热弹性介质中波的一类反射问题的解

研究了热弹性波的一类反射问题,就热弹性波的两种基本形式求得一类直反射问题及一类斜反射问题的解。结果表明,热弹性波的反射系数、折射系数不仅依赖于介质的性质,还依赖于波的频率;热弹性波的复反射系数及复折射系数使其在界面两侧的相位和附加温度场都出现跃变。     

热弹性波在流体—固体界面上的反射问题及其基本特征

本文建立了热弹性流体介质中的波方程,指出了该介质中可能传播的两类波,并建立了热弹性P波的概念和基本特征。此外,本文还研究了热弹性波在液体—固体界面上的反射问题,给出了反射系数、透射系数的表达式以及反射热弹性P波、透射热弹性P波和透射SV型S波的基本特征。     

热弹性波在流体—固体界面上的反射问题及其基本特征*

本文建立了热弹性流体介质中的波方程,指出了该介质中可能传播的两类波,并建立了热弹性P波的概念和基本特征。此外,本文还研究了热弹性波在液体—固体界面上的反射问题,给出了反射系数、透射系数的表达式以及反射热弹性P波、透射热弹性P波和透射SV型S波的基本特征。     

用非零偏P-P波、P-SV波计算零偏反射纵波和反射横波

在P波入射时，地下同一点产生的P－P波和P－SV波是入射角、界面两侧纵波阻抗和横波阻抗的函数，并且两者是耦合的，利用两者的耦合关系，可在入射角确定的情况下提取与入射角无关的零偏纵波反射和横波反射。本文对此进行了理论推导，结论是：入射角为零时的纵波与横波反射系数是入射角非零时的P－P波和P－SV波反射系数的线性组合，进而可以用纵横波反射计算泊松比反向间面，把多波叠前反演转化到叠后进行，通过合成弹性参数反射剖面，直接反演弹性参数等，都很有意义。文中给出了有关的公式，并对具体实现方法和有关参数进行了讨论。     

共炮检距二维弹性波地震剖面的偏移方法

共均匀各向同性介质的分界面上入射纵波时，除产生纵波反射Ｐ－Ｐ波外，还会产生转换横波的反射Ｐ－ＳＶ波。同样，当入射波为ＳＶ横波时，在分界面上会同时产生ＳＶ－ＳＶ反射波和ＳＶ－Ｐ反射转换波。对这种二维弹性波地震记录如何进行偏移是探讨的问题。为了能够处理实际地震数据，本文提出在共炮检距剖面上进行二维弹性波记录的偏移方法。     

声反射成像测井弹性波逆时偏移方法对比研究

声反射成像测井中的声波逆时偏移算法在处理单分量偶极横波反射资料时可获得高精度成像结果,而面对单极声源中的多波多分量弹性波反射资料时,由于其包含PP、PS、SP和SS等多种波型分量,基于声波方程的逆时偏移处理结果中出现单反射界面对应多同相轴的偏移假象.首先在声反射成像测井中实现了纵横波耦合弹性波逆时偏移和基于Helmho...     

地震逆散射波场和算子的谱分解

本文对地震逆散射的研究，旨在于为抑制层间多次波和地震波场多重散射对一次反射干扰效应提供理论依据.这对薄互层地层滤波的高频恢复、保幅弹性反演、衍射地震勘探及海洋地震勘探中的干扰消除皆具重要意义.本文基于上下行波分解及弹性波互易定理，导出横向变速介质条件下线性预测算子的表达式和反射数据的广义谱分解方程. 文中先由上覆地层广义反射透射矩阵的元素定义线性预测算子，并将其表示成一系列单程波算子的线性组合,之后将横向变速介质条件下线性预测方程表达为反射数据与线性预测算子及其逆的乘积. 对该方程的求解可获得上覆地层的线性预测算子，从而可借以求出相应的反射透射算子. 本文先将水平层状介质条件下垂直入射的一维线性预测方程推广到斜入射的情况，以此为参照，导出横向非均匀介质条件下反射数据的地震逆散射广义谱分解方程.文中也揭示了单程波地震逆散射算子、反射透射算子的性态.本文还针对水平层状介质条件，给出斜入射的数值结果.     

有限单元法弹性波偏移

本文在弹性动力学问题的有限单元解的基础上,提出了一种弹性波偏移的新方法--有限单元法弹性波偏移。本方法不仅能使反射纵波得到偏移,而且能同时对反射纵波和反射横波进行偏移。 用本方法已对一种层状模型成功地进行了检验。说明了它对反射纵波和转换横波同时向下延拓和偏移是稳定的,所得到的偏移结果是令人满意的。     

