胶东杜家崖金矿黄铁矿热电系数、热电阻率与金矿化关系研究

杜家崖金矿为层间滑脱蚀变岩型金矿,不同于山东蚀变岩型、石英脉型及破碎角砾岩型金矿.前人对该矿床的研究极少,因此,希望通过对该矿床矿石中黄铁矿热电性的研究,可以为深部找矿提供依据.利用BHTE-06热电系数测试仪对Ⅰ号矿体37件矿石样品中1692粒黄铁矿进行了热电系数分析,并用BHMR- 08型半导体矿粒调温电阻测试分析仪测出了38件矿石样品中1900粒黄铁矿的热电阻率.根据所得热电性系数数据计算出该矿床的黄铁矿形成温度范围为78.6～380.8℃,主要集中在141.3～350.9℃.据所得数据进行黄铁矿热电系数及热电阻率填图,可推测36～38、54勘探线海拔-100m以下附近的区域可能为富矿段,成矿远景较好.     

河南毛堂金矿黄铁矿的标型特征

本文通过对黄铁矿的化学成分、形态及微形貌、晶胞参数、热电系数等标型特征的研究结果表明,矿床中黄铁矿普遍含金,最高含金量达4200g/t,是国内外已知黄铁矿含金量最高的。矿石中黄铁矿常量元素S/Fe<2,显示亏硫的特点,微量元素Co/Ni=3.25,S/Se=1.98×10~4,表明为热液成因属性。δ~(34)S平均值为1.10‰,靠近标准值(δ~(34)S=0‰),反映出硫源以深源为主。晶胞参数α值小于理论值,与硫空位等因素有关。热电系数以正值为主,P型黄铁矿比率占84.3％,据此,推断矿体剥蚀程度较浅,深部找矿远景较大。     

大兴安岭永新金矿床黄铁矿热电性特征及其指示意义

永新金矿床位于大兴安岭东北部黑河—嫩江构造混杂岩带,是近年来在大兴安岭地区新发现的受构造带控制的大型蚀变岩型金矿床之一,其矿床成因和找矿预测的相关研究较少,许多地质问题还不清楚。为了给深部找矿提供依据,开展了永新金矿床黄铁矿热电性的研究,采用BHTE-6型热电仪,对从永新金矿床32个钻孔及探槽孔矿石样品中挑选出的3 200粒黄铁矿单晶进行了测试。结果表明,永新金矿床黄铁矿热电导型以N型为主,占比约99%,P型占比约1%,黄铁矿热电系数变化范围为-306.0~296.0 μV/℃。通过黄铁矿热电系数计算永新金矿床成矿温度为190.2~313.5℃,属于中低温型热液矿床。黄铁矿热电系数离散性、导型分布、剥蚀率变化梯度及矿物填图等均表明永新金矿床西北部深部仍具有很好的找矿前景。     

黄铁矿热电性研究及在金矿找矿中的应用

应用我单位研制推广的矿物热电图谱仪,对黄铁矿样品进行了统计性测试研究。本文研究了矿物样品进行统计性测试方法和效果,并探索了黄铁矿热电性作为金矿找矿标志的规律,该规律对探测深部金矿已取得良好效果。     

山东烟台南张家金矿黄铁矿的标型特征

通过对烟台南张家金矿黄铁矿的形态、成分和热电性标型的分析和测试 ,对金矿的深部成矿远景进行了评价。南张家金矿黄铁矿的形态以 { 1 0 0 } +{ 2 1 0 }为主 ,反映了成矿溶液中硫浓度较高 ,金具有明显的亲硫性。黄铁矿成分贫 Co、Ni,富 As、Hg。热电导型主要为 P型 ,表明所采矿体为浅部矿 ,深部仍有远景。同时 ,黄铁矿 P型导型出现率由上到下变化很小 ,成矿环境稳定 ,显示矿体向下继续延伸。另外 ,矿石中的黄铁矿与磁山二长花岗岩中的副矿物黄铁矿在形态、成分和热电性上具相似性 ,表明二者具有继承关系 ,佐证了金矿的形成与岩体的演化有关。     

黄铁矿热电系数与活化温度的关系

黄铁矿热电系数的研究成果较多,但其测试的活化温度(温差条件)通常不统一,不同活化温度对热电系数的影响也不甚清楚.本文首先介绍了黄铁矿热电系数的原理,区分了导电类型、热电结构类型与热电场类型三个易混淆的概念;讨论了黄铁矿热电系数的测试方法,并对其热电系数与活化温度的关系进行了实验研究,结果显示黄铁矿热电动势绝对值总体随活化温度的升高而增大,但热电系数绝对值大致随活化温度的升高而降低;活化温度对P型黄铁矿热电系数特征的影响要比对N型黄铁矿热电系数特征的影响明显.通过对比分析,认为用BHTE-06型热电系数测量仪测试黄铁矿热电系数时,活化温度选取40℃更为合适.     

