川滇地区强震活动分布特征及其与地壳块体构造背景关系的研究

研究了川滇地区强震活动分布特征及其与地质构造背景，重点是与川滇、川青地壳块体的关系，认为: ①川滇强震主要集中分布在川滇和川青两个地壳块体. 其外侧的中强震活动也明显受这两块体向南东方向滑移侧压的影响；②川滇和川青块体的强震主要分布在边界断裂带上. 块体内部的活断层上也有一些强震或中强震发生. 规模较大的也许是划分次一级块体的边界；③也确有个别强震与活断层关系不明显，表现出地震与地质构造关系的复杂性；④这两块体各边界带的地震活动性，包括盛衰交替性有一定程度的相关性，但也各有特点. 川滇块体东带7级以上地震比西带的多，且最大地震强度达8级，而西带的中强震频度高于东带. 东带的b值低于西带. 无论是地质证据，还是近年GPS观测资料都表明，东带左旋走滑速率都大于西带右旋走滑速率. 川青块体的西边界鲜水河带的地震活动性总的来说高于东边界松潘、龙门山带，且震级越高，差异越大. 前者的b值低于后者. 说明块体各带介质的不均匀性或应力状态是有所不同的；⑤ 川滇和川青块体的边界断裂带在地壳深部速度结构上都有异常变化. 多数边界断裂带切割了莫霍面，尤以倾滑为主的龙门山断裂带切割得最明显. 典型的走滑型鲜水河断裂带虽无切割莫霍面的明显迹象，但确在不同深度上都是明显的低速异常带.      

由现今地震活动分析鲜水河断裂带中南段的活动习性与强震危险地段

左旋走滑的鲜水河断裂带属于川-滇活动地块的北东边界,历史上强震和大地震频繁发生,是川滇地区的主要地震带之一.其中,仅鲜水河断裂带中南段(道孚-石棉之间)在最近300多年中就发生震级M≥6.5地震10次.但自1981年道孚6.9地震后,该断裂带已平静了20余年.从而,沿鲜水河断裂带未来强震危险性如何?哪些段落最危险?是对中长期地震预测研究非常有意义、值得探索的科学问题.     

南北地震带近年大震危险性与监测预报

根据史料记载,南北地震带7级以上大震发生频度高.其构造分布特点是,主要沿东边界带密集成带分布.中北段,大震沿银川-天水-武都呈近南北向展布;中南段,大震沿康定-西昌-嵩明-通海也呈近南北向展布.中段的龙门山带错位,大震构造分布不连续.这与川青地块向南东运动,由于川中盆地的阻挡,形成兼右旋活动的动力学机制有关.这一现象在1900年以前的大震分布中可清楚见到.而1900年后的大震沿东边界带的成带分布不明显,更多分布在南北地震带中西部地区的几个主要构造带上,即北西向祁连山构造带的中段、库玛构造带、鲜水河构造带、川滇地块西侧几个构造带上.虽然地震在约10度范围内总体呈南北向分布,但不象1900年前在东侧边界带大震的集中性和成带性显著,整体散布在中西部地区的主要构造带上.尤其是1988年云南澜沧耿玛7.6级地震开始的本活跃期以来,南北地震带的6级以上强震相对集中在3个主体地区:滇西地块、雅江地块和滇中地块西侧地区、祁连和巴颜喀拉地块.根据各地震活跃期强震分布区的分析,在各地震活跃期强震主体地区会持续至该活跃期结束.为此认为未来南北地震带的7级地震仍然会发生在这3个相对6级地震集中区.进而可以在这3个地区寻找大震破裂的空段,或未破裂段,即是下次大震可能发生的潜在场所.     

宜宾北4.7级地震活动背景、特征及其与鲁甸5.6级强震呼应成因分析

通过对宜宾北4．7级地震震中及附近地区地震地质、地震活动背景、区域地震活动性、水位资料的分析，表明宜宾北4．7级地震震前经历了区域地震活跃至平静、再发震的过程，其部分地震学参数存在异常，川12井水位也出现较大异常，并对宜宾北所处的华蓥山断裂带上的中强震与川滇交界附近地区南北地震带上的强震存在较高的对应关系成因进行了分析，认为华蓥山断裂带上中强地震活动对川滇交界地区南北地震带上强震的发生存在中短期预报意义。     