共炮检距二维弹性波地震剖面的偏移方法

在均匀各向同性介质的分界面上入射纵波时，除产生纵波反射Ｐ－Ｐ波外，还会产生转换横波的反射Ｐ－ＳＶ波。同样，当入射波为ＳＶ横波时，在分界面上会同时产生ＳＶ－ＳＶ反射波和ＳＶ－Ｐ反射转换波，对这种二维弹性波地震记录如何进行偏移是正在探讨的问题。为了能够处理实际地震数据，本文提出在共炮检距剖面上进行二维弹性波记录的偏移方法。具体做法是，首先用弹性波方程将两分量的地震记录分解为Ｐ－Ｐ（或ＳＶ－ＳＶ）波和Ｐ－ＳＶ（或ＳＶ－Ｐ）波，然后用我们已导出的适合于处理共炮检距剖面的叠前偏移方法对它们进行处理。用模拟数据进行的试验说明方法正确，效果良好。     

波在多层弹性介质中一些特性的研究

本文根据弹性力学理论计算出波在多层弹性介质上的反射和透射系数,给出计算反射和透射系数的源程序和框图,并对波在多层弹性介质中的特性进行了一些研究。     

频率-波数域递推计算海底多分量地震记录中的反射系数

在频率-波数域中采用解析法,解出多层条件下海底实测的多分量地震数据分解成上行和下行P波和S波的算法,导出海底各层地震反射系数随入射角变化(简称RVA)的递推计算公式,为海底多波多分量AVO弹性参数的反演及流体因子预测提供基础数据.合成数据的计算结果表明,本文给出的算法能较可靠地从海底多波多分量记录中提取RVA信息.     

INVERSION METHOD IN THE SLANT STACK DOMAIN USING AMPLITUDES OF REFLECTION ARRIVALS*

Almost all ray-tracing methods ignore the analysis of the amplitudes of seismic arrivals and therefore utilize only half of the available information. We propose a method which is a combination of ray-tracing imaging and transformation of the amplitudes of wide-aperture data. Seismic data in the conventional X-T domain are first transformed to the domain of intercept time τ and ray parameter p to recover the plane wave response. The next step is the derivation of a series of plane wave reflection coefficients, which are mapped as a function of τ and p. The reflection coefficients R(τ, p) for two arbitrarily chosen traces can then be used in our inversion method to derive a slowness-depth and a density-depth profile. It is shown that the inclusion of amplitudes of seismic arrivals (in this method, we consider the acoustic case) makes the inverse method highly stable and accurate. In a horizontally stratified medium one can recover separate profiles of velocity and density. Since this method utilizes large-offset data, it can be used for separate recovery of velocity and density to a greater depth.     

THE APPLICATION OF PML BOUNDARY CODITIONS IN THE SIMULATION OF SEISMIC WAVE BY THE HIGH-ORDER STAGGERED-GRID FINITE DIFFERENCES AT THE TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIA

In the realm of the numerical simulation, finite difference method and finite element method are more intuitive and effective than other simulation methods. In the process of simulating seismic wave propagation, the finite differences method is widely used because of its high computational efficiency and the advantage of the algorithm is more efficient. With the demand of precision, more and more researchers have proposed more effective methods of finite differences, such as the high-order staggered-grid finite differences method, which can restore the actual process of wave propagation on the premise of ensuring accuracy and improving the efficiency of operation. In the past numerical simulation of seismic wave field, different models of isotropic medium are mostly used, but it is difficult to reflect the true layer situation. With the research demand of natural seismology and seismic exploration, the research on anisotropic media is more and more extensive. Transversely isotropic(TI)media can well simulate the seismic wave propagation in the formation medium, such as gas-bearing sandstone, mudstone, shale et al., the character of TI media is reflected by introducing the Thomsen parameters to reflect its weak anisotropy of vertical direction by using Thomson parameter. Therefore, studying the process of seismic wave propagation in TI media can restore the true information of the formation to the greatest extent, and provide a more reliable simulation basis for the numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation. In the geodynamic simulation and the numerical simulation of the seismic wave field, under the limited influence of the calculation area, if no boundary conditions are added, a strong artificial boundary reflection will be generated, which greatly reduces the validity of the simulation. In order to minimize the influence of model boundaries on the reflection of seismic waves, it is often necessary to introduce absorbing boundary conditions. At present, there are three types of absorption boundary conditions: one-way wave absorption boundary, attenuation absorption boundary, and perfectly matched layer(PML)absorption boundary. In terms of numerical simulation of seismic waves, the boundary absorption effect of PML is stronger than the first two, which is currently the most commonly used method, and it also represents the cutting-edge development direction of absorption boundary technology. The perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary is effectively applied to eliminating the reflective waves from model boundaries, but for transversely isotropic medium, the effect of the absorbing is not very well. For this reason, the elastic dynamic wave equations in transversely isotropic media are derived, and we describe a second-order accurate time, tenth-order accurate space, formulation of the Madariaga-Virieux staggered-grid finite difference methods with the perfectly matched layer(PML)are given. In addition, we have established vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)media and arbitrary inclined tilted transversely isotropic(TTI)media models, using a uniform half-space velocity model and a two-layer velocity model, respectively. By combining the actual geoscience background, we set the corresponding parameters and simulation conditions in order to make our model more research-oriented. When setting model parameters, different PML thickness, incident angle, source frequency and velocity layer models were transformed to verify the inhibition of boundary reflection effect by PML absorption boundary layer. The implementations of this simulation show that the formula is correct and for the transversely isotropic(TI)media of any angular symmetry axis, when the thickness of the PML layer reaches a certain value, the seismic wave reflection effect generated by the artificial boundary can be well suppressed, and the absorption effect of PML is not subject to changes in incident angle and wave frequency. Therefore, the results of our study indicate that our research method can be used to simulate the propagation process of seismic waves in the transversely isotropic(TI)media without being affected by the reflected waves at the model boundary to restore the actual formation information and more valuable geological research.     