黄铁矿热电性研究方法及其在胶东金矿的应用

本文概述了黄铁矿热电性标型研究所涉及的黄铁矿热电性理论。阐明了矿物热电性测量最新的仪器和测试方法。论述了对胶东地区7个典型金矿床在成因矿物学与找矿矿物学研究中关于黄铁矿热电性方面的应用成果,包括:(1)胶东地区各金矿床黄铁矿热电性的一般特征;(2)金矿床成矿阶段黄铁矿热电性的演变特征;(3)判断金矿规模;(4)判断矿体延伸规模;(5)矿床的黄铁矿热电性分带;(6)判断剥蚀程度;(7)根据矿物热电性标型特点及其应用经验,提出了黄铁矿热电性标型研究方法。     

胶东西北部望儿山金矿床黄铁矿标型特征及找矿意义

对胶东西北部望儿山金矿床中的黄铁矿进行了系统的采样和热电系数、热电导型、晶胞参数、化学成分等特征的分析,在此基础上探讨了黄铁矿的找矿意义。研究表明,望儿山金矿床中的黄铁矿化学成分亏S,特征元素为Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Co、Ni、Se;黄铁矿热电导型P型的出现率为29.4%,热电性各项参数的变化在时间和空间上都与矿石金品位有明显的相关性;黄铁矿热电系数-温度标尺显示成矿温度集中在130.3~339.8℃之间;黄铁矿晶胞参数a0、v0值及X射线衍射峰半高宽都偏低,具有深部黄铁矿特征。黄铁矿δFe-δS图和晶胞参数a0图均显示望儿山金矿床为中低温热液成因,矿体的剥蚀程度较深,向下可能转化为蚀变岩型。     

黄铁矿找矿矿物学在白乃庙金矿床远景评价中的应用

黄铁矿是矿区主要的矿石矿物，也是主要的载金矿物，其标型特征与金矿化有着紧密的联系。本文通过对黄铁矿成分、晶体形态和热电性标型特征的研究，提出了几个找矿指标，并用于金矿床远景评价，取得了良好效果。     

辽西北票二道沟金矿的成矿特点和黄铁矿热电性特征

通过对辽西北票二道沟金矿Ⅲ号脉的不同中段的矿石组构、金的分布特点和主要载金矿物立方体、五角十二面体及它形黄铁矿的热电性研究,讨论了成矿特征,计算了成矿温度和矿体剥蚀率并对深部找矿远景进行了预测。研究表明:二道沟金矿金的分布特点存在不均匀性;黄铁矿热电性以P型为主且变化范围宽,只有少量的N型,表明矿体的剥蚀率较低。二道沟金矿可能存在多期次的热液活动,且每一期次相互叠加改造;成矿热液来自南东方向,成矿热液早期温度较高,金属元素大量沉淀温度为150～300℃,属中低温,且不同中段的成矿温度有一定的变化规律。不同晶形的黄铁矿热电性研究表明,不同晶形载金能力不同,黄铁矿热电性P型频率不同,形成的温度不同,但计算的矿体剥蚀率相差不大。     

Structurally and superficially bound gold in pyrite from deposits of different genetic types

The gold distribution in 32 pyrite samples and some samples of other ore minerals is studied using the method of statistical samplings of analytical data for single crystals. The samples were recovered from deposits of different genetic types within the largest gold provinces of Russia and Uzbekistan. The contents of uniformly distributed gold and the ratios of its structurally to superficially bound forms have been determined. According to the Au–As diagram for the chemical states of gold, uniformly distributed gold in pyrite is chemically bound in the overwhelming majority of cases. The previous experimental data suggest that it is partly incorporated into pyrite and partly into the structures of nanosized nonautonomous phases on the surface of the pyrite crystals. Micro- and nanoparticles of native gold might appear during postgrowth transformations of these phases. Data on the other ore minerals suggest that the dependence of the content of uniformly distributed gold on the size or specific surface area of the crystal and the superficial position of its considerable part are common to the ore minerals. It is shown for pyrite that the observed features are commonly found at deposits of different genetic types, only with differences in the slope and determination coefficients of the dependences. The size dependences of the contents of gold and other elements in pyrite are genetically significant, because they give an insight into the ore-forming processes. The data on structurally bound gold permit comparative evaluation of gold concentrations in ore fluids forming gold deposits of different genetic types.     

