margin fault along the eastern side of the archipelago. This basin model is consistent with the N-S to NW-SE transport directions of the low-angle and NE-SW trending normal faults. Since many NE-SW to EW trending Eocene grabens were formed in the offshore regions west of Kyushu Island and in the East China Sea, the Amakusa region was probably a northeastern branch of the rift system. The geologic structures and depositional ages of the Eocene formations indicate that the Eocene extensional tectonics removed the overlying strata to some extent for the high-P/T Takahama Metamorphic Rocks which crops out to the south of our study area.     

Strymon and Strymonikos Gulf basins (Northern Greece): Implications on their formation and evolution from faulting

In Central and Eastern Macedonia of Northern Greece large NW–SE trending basins filled up mainly with terrestrial sediments developed during the Neogene over the Alpine basement rocks. Among them, the Strymon basin was established along the NNW–SSE trending Strouma/Strymon Lineament which formed over the tectonic boundary of the Serbomacedonian and Rhodope massifs, both representing the hinterland of the Hellenic orogen. The present study suggests that the Strymon basin was not formed as a syn-detachment basin over the Strymon Valley Detachment Fault, considered to have caused exhumation of the Rhodope massif metamorphic complex. Instead, transpressional s.l. tectonics dominated the region in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene and it progressively changed into a wrench tectonics under which the Strymon basin has been initiated in the Middle Miocene. The basin continued to develop further under a short-lived NW–SE extension in the Middle-Late Miocene. The whole deformation is attributed to the late-stage collisional processes between the Apulia and Eurasia plates. The prevalent NE–SW extension has been constrained later on in the Late Miocene and Pliocene times activating both low-angle and high-angle NW–SE trending faults and causing the regional tilting towards the SW of the mountain fault blocks (i.e., mountain chains). From Quaternary onwards, the Strymon basin has been separated from the Strymonikos Gulf basin due to an N–S extension that mainly activates E–W striking normal faults.     

华南沿海主要活动断裂带的比较构造研究

华南沿海地区，发育３组不同方向的断裂构造。以北东～北北东向的断裂规模最大，地表迹象最明显；以北东东～东西向断裂切割最深，发育历史最长；而以北西～北西西向断裂的新生性和近期活动性最显著。研究结果表明，上述３组断裂构造的特征，在宏观表征和显微构造特点方面都有表现，说明各组断裂都有各自类同的形成、发育过程，并受控于类似的构造力源，它们的特征在一定程度上反映了地壳运动的演变史     

南北地震带中段地震构造遥感解译

南北地震带中段断裂在遥感影像上具有明显的线性构造特征, 本中研究区域为东昆仑断裂带与龙门山断裂带的交接区, 该区断裂从遥感影像上分析主要有NW向、 NE向、 SN向三组, 包围着岷山隆起近似成三角形。 交接区内构造复杂, 曾发生1879年武都8级地震、 1933年叠溪7.5级地震、 1976年松潘7.2级地震等强震。 通过遥感资料对该区断裂进行构造解译, 确定该区构造活动型式及地震构造特征。     

Fault-generated mountain fronts in the central apennines (Central Italy): Geomorphological features and seismotectonic implications

The morphotectonic framework of the Central Apennines is given by faulted blocks bounded by normal faults, mostly trending NW–SE, NNW–SSE and NE–SW, which cut previous compressive structures. Such a structural setting is consistent with the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes which often occur in this area. In this paper, three lithologically different normal fault-generated mountain fronts are analysed in order to assess the relations between their geomorphic features and active tectonics. They border the Norcia depression (Sibillini Mts, Umbria), the Amatrice–Campotosto plateau (Laga Mts, Lazio) and the Fucino basin (Marsica Mts, Abruzzi). The Norcia depression is bounded by a N20°W trending normal fault to the east and by a parallel antithetic fault to the west. The main fault has a 1000 m throw and gives rise to a wide fault escarpment, characterized by: (1) sharp slope breaks due to low angle gravity faults; (2) important paleolandslides; and (3) several fault scarplets on the piedmont belt affecting Quaternary deposits. The Amatrice–Campotosto plateau is delimited by the western slope of Mt Gorzano which runs along a N20°W trending normal fault having a 1500m throw. Minor parallel faults dislocate Quaternary landforms. Large-scale massmovements also occur here. The Fucino basin was struck by the 1915 Avezzano earthquake (I=XI MCS) which produced extensive surface faulting along two parallel NW trending normal fault escarpments on the eastern border of the basin. There is paleoseismic evidence including buried gravity graben in Late Glacial gravels and tectonic dip-slip striations on Holocene calcitic crusts covering bedrock normal fault planes. These data suggest that active extensional tectonics plays a major role in the slope morphogenesis of the Central Apennines and they indicate the importance of geomorphic analysis in seismic zonation of this area.     

贺兰山中段米钵山组沉积特征及其意义

贺兰山中段中、上奥陶统米钵山组,在整个区域地层中占有重要地位,它是贺兰山南北向构造形成的重要标志。其地层明显区别于相邻地台区的沉积,对探讨贺兰山早古生代的构造格局及岩相古地理尤为重要。但对米钵山组沉积环境多有争论,观点各不相同。本文对该区米钵山组沉积特征、沉积层序、沉积岩相和古地理环境进行了分析研究,并划分为碎屑流、浊流和正常深水沉积三种类型,推断贺兰山南北向构造在加里东中期开始形成,并延续到白垩纪的新认识。     

Extensional tectonics and North China Craton destruction:Insights from the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (AMS) of granite and metamorphic core complex

The craton is a long-lived stable geologic unit on the Earth's surface. However, since the Mesozoic, the North China Craton(NCC) experienced large-scale lithospheric removal, the fundamental change of physical and chemical characteristics of the lithospheric mantle, widely distributed crustal deformation, and extensive magmatism. This complex evolution contrary to other cratons is called the NCC destruction. Widespread magmatism in the eastern NCC is an important response to the lithospheric removal at depth and crustal deformation on the surface. The plutons emplace under a tectonic context and therefore record the information of the tectonics; especially, the anisotropy magnetic susceptibility(AMS) pattern of the pluton was acquired with the influence of regional stress. In the past fifteen years, about 22 plutons intruding during the different periods from the Late Triassic to the late stage of the Early Cretaceous have been studied with AMS. The emplacement mechanisms of plutons and the contemporary tectonic setting were discussed to constrain their relationship with the NCC destruction in different stages of magmatism. As a result, the Late Triassic, Early Jurassic, and Late Jurassic plutons exhibit consistent N(E)-S(W)trending magnetic lineations. The early stage of Early Cretaceous plutons display NW-SE trending magnetic lineations, while the late stage of Early Cretaceous plutons show magnetic lineations with various orientations. Combined with previous studies, it is concluded that the emplacements of the plutons intruding in these three stages were controlled by weak N(E)-S(W) trending extension, regional NW-SE trending extension, and weak extension in the shallow crustal level, respectively. The transformation of regional extension from the N(E)-S(W) to the NW-SE direction was accompanied by a strain-increasing tendency. The extensional tectonics in the eastern NCC was interpreted to represent the interaction between Mongol-Okhotsk belt, PaleoPacific plate, and eastern Eurasian continent.