弹性波传播数值模拟的区域分裂法

本文针对弹性波波场传播的数学模型,提出了一种基于有限元和有限差分耦合的区域分裂方法．它有灵活的网格剖分,克服了单纯用差分方法对区域的依赖性,可以适用于曲边地表;达到同样精度所需的计算量比有限元方法小;并易于实现并行计算．数值实验表明了算法的有效性．     

声波方程频率域有限元参数反演

推导出频率域有限元声波正演方程,为了消除边界反射,将Clayton-Engquist旁轴波动方程吸收边界条件引入频率域,并对有限元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵进行压缩存储,利用广义共轭梯度法求解有限元方程获得正演解.在此基础上,推导出在某一频率下波场数据残差δU与单元物性参数修改量δλ之间关系的Jacobi矩阵,反演方法允许利用地面二维炮集全波场资料与给出初始模型参数的正演值的差值δU,迭代求得δλ.由于计算机内存的限制,方法计算不允许有过多数目的未知数个数,因此还提出了对同一介质物性单元的Jacobi矩阵元素进行压缩组装的措施,从而使反演的未知量个数减少,结合采用共轭梯度迭代法,使得只需利用有效波频段的少数一些频率即可进行迭代反演.正演和反演理论模型的数值模拟结果表明方法是有效的.     

TUTORIAL THE PROGRESSIVE ATTENUATION OF HIGH-FREQUENCY ENERGY IN SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA*

Seismic reflection data always exhibit a progressive loss of high-frequency energy with time. This effect is partly attributable to irreversible processes such as the conversion of elastic energy into heat (commonly known as absorption), and partly to reversible processes associated with interference between reflected waves arriving at different times. This paper looks only at reversible linear elastic effects at normal incidence and asks the following question: if there were no such absorption, would there still be a progressive loss of high-frequency energy? Using normal incidence and a layered elastic earth model we prove the following results. 1. The normal incidence response of a sequence of plane parallel elastic layers is non-white. 2. The pressure wave reflected by a layer that is thin compared with a wavelength is differentiated with respect to the incident wave. 3. The transmission response of a thin layer is consequently low-pass and the transmission response of a sequence containing many thin layers is very low-pass. 4. The well-known effect of the transport of acoustic energy by peg-leg multiples within thin layers is identical with this low-pass transmission response. 5. It follows that the high frequency energy is reflected back early in the seismogram. 6. By comparison, very low-frequencies are transmitted through the layered sequence easily and are reflected with difficulty. There is probably a lack of low-frequency energy in the reflection seismogram, by comparison with the spectrum of the incident plane wave. It follows that any meaningful evaluation of frequency-dependent absorption in seismic data cannot take place unless the frequency-dependent linear elastic effects are taken into account first.     

双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究

从双相横向各向同性介质弹性波波动方程出发 ,利用边界上的 4个连续性条件 ,计算双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射和透射系数 .计算表明 ,快纵波在双相横向各向同性介质分界面上 ,要产生反射快纵波、反射转换 qSV波、反射转换慢纵波和透射快纵波、透射转换qSV波、透射转换慢纵波 .反射转换慢纵波振幅和透射转换慢纵波振幅均较小 .频率、耗散和各向异性大小影响着快纵波反射系数的大小 .     

粘性可压缩流体中的波

本文在小扰动条件下,从粘性可压缩流体的运动方程、状态方程以及连续性方程导出了它的波动方程,从而表明粘性可压缩流体中能够存在有耗损的纵波与横波。文中还针对自由界面、刚性界面、粘性流体内部分界面、粘性流体与弹性固体分界面等,求出了平面波的反射系数和透射系数。     

钻井中首波的共振与衰减

本文从P波首波的严格割线积分出发,首次给出了揭示其共振与衰减特性的渐近展开式,通过数值计算,对这些公式进行了检验,证明它们与严格解符合的相当好.解析的和数值结果一致表明:首波具有共振特性,频谱是连续的;振幅随源距z按1/z规律衰减;各共振峰幅度随岩石泊松比v的增大按[v/（1-v）]²规律增大.时域计算表明,所谓“滤波效应”正是首波共振激发特性的反映,传播过程中不频散.     

弹性反射波频谱分析对比法检测浆砌片石挡墙质量

大量的浆砌片石挡墙需要作快速质量检测，作者比较了利用弹性波速、瑞利面波和弹性波频谱分析法后，认为后者分辨率高，方法简单，并作了几百个点的检测，得到了成功。