皖东地区毛山金矿床中石英热发光与黄铁矿热电性标型研究

皖东地区为中国新的金矿资源远景区 ,金矿点分布广泛 ,但开发程度较低。毛山金矿属于中小规模的典型金矿山 ,矿体具有向南侧伏的趋势。烟灰色含矿石英的热发光曲线具有多峰特征 ,并且峰强大、峰位低 ;而乳白色不含矿石英的热发光曲线峰位较高 ,峰强较小。含矿黄铁矿的热电导型以 N型居多 ,热电系数 α绝对值的平均值较大。石英热发光标型和黄铁矿热电性标型均揭示了金矿化具有向矿区南部深部增强的趋势。研究成果不仅为毛山金矿指明了找矿方向 ,还有助于利用石英和黄铁矿标型性特征对皖东地区众多金矿点的矿化远景作出科学评价。     

黄铁矿的微量元素及热电性和晶体形态分析

金矿床中黄铁矿的微量元素、热电性、晶体形态等标形特征与其形成的物理化学环境及介质条件密切相关。该标型特征在判别不同矿化类型、揭露金矿床空间的变化规律、评价矿体和预测深部矿体等方面都具有一定的代表性和典型性。同时 ,黄铁矿微量元素的分析方法具有易于采样、易于分析、经济有效、方便实用的特点 ,是金矿找矿矿物学研究及应用中行之有效的方法。     

广东河台金矿黄铁矿找矿矿物学研究

研究了广东河台金矿黄铁矿的成分、形态及热电系数标型特征,阐述了这些标型特征在区分不同含金性的黄铁矿、判别含金黄铁矿化岩石与金矿石以及预测矿体深部远景方面的意义.     

青海五龙沟金矿床矿石、矿物含金性及金的赋存状态

本文采用矿相显微镜研究、金溶解性试验、化学分析、背散射电子面扫描、二次电子面扫描、晶体X射线衍射等手段对青海五龙沟金矿床矿石、矿物的含金性及金的赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明，多次叠加蚀变及黄铁绢英岩化毒砂伦金矿石含金较高，金主要以超显微状态存在于毒砂、含砷黄铁矿等金矿硫化物中，存在形式可能为小于10．0nm的非晶格金状态，矿石及矿物中典型元素组合为Au-As-Sb.     

Visible gold in arsenian pyrite at the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou, China: Implications for the environment and processes of ore formation

Carlin-type gold deposits are best known for the scarcity of visible gold in their ores. It has long been recognized that the majority of gold is “invisible”, such that it cannot be resolved by conventional microscopy, and resides in arsenian pyrite. Shuiyindong differs in that sub-μm to μm-sized native gold is present in arsenian pyrite veinlets and disseminations. It is also the largest (55 tonnes) and highest grade (7 to 18 ppm), stratabound, Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou, China and has produced 5 tonnes of gold from sulfide refractory ores extracted by underground mining methods. In this study, an electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) was used to map the spatial distribution of “invisible” gold and sub-μm to μm-size visible gold particles in arsenian pyrite in high-grade ore samples from the Shuiyindong. The samples studied are hosted in Permian bioclastic ferroan limestone of the Longtan Formation and exhibit evidence of decarbonation, silicification and sulfidation. Arsenian pyrite with detectable Au (> 400 to 3800 ppm) is disseminated in altered limestone and was deposited in two stages separated by an episode of corrosion in a veinlet.The results show that there are two populations of native gold in arsenian pyrite. One is comprised of sub-μm size gold particles (0.1 to 0.2 μm) that are occasionally present in the gold-bearing arsenian pyrite disseminated in the host rocks. This arsenian pyrite is interpreted to have been formed by sulfidation of ferroan calcite and dolomite. Another is comprised of coarser (1 to 6 μm) native gold grains present in the arsenian pyrite veinlet, either on the first stage where it has been corroded or on the second stage. The lack of fluid inclusion or other evidence of boiling and the low iron content of fluid inclusions in quartz, suggest the veinlet formed by sulfidation of another fluid containing Fe. The Fe-bearing fluid may be a depleted ore fluid that gained Fe by dissolution of ferroan limestone after H₂S had been consumed. The association of the largest visible gold grains with an episode of corrosion suggests that fluids episodically became undersaturated with arsenian pyrite while remaining saturated with gold (e.g., pH decrease or an increase in the oxidation state). This may have resulted from incursion of relatively acidic or oxidized fluids that were able to dissolve arsenian pyrite and remain saturated with gold. In this case, sulfidation of iron from the host rock, was the most important depositional mechanism for Au-bearing arsenian pyrite with, or without, grains of native gold.     