川滇地区断层相互作用的地震活动证据及有限元模拟

对川滇地区主要活动断裂地震活动性的分析表明 ,该区主要活动断裂间存在地震活动的相关性 :1)强震活跃期沿着鲜水河断裂、小江断裂、红河断裂、龙陵 -澜沧断裂及NE向的龙门山 -瑞丽断裂依次迁移 ;2 )鲜水河断裂与龙陵 -澜沧断裂不仅在强震活动上 ,而且在b值变化上存在较强的相关性 ,是平行断裂在区域应力场作用下相互作用的结果 ;3)龙门山 -瑞丽断裂与上述川滇地区其它近NW向断裂间存在地震交替活动的现象 ;4 )龙门山 -瑞丽断裂的地震具有分段活动的特征 ,是断块差异活动的体现。有限元分析显示 ,上述断层相互作用现象是块体非均匀运动过程中应力场调整的反映 ,是块体运动的结果。研究表明川滇地区主要断层地震活动间存在 3种相互作用的现象 ,即块体边界迁移型、旋向相反平行断层交替型和交叉断层交替型     

四川盆地地震活动与川西、川滇交界区强震关系初探

本文根据对四川省地震资料的分析,认为盆地内4级以上地震的活动与川西、川滇交界区的强震活动有较为密切的关系。当盆地内发生一次或几次4—5级地震后,大约一两年内或稍长一些时间内,在川西或川滇交界区将可能发生一次或几次6—7级乃至7级以上地震。若大震发生在松潘、龙门山地震带,震前盆地内发生4—5级地震的次数较少;若大震发生在鲜水河、安宁河地震带或川滇交界区,震前盆地内4—5级地震次数多。历史地震也有类似情形。因此盆地内的地震活动性可作为川西、川滇交界区发生强震的一个标志。     

川滇地区区域地震目录完整性最小震级分析

系统分析了川滇地区1970～2001年的区域地震目录,给出了川滇地区主要地震活动带(区)最小完整性震级的时、空分布.总体而言,对于川滇地区地震活动最强烈的3个区域 ,地震目录的完整性最小震级可取如下震级:(1)金沙江-红河断裂带及鲜水河-安宁河- 小江断裂带所围限的川滇菱形地块,1970～1981年2.5级,1982年以来2.0级;(2)金沙江 - 红河断裂带以西的滇西-滇西南腾冲-龙陵、澜沧-耿马、思普地区,1970～1981年3.0级 ,1982年以来2.5级;(3)阿坝区、松潘-龙门山带及名边-马山-昭通带,1970～1981 年2.5级,1982年以来2.0级.     

川滇菱形块体东边界的历史地震破裂特征

正川滇菱形地块东边界由鲜水河、安宁河—则木河以及小江断裂带组成,其中,鲜水河断裂带是川滇菱形地块和巴颜喀拉地块的边界,而安宁河—则木河和小江断裂带是川滇菱形地块和稳定的华南地块的边界,由于川滇菱形地块向南南东运动的整体性和较快速,使得鲜水河、安宁河—则木河以及小江断裂带成为历史强震活动带。本文利用沿川滇菱形地块东边界的历史强震,研究6.7级以上地震沿边界带的历史地震破裂特征。结果显示:自1700年以     

安宁河-则木河-小江地震带强震危险性趋势讨论

研究了川滇地震区强震活动期格局的变化,认为自1976年以来已进入川滇地震区的"中区"为主体活动的新活跃期,并将可能持续至少二三十年;1985～1996年初的川滇强震活跃幕已经结束,1996～2002年处于6级地震的少发时段.根据川滇中区历史上出现过的东带(E102°～103°线)、西带(E100°线)交替活动特征估计未来几年安宁河-则木河-小江地震带将可能是大地震发生带.     

川滇地区强震序列库仑破裂应力加卸载效应的数值模似

通过建立较精细的川滇地区三维有限元模型,数值模拟了川滇地区主要活动断裂的强震活动对于其他活动断裂潜在强震孕育进程的库仑破裂应力加卸载效应.模拟结果显示在川滇地区主要活动断裂带的几何学展布形态和运动学性质的构造背景之上,川滇地区强震活动相互影响的主要特征是活动断裂面库仑破裂应力变化大多处于增大状态.其中,金沙江断裂带、小江断裂带、楚雄—建水断裂带、鲜水河断裂带和安宁河断裂带上的强震所产生的加载作用比较强,而丽江—小金河断裂带和腾冲—澜沧断裂带则较弱.1981～2000年川滇地区M≥6.5地震序列的模拟结果显示,后续地震全部位于已发生地震所引起的库仑破裂应力增大区之内.数值模拟结果显示,在川滇地区,一个强震发生之后,发震断层本身强烈卸载的同时,库仑破裂应力的加载效应在其他主要活动断裂带潜在强震孕育进程中占据了主导地位,强震活动之间相互作用的主要效应是应力加载,已发生的强震加速了下一个强震的孕育进程,进而导致一系列地震的发生,直至整个区域所积累的应变能处于较低水平之后,区域地震活动进入一个新的平静期.     

云南地区大震活动规律研究

云南地区处于印度板块与欧亚板块中国大陆碰撞带的东缘,地壳运动剧烈,活动块体特征明显,中强以上地震频发,是研究大震活动规律的理想场所。通过过去一个世纪的6.7级以上地震活动的时空分布以及地震动力分析认为,云南地区存在的4个具东西交替活动特征的地震活跃期,可能是东、西部各自地震活跃与平静过程叠加的结果,100a左右可能出现1次东、西部同时爆发大震的时段;云南地区地震活动与外围地区存在较好的呼应关系,安达曼-缅甸弧形带的巨震活动对云南地区地震活跃期的启动有一定的指示意义,而云南东部强震也与四川西部大震密切相关,四川大震活动往往滞后于云南地区;中强地震连发—平静—首发大震可能是云南以东部为活动主体的地震活跃期的启动模式。这些认识对云南地区大震预测、地震机理以及板缘动力学研究会有所帮助     

Study on distribution characteristics of strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area and their geological tectonic background

Introduction Both Sichuan and Yunnan are provinces with more earthquakes. Based on catalogue of strong earthquakes in China compiled by the Prediction Department of China Earthquake Administration, there are 639 M5.0 earthquakes during 26 B.C.~A.D. 2001. Among them, 475 are M=5.0~5.9 events, 124 are M=6.0~6.9 events, 39 are M=7.0~7.9 events, and one is M=8 event occurred in Sichuan and Yunnan area. Here is one of the areas where seismic activities are most active in China. Sichuan-Yun…     

川滇地区Lg波Q值层析成像

利用云南和四川数字地震观测台网记录的数字化地震资料,开展了川滇地区不同频率的Q_Lg层析成像研究,反演结果的空间分辨率小于100 km.反演结果表明,川滇地区介质的横向不均匀性强烈,Q_Lg高低值差异显著.川滇地区显著的高衰减区有川滇菱形块体的东南边界（即沿鲜水河至安宁河以及思茅—澜沧—普洱区）,滇西北地区、龙门山断裂以西松潘—茂文地区、巴塘及理塘强震区等,Lg波高衰减区的分布与构造活动强烈、强震活动或大震破裂造成介质破碎区、低速区等相关,表明构造活动强烈或大震破裂造成的介质破碎、热物质沿活动断裂上涌等可能是川滇地区低Q_Lg的主要成因.显著的低衰减区有川东盆地、滇东南地区以及金沙江、怒江断裂的中段区域,滇中块体内部也呈现出相对的低衰减特征.Lg波低衰减区与地震活动性弱、速度正异常等相关,表明川滇地区Lg波的低衰减区与地壳变形、地震活动性及水热活动弱、块体稳定等有关.     

Precise Location of Earthquakes at the Eastern Boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block

Based on the seismic station data sets from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, we employed a multi-step seismic location method (Hypo2000 + Velest + HypoDD) to precisely locate the 7,787 earthquakes that occurred during 2010-2015 along the eastern boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, namely from southern Dawu to the Qiaojia segment. The final results show that location precision is greatly advanced and epicenter distribution exhibits good consistency with the linear distribution of the seismic faults. Earthquake distribution is quite intensive at the intersection region in the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, the Anninghe fault zone, the Xiaojinhe fault zone and the Daliangshan fault zone to the east. The depth profile of seismicity shows a clear stepwise activity along the active seismic fault zones. The profile crossing the faults of the Xianshuihe, Anninghe, and Daliangshan presents a complex interaction among faults near the multiple faults intersection region, Shimian, where the earthquakes are obviously divided into two groups in depth. Earthquakes are very rare at the depth of 15km-20km, which is consistent with the region of the plastic rheology between 14km-19km calculated by Zhu Ailan et al.,(2005).     