The Nature of Ore‐forming Fluids of the Carlin‐type Gold Deposit in Southwest China: A Case from the Zimudang Gold Deposit

The Zimudang gold deposit is a large Carlin‐type gold deposit in the Southwest Guizhou Province, China, with an average Au content of 6.2 g/t. Gold is mainly hosted in the fault zone and surrounding strata of the F1 fault and Permian Longtan Formation, and the ore bodies are strictly controlled by both the faults and strata. Detailed mineralogy and geochemistry studies are conducted to help judge the nature of ore‐forming fluids. The results indicate that the Au is generally rich in the sulfides of both ores and wall rocks in the deposit, and the arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite are the main gold‐bearing sulfides. Four subtypes of arsenian pyrite are found in the deposit, including the euhedral and subhedral pyrite, framboidal pyrite, pyrite aggregates and pyrite veins. The euhedral and subhedral pyrite, which can take up about 80% of total pyrite grains, is the dominant type. Au distributed unevenly in the euhedral and subhedral pyrite, and the content of the Au in the rim is relatively higher than in the core. Au in the pyrite veins and pyrite aggregates is lower than the euhedral and subhedral pyrite. No Au has been detected in the points of framboidal pyrites in this study. An obvious highly enriched As rim exists in the X‐ray images of euhedral pyrites, implying the ore‐forming fluids may be rich in As. The relationship between Au and As reveals that the Au may host as a solid solution (Au⁺) and nanoparticles of native gold (Au⁰) in the sulfides. The high Co/Ni ratio (>1) of sulfides and the enrichment of W in the ores all reflect that the gold‐bearing minerals and ore‐forming process were mainly related to the hydrothermal fluids, but the magmatic and volcanic activities cannot be neglected. The general existence of Au and As in the sulfides of both ores and wall rocks and the REE results suggest that the ore‐forming fluids may mainly be derived from the basin itself. The enrichment of Tl suggests that the ore‐forming fluids may be enriched in Cl. The Ce and Eu show slightly or apparently negative anomalies, which means the ore fluids were probably formed under reducing environment. The Y/Ho ratios of ore samples fluctuate around 28, implying the bicarbonate complexation and fluorine were both involved in the ore‐forming process. Combined with the previous studies and our results, we infer that the ore‐forming fluids enriched Au, As, HS^? and halogen (F, Cl) were derived from the mixture of reducing basinal fluids and magmatic or volcanic hydrothermal fluids.     

北山地区照壁山金矿床地质特征及成因

照壁山金矿床是北山地区中部金矿集中区最具代表性的金矿床之一,金矿化主要在黑云母花岗岩株内或沿其与志留系公婆泉群火山-沉积岩的接触带产出,黑云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar同位素年龄为296±5 Ma.金矿体主要由含金石英脉,网脉和细脉浸染状块体组成,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、自然金和银金矿,脉石矿物为石英和绢云母.围岩蚀变自含金矿脉(体)向外,分别为硅化、绢云母化和绿泥石化;另外,沿岩体与火山-沉积岩接触带常可观察到黄铁绢英岩化.微量元素和硫、氧、氢及铅同位素数据表明:黑云母花岗岩是同碰撞造山期深源岩浆与地壳物质相互作用的结果,成(岩)矿物质主要来自壳幔混合源,含矿热液是岩浆热流体与大气降水混合的产物.海西期花岗质岩浆活动不仅为金矿床的形成提供了物质和热力来源,而且是成矿热液对流循环的"发动机",成矿体系温、压降低是导致金沉淀与富集的重要控制因素.     

黔西南泥堡金矿围岩与矿石的对比及其成矿机制研究

泥堡金矿的矿体主要赋存在构造蚀变体及逆冲断层破碎带中,受地层和断裂的双重控制。本文在岩相学研究的基础上应用X射线粉晶衍射分析(XRD)结合电子探针分析(EMPA)确定和量化了围岩和矿石的蚀变矿物及载金砷黄铁矿,对比了围岩和矿石的特点,并利用主微量元素分析矿化过程中围岩与矿石之间的元素带入带出通量,探讨了泥堡金矿蚀变矿物与成矿的关系及成矿机制问题。分析结果表明,黄铁矿(主要的载金矿物)与石英呈负相关,与伊利石呈正相关;矿石发生了去碳酸盐化作用,矿石中的黄铁矿大多具有环带结构,部分围岩也发生了去碳酸盐化作用,而围岩中的黄铁矿一般不具有环带结构;Au明显加入到构造蚀变体的矿石中,而CaO、MgO、S、Ba、Be等从其围岩中带出;Au、Sc、As和Fe_2O_3明显加入到逆冲断层破碎的矿石中,SiO_2、CaO、Sr、W、Be等则显示从其围岩中带出。综合分析认为,去碳酸盐化和硫化作用是泥堡金矿的主要成矿机制。在矿化前,去碳酸盐化作用为成矿提供了有利的环境;在成矿过程中,矿化通过硫化作用形成了黄铁矿的载金含砷边缘。