川滇菱形块体东边界地震精定位

选用四川及云南地震台站资料,采用多阶段地震定位法(Hypo2000+Velest+HypoDD),对四川境内川滇菱形块体东边界的道孚南至巧家段2010年1月1日~2014年12月31日7787次地震进行了精定位。精定位后,震源位置精度明显提高,震中分布与地震断裂带线性展布较一致。定位结果显示,鲜水河断裂带东南段地震分布相对密集,鲜水河南段与安宁河断裂带、小金河断裂带及以东的大凉山断裂带交叉区域相对密集。深度剖面图沿活动断裂带地震活动分段活动特征明显,横跨鲜水河、安宁河和大凉山等断裂的剖面呈现出石棉附近多断裂交汇处的断层间复杂的相互作用,地震明显分为深、浅两丛。15~20km深度范围地震非常稀少,这与朱艾斓提出的14~19km塑性流变的层厚和位置较一致。     

COULOMB STRESS CHANGE ON ACTIVE FAULTS IN SICHUAN-YUNNAN REGION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SEISMIC HAZARD

Coulomb stress change on active faults is critical for seismic hazard analysis and has been widely used at home and abroad. The Sichuan-Yunnan region is one of the most tectonically and seismically active regions in Mainland China, considering some highly-populated cities and the historical earthquake records in this region, stress evolution and seismic hazard on these active faults capture much attention. From the physical principal, the occurrence of earthquakes will not only cause stress drop and strain energy release on the seismogenic faults, but also transfer stress to the surrounding faults, hence alter the shear and normal stress on the surrounding faults that may delay, hasten or even trigger subsequent earthquakes. Previously, most studies focus on the coseismic Coulomb stress change according to the elastic dislocation model. However, the gradually plentiful observation data attest to the importance of postseismic viscoelastic relaxation effect during the analysis of seismic interactions, stress evolution along faults and the cumulative effect on the longer time scale of the surrounding fault zone. In this paper, in order to assess the seismic hazard in Sichuan-Yunnan region, based on the elastic dislocation theory and the stratified viscoelastic model, we employ the PSGRN/PSCMP program to calculate the cumulative Coulomb stress change on the main boundary faults and in inner blocks in this region, by combining the influence of coseismic dislocations of the M≥7.0 historical strong earthquakes since the Yongsheng M7.8 earthquake in 1515 in Sichuan-Yunnan region and M≥8.0 events in the neighboring area, and the postseismic viscoelastic relaxation effect of the lower crust and upper mantle. The results show that the Coulomb stress change increases significantly in the south section of the Xianshuihe Fault, the Anninghe Fault, the northern section of the Xiaojiang Fault, the southern section of the Longmen Shan Fault, the intersection of the Chuxiong-Jianshui Fault and the Xiaojiang Fault, and the Shawan section of the Litang Fault, in which the cumulative Coulomb stress change exceeds 0.1MPa. The assuming different friction coefficient has little effect on the stress change, as for the strike-slip dominated faults, the shear stress change is much larger than the normal stress change, and the shear stress change is the main factor controlling the Coulomb stress change on the fault plane. Meanwhile, we compare the Coulomb stress change in the 10km and 15km depths, and find that for most faults, the results are slightly different. Additionally, based on the existing focal mechanism solutions, we add the focal mechanism solutions of the 5 675 small-medium earthquakes(2.5≤M≤4.9)in Sichuan-Yunnan region from January 2009 to July 2019, and invert the directions of the three principal stresses and the stress shape factor in 0.1°×0.1° grid points; by combining the grid search method, we compare the inverted stress tensors with that from the actual seismic data, and further obtain the optimal stress tensors. Then, we project the stress tensors on the two inverted nodal planes separately, and select the maximum Coulomb stress change to represent the stress change at the node. The results show that the cumulative Coulomb stress change increase in the triple-junction of Sichuan-Yunnan-Tibet region is also significant, and the stress change exceeds 0.1MPa. Comprehensive analysis of the Coulomb stress change, seismic gaps and seismicity parameters suggest that more attention should be paid to the Anninghe Fault, the northern section of the Xiaojiang Fault, the south section of the Xianshuihe Fault, the southern section of the Longmen Shan Fault and the triple-junction of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Tibet region. These results provide a basis for future seismic hazard analysis in the Sichuan-Yunnan region.     

川滇活动块体中-北部主要活动断裂带现今应力状态的分区特征

恢复2009年1月1日-2015年12月31日间川滇活动块体中-北部1012次2.0≤M_L≤5.0地震的震源谱,计算标量地震矩M_o、震源尺度r和应力降△_σ等震源参数并拟合各参数间的定标关系,基于区域地震构造背景、活动断裂展布以及地震活动的成丛分布将研究区划分成四个统计单元,分别讨论各构造单元的应力分布特征、地震应力降随地点位置的变化以及应力-应变加载作用与区域变形的动力学过程的关联.结果显示:中小地震释放的应力降△_σ在0.1~10 MPa;标量地震矩M_o与近震震级M_L呈现较好线性关系(lgM_0=0.92M_L+10.46);应力降与地震大小的关系与Nuttli的增加应力降(ISD)模型比较吻合(1g△_σ=0.31 1gM_0-3.92).震源应力降结果显示:①金沙江断裂端部为低应力区,断裂单元整体滑动速率较高、强震活动极少,不具备强震发生的应力高度集中条件;在3条次级断裂构成的条带断裂结构中,理塘断裂上的应力-应变加载作用自北西向南东逐渐减弱,相对闭锁的北西段较其他部位更易积累应变.②鲜水河断裂带的地震应力降以康定为界南低北高,南段(康定-石棉)短期内难以积累较高应变,北段(甘孜-康定)应力水平较高,已发生的中强地震尚未能填充地震矩释放的亏空区,段落局部仍有较高的应力积累.③安宁河-则木河断裂上高应力降地震事件集中,该单元的应变积累强、应力水平最高,地震危险性大.④丽江—小金河断裂上不同震级地震的应力降特征并不相同,推测与当地复杂的构造背景有关,具体原因尚需深入探讨;木里地区应力背景较低,可能受当地构造环境的影响.研究表明,地震应力降随地点位置而系统变化,高应力降地震事件多发生在断裂与断裂的交汇部位,而断裂无闭锁条件、断裂以蠕滑为主且断面松弛、断裂端部为高温或破碎塑性变形带时,多以低应力降地震事件为主;与通常所认为的"走滑断裂不易积累应力"相反的是,鲜水河断裂带、安宁河—则木河断裂带均表现出较高的应力水平,其原因一方面可能是因为已发生的中强地震无论数量还是强度都尚不足以释放已经积累的能量,另一方面也许是在区域变形的复杂动力学过程中,当构造单元间阻碍断层运动和协助积累应力的作用占主导时,相同震级的地震会释放更多的应力.     

2010年以来四川地区中强地震震源机制反演及深度确定

2008年5月12日四川龙门山断裂带发生了汶川8.0级地震,之后四川境内发生了两次7.0级地震(其中一个是芦山地震),为了研究汶川地震之后龙门山断裂带及周边区域的地震活动性,本研究收集了国家地震台网和四川区域地震台网2010年1月1日—2017年12月31日四川地区发生的17次M≥5.0地震以及120多次5.0>M≥4.0地震的波形资料,利用波形拟合法反演了震源机制解及区域应力场.反演结果显示,位于龙门山断裂带上的地震,震源机制以逆冲型为主,鲜水河断裂带地震震源机制以走滑型为主,而川滇块体西南部的理塘断裂、金沙江断裂附近,震源机制解以正断层为主.根据震源机制解反演得到的龙门山地区、鲜水河地区的主压应力场方向为WNW、近EW向.川滇块体的巴塘、理塘等地区,其主压应力轴方向为12°左右,接近SN向,且仰角接近40°左右.本研究利用面波振幅谱特征对震源深度进行了精确定位,定位结果与中国地震台网中心(CENC),美国地震调查局(USGS),国际地震中心(ISC)等机构地震目录进行了对比.结果显示,四川地区强震震源深度主要分布在20km以上的中上地壳.龙门山地区震源优势分布在10～20km,鲜水河断裂地震震源深度在10km左右,川滇块体西南部的理塘断裂,巴塘断裂,金沙江断裂等地区,震源深度一般在5～10km范围.     

MIGRATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN TIBETAN BLOCK AREA AND DISSCUSSION ON MAJOR ACTIVE REGION IN THE FUTURE

On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with M_S7